Global flows of

migrants

Chapter
8
 Migrants
Migration

Flows of migrants to and from the US

Migrants through Mexico and to the US
Illegal Mexican migrants to the US
Increased law enforcement
Flow of migrants elsewhere in the world
Illegal immigrants in Europe
Illegal immigrants in Asia
The case against the backlash to illegal
immigration
Remittances
Diaspora
Vagabonds Populations on the move, both
Tourists vagabonds and tourists
 A UN puts the number of
population
international migrants at just
international
over 190 m Migrants
3%

Global
Population
97%

Global Population international Migrants

 population
Population Significant percentage of
migrants Migrants
10%
Migrants
20%

Great
Britain
Germany
90%
80% population
Migrants Great Britain
Migrants Germany
migrants,
POPULATION 25, 25%
POPULATION
Australia Migrants
migrants US migrants migrants
switzerland,
75, 75%
migrantsmigrants
Migrants 12%
15%
25%
migrants switzerland migrants
15%
Australia
75% US
58%
Migration

The In-Migration of persons to a

country other than that of their place
of birthmigration
The return or citizenship.
of nationals to
their home country after residing
4 components The out-migration
abroadof nationals from
of International their home country
Migration The out-migration of foreigners from
a foreign country to which they had
previously immigrated
Things that Hampered
Migration

Countries do not collect or

report information on
Most international
basic migrationstatistics on migration
statistics
are based on data collected at the national
level, which often creates issues regarding
comparability and harmonization of data
across countries

Difficulties in keeping tabs of

illegal migrants
Fear on migration

Social instability

Threat to national identity

Competition for scarce jobs

Concern over terrorism

 Free-flow of migrants

Prior to 1880,entry into the US It was world war 1 that

was largely unregulated; anyone changed atitudes and the
who wanted to get in could get in. situations dramatically.

1889 An international Emigration conference

declard: “we affirm the right of individual to the
fundamental liberty accorded to him by every
civilized nation to come and go and dispose of
his person and his destinies as he places” (cited
on moses 2006: 47)
Labor Migration
 Types of migration
Refers to the change
Refers to the change
of residence within
of residence over
national boundaries
national boundaries
Internal External
migration migration

Are those who moved Are those who crossed

an international
Are those who moved without legal
Legal
permission of theIllegal boundary to escape
with legal permission Refugees
migration
receiver nationmigration persecution
of the receiver nation

Asylum
seekers
Asylum
seeker
 Flow of Migrants to and
from the US

Migrants through
Illegal Mexican Mexico and to theIncreased of law
migrants to the US US enforcement

“Living here without papers is better “The primary effect of hardening the
than living there”(quoted in Alvarez border has been one of locking people
2006b: A20) in”
 Flow of Migrant elsewhere Illegal immigrants in
in the world Europe

Since the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty, a number of

nations have
immigrants been
took manyadded
lowto- paying
the EU jobs
including less developed
and were perceived as
Eastern European
a threat because nations
the jobs such
theyas Poland
obtained in 2004
might anddebate
have Bulgaria
gone to
It is not only in theGreat
US Britain
that In Great
control Britain, there is great public over
and Romania
British workersinof
2007.
and Onebut
because of of
the key overall
their points of the
impact Maastricht
in driving
various aspects
over borders is a major issue. the EU, especially about the impact of the
Treaty
freewas to for
move oftoward
down wages all, Europe
especially at theas an increasingly
lower end of the
movement workers from Eastern Europe.
borderless society, occupational
at least as farhierarchy.
as the member nations and
their citizens are concerned.
 immigrants took many low - paying jobs and were
perceived as a threat because the jobs they obtained
might have gone to British workers and because of
their overall impact in driving down wages for all,
especially at the lower end of the occupational
hierarchy.