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Anthropology

and
Sociology
ANTHROPOLOGY
( Deals with culture )
• Is the scientific study of the origins of
human
• Anthropology is the art of science
The term originates from to words in
Greek:
Anthroporos means “man” as in “human
being”
Logos means “study”
• It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social
change , and world history.
• It is the study of humankind in all times and all places.
• It is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins
and contemporary human diversity.
• Focus upon tribes and colonized people
There are four main subdivisions
(areas) in the study of anthropology
Physical Anthropology
• Biological Anthropology, also known as physical
anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the
biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their
related non- human primates and their extinct hominin
ancestors.
• Physical Anthropologists focus on the evolution of human
anatomy and physiology, rather than culture.
Branches of Physical Anthropology
• Racial History – is the belief that a particular race is
superior or inferior to another, that a person’s social and
moral traits are predetermined by his or her biological
characteristics.
• Paleontology – is the scientific study of life that existed prior
to , and sometimes including , the start of the Holocene
Epoch. It includes the study of fossils to determine
organisms’ evolution and interactions with each other and
their environments.
• Human genetics – is the study of inheritance as it occurs in
human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of
overlapping fields including : classical genetics,
cytogenetics, molecular genetics and etc.
Archeology
• Archeology is the study of the ancient and recent human
past through materials remain. It is a subfield of
anthropology, the study of all human culture.
• Archeology offers a unique perspective on human history
and culture.
Cultural Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on
the study of cultural variation among humans and is in contrast
to social anthropology which perceives cultural variation as a
subset of the anthropological constant.
• Cultural anthropologists study such topics as how people make
their living , how people interact with each other, what beliefs
people hold, and what institution organize people in the society.
Branches of Cultural Anthropology
• Ethnography – is the systematic study of people and cultures. It is
design to explore cultural phenomena.
• Ethnology – is the study of characteristics of various peoples and
difference and relationships between them (compare cultural,
social, or sociocultural anthropology.
• Social Anthropology – is the study of human society and cultures.
Social Anthropologists seek to understand how people live in
societies and how they make their lives meaningful.
Linguistic Anthropology
• Refers to the study of communication, mainly (but not
exclusive) among humans. It includes the study of
communication’s origins, history, and contemporary
variation.
• The study of how languages change overtime is termed
historical linguistics.
SOCIOLOGY
( Deals with society )
• It is the systematic study of groups and societies that people
build and how these affect their behavior.
• It focuses on the various social connections, institutions,
organizations, structure, and processes.
• It gathers social inputs which are composed of frequent forms
and manners namely: attitude, viewpoints, consolidated values,
and norms of social institutions and which form part of
society array.
• Work with urban cultures
Socio-Anthropology and other social sciences
• Psychology – study of processes of the mind such as perception,
attitudes, values and their determinants.
• History – study of the past events and their context that posses
social significance.
• Economics – study of the production, distribution and allocation of
material goods and services of the society.
• Political Science – studies the ways people govern themselves
through government structure and relationship with other
institutions.
Forms of Sociology

Micro sociology - (study of group life in close up)


Macro sociology - (attempt to explain the fundamental
patterns processes of social relations)
Areas of Sociology
1. Social Organization – study of the various social institutions,
social group, social stratification, social mobility,
bureaucracy, ethnic groups and relations.

2. Social Psychology – study of human nature as an outcome of


group life, social attitudes, collective behavior and personality
formation.
Areas of Sociology
3. Social change and disorganization – study of change in
culture and social relations and disruptions that may occur
in the society.
4. Human ecology – study of nature and behavior of a given
population as an outcome of group life, social attitudes,
collective behavior and personality formation.
Areas of Sociology
5. Population / Demography – study of population number,
composition, change and quality as they affect the socio-
economic – political system.
6. Sociological theory and method – concerned with the
applicability of the principles and theories of group life to
social environment.
Areas of Sociology
7. Applied sociology – use of sociological researches in
various fields such as criminology, social work, community
development and other social issues.

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