Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Wel – Come
Dr. U. D. Chavan
Senior Cereal Food Technologist
Sorghum Improvement Project
Department of Food Science and Technology
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413722
Dist: Ahmednagar (MS)
Topics to be covered under this area
Introduction
Production and utilization
Storage and processing
Chemical composition and nutritional value
Nutritional inhibitors/antinutritional and toxic factors
Nutritional quality of food products prepared from cereal
grains and millets
Health benefits from cereal and millet food products
Marketing
List of cereals grains and millets to be processed
Wheat
Rice
Sorghum
Corn
Pearl millet/Bajara
Finger millet
Foxtail millet
Proso millet
Little millet
Barnyard millet
Kodo millet
2.Finger millet/Ragi
1. Foxtail millet
5. Barnyard millet
Cereal grains and millets processing items
Cleaning
Dehulling/Decortications
Malting/Fermentation
Processing of cereal grains and millets with various solvents
Flour preparation
Semolina/Rava/Grits preparation
Fortification of cereals and millets and their flours
Value-added health food products preparations
Food Products to be Prepared
Cereal grains Type of product to be prepared
Wheat Traditional products Bakery products
Industrial products
Rice Traditional products Industrial products
Corn/Maize Traditional products Commercial products
Sorghum Ethnic products Bakery products
Value-added products Industrial products
Pearl millet
Finger millet
Foxtail millet
Traditional products
Proso millet
Little millet Nutraceutical/Health products
Barnyard Industrial products
millet
Kodo millet
Actual Food Products Preparations from Cereals and Millets
Traditional Food Products:
Various types of flours, Roti/Bhakari, Annum, Boiled grains,
Grits, Rava, Semolina, Malted grains/flours, Fermented flours,
pops, flakes, etc.
Millet Na K Ca Mg P Fe Zn
1. Rye 1 410 32 92 360 2.7 -
2. Oat
Whole 28 450 94 138 385 6.2 2.0
Rolled 33 370 55 110 380 4.1 -
3. Barley
1. Breaking
Grains are passed through break rolls. Four or five sets of
rolls are employed for breaking grains, a mixture of bran, free
endosperm and bran containing endosperm goes to next
breaking roll. Horizontal rolls are faster and gives higher
production.
2. Sifting
Sifting or scalping machine. It is a combination of sieving
operations (plan sifters) and air aspirations (purifier). The
resulting flour and endosperm chunks (middling) which still
contain bran particles are transferred to purifier.
Milling Operations
3. Purifying
It consists of a long-oscillating sieve inclined downward,
through which air current is passed in the direction of floor to
ceiling. The number of purifiers may be up to 12 for a system
with 4 break rolls.
4. Reduction
These reduce the endosperm middling to flour size.
5. Scratching
A scratch system is some times used as a standby to
maintain proper release of endosperm from bran (standby to
break and reduction system).
Milling Operations
6. Entoleter
It acts like a detacher and increases the yield of flour. The machine
consists of a disc with concentric rings rotating at high speed. If any living
matter (insects, fungi) is present, it gets killed because of the centrifugal force.
This machine avoids the use of chemicals to control the organisms.
7. Air classification
The product is separated in air classifiers in to their constituent
fractions varying in protein content. Air classification is relatively inexpensive
and has certain advantages.
Manufacture of more uniform flours from different wheat.
Increase of protein content in break flours and decrease of protein in cake
and cookie flours.
Controlled particle size and chemical composition.
Production of special flours for special uses.
Milling Operations