PROJECT TITLE:

FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT USING ARDUINO

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (EE-470)
PROJECT REPORT
6th SEMESTER
GROUP MEMBERS:
KAMRAN TARIQ (2017-EL-005)
SAAD KHALID (2017-EL-027)
WARDAH ATIQ (2017-EL-033)
JUNAID ASHFAQUE (2017-EL-044)
SUBMITTED TO:
MISS SARA BHATTI
MISS RIJA
•INTRODUCTION:

With the advancement of technology especially in Robotics it is very much

possible to replace humans with robots for fighting the fire. This would
improve the efficiency of firefighters and would also prevent them from
risking human lives. Today we are going to build a Fire Fighting Robot
using Arduino, which will automatically sense the fire and start the water
pump. In this project, we will learn how to build a Simple Robot using
Arduino that could move towards the fire and pump out water around it to
put down the fire. It is a very simple robot that would teach us the
underlying concept of robotics; you would be able to build more
sophisticated robots once you understand the following basics.
•COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

•Arduino UNO
•Fire sensor or Flame sensor (3 Nos)
•Servo Motor (SG90)
•L293D motor Driver module
•Small Breadboard
•Robot chassis with motors and wheel (any type)
•Connecting wires

•Arduino UNO:
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced
to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins,
6 Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an
external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts [1].
• Fire Sensor:
A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a
flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on the
installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line, and activating a fire
suppression system [2].

•Servo Motor (SG90) :

Tiny and lightweight with high output power. Servo can rotate
approximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds
but smaller. You can use any servo code, hardware or library to control these servos [3]

•MotorDriverL293D:
A motor driver is an integrated circuit chip which is usually used
to control motors in autonomous robots. Motor driver act as an interface between
Arduino and the motors . These ICs are designed to control 2 DC motors simultaneously.
L293D consist of two H-bridge. H-bridge is the simplest circuit for controlling a low
current rated motor[4].
•Robot Chasis:
Robot chassis is particularly designed for robots and other mechanical
devices. These accessories handle PCB, components and parts that are interfaced and
connected to it. Chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which the
body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even
the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis. [5]

•BreadBoard:
A breadboard is a solder less device for temporary prototype with
electronics and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits
can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then
making connections through wires where appropriate. [6]

•Connecting Wires:
current to travel from one point on a circuit to another because electricity needs a
medium through which it can move. Most of the connecting wires are made up of copper
or aluminum. Copper is cheap and good conductivity [7]
 •WORKING:

3.11) WORKING CONCEPT OF FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT

This firefighting robotic system is powered by Arduino Uno development board it consists of
the HC-SR04 ultra-sonic sensor mounted on a servo motor for obstacles detection and free
path navigation, it is also equipped with the fire flame sensor for detecting and approaching
fire it also makes use of water tank and spray mechanism for extinguishing the fire. Water
spraying nozzle is mounted on servo motor to cover maximum area. Water is pumped from
the main water tank to the water nozzle with the help of water pump.[8]

The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire
sensor module (flame sensor). These sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is
used to detect the fire. When fire burns it emits a small amount of Infra-red light, this light
will be received by the IR receiver on the sensor module. Then we use an Op-Amp to check
for change in voltage across the IR Receiver, so that if a fire is detected the output pin (DO)
will give 0V(LOW) and if the is no fire the output pin will be 5V(HIGH).So, we place three
such sensors in three directions of the robot to sense on which direction the fire is burning.
We detect the direction of the fire we can use the motors to move near the fire by driving
our motors through the L293D module. When near a fire we have to put it out using water.
Using a small container we can carry water, a 5V pump is connected to the container and
the servo motor is attached to card board which is connected to pipe so that we can control
the direction in which the water has to be sprayed [9].
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
CONCLUSION:

This advanced firefighting robotic system independently detects and extinguishes fire.
In the age of technology, the world is slowly turning towards the automated system
and self-travelling vehicles, fire fighters are constantly at a risk of losing their life. Fire
spreads rapidly if it is not controlled. In case of a gas leakage there even may be an
explosion. So, in order to overcome this issue, safe guard live of our hero, our system
comes to the rescue.

•REFERRENCE:
[1] www.wikipedia.com
[2] www.wikipedia.com
[3] http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk
[4] www.wikipedia.com
[5] www.robomart.com
[6] www.wikipedia.com
[7] https://buddymantra.in/connecting-wires
[8] https://nevonprojects.com/
[9] https://circuitdigest.com