Tolerancing

Part 1
Interpreting, Specifying,Manufacturing &
Measuring
Various Dimensional Tolerances
Dr.N.Ramani
Principal
School of PG Studies
NTTF, Bangalore
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Tolerance = Permissible Variation

To be specified only when & where

essential for functionality

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Cost of
Mfg

Costly Zone Optimum

Zone

Tolerance
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Tolerance

Dimensional
• Dia
• Length

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Tolerance

Dimensional Form
• Circular
• Straightness
• Cylindricity
Variation of actual condition of
form feature(Surface/line) from
geometrically ideal position
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Tolerance

Dimensional Form Positional

A

B
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Tolerance

Dimensional Form Positional Surface

Finish

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Tolerance

Dimensional Form Positional Surface

Finish
Tolerance of Size automatically limits the
tolerance of form & position!
The indication of tolerance of form &
position does not necessarily imply the use
of any particular method of mfg..

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Tolerance

Dimensional Form Positional Surface

Finish

Waviness

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General Tolerances = ?

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General Tolerances =
Tolerances for
Linear & Angular dimensions
without individual Tolerance Indications
Ref IS 2102(Part 1) : 1993
ISO 2768-1 : 1989

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Tolerance on dims. Unless otherwise specified

Category 0.5 to 3 30 to
3 to 6 mm 6 to 30mm
Class mm 120mm

Fine ?

Medium

Coarse

Extra
Coarse

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Examples for
• Fine
• Medium
• Coarse
• Extra Coarse Components ?

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“One thing at a time & that too done well is

the way to happiness” AKB

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Examples for
• Fine : Rollers for Needle bearings
• Medium :
• Coarse :
• Extra Coarse :

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Examples for
• Fine : Rollers for Needle bearings
• Medium : Swiss Auto -Turned Parts
• Coarse :
• Extra Coarse :

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Examples for
• Fine : Rollers for Needle bearings
• Medium : Swiss Auto -Turned Parts
• Coarse : Rivet
• Extra Coarse :

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Examples for
• Fine : Rollers for Needle bearings
• Medium : Swiss Auto -Turned Parts
• Coarse : Rivet
• Extra Coarse : Forged part

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Examples for
• Fine : Rollers for Needle bearings
• Medium : Swiss Auto -Turned Parts
• Coarse : Rivet
• Extra Coarse : Forged part
Note: Hybrid Tolerancing not allowed!

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Tolerance on dims. Unless otherwise specified

Category 0.5 to 3 30 to
3 to 6 mm 6 to 30mm
Class mm 120mm

Fine +/-0.05

Medium ?

Coarse

Extra
Coarse

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Tolerance on dims. Unless otherwise specified

Category 0.5 to 3 30 to
3 to 6 mm 6 to 30mm
Class mm 120mm

Fine +/-0.05

Medium +/-0.10

Coarse ?

Extra
Coarse

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Tolerance on dims. Unless otherwise specified

Category 0.5 to 3 30 to
3 to 6 mm 6 to 30mm
Class mm 120mm

Fine +/-0.05

Medium +/-0.10

Coarse +/-0.30

Extra
?
Coarse

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Tolerance on dims. Unless otherwise specified

Category 0.5 to 3 30 to
3 to 6 mm 6 to 30mm
Class mm 120mm

Fine +/-0.05

Medium +/-0.10

Coarse +/-0.30

Extra
+/-0.50
Coarse

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Tolerance on dims. Unless otherwise specified

Category 0.5 to 3 30 to
3 to 6 mm 6 to 30mm
Class mm 120mm

Fine +/-0.05 +/-0.05 +/-0.15 +/-0.2

Medium +/-0.10 +/-0.10 +/-0.20 +/-0.30

Coarse +/-0.20 +/-0.30 +/-0.50 +/-0.80

Extra
NA +/-0.50 +/-1.00 +/-1.50
Coarse

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Exclusive For Tool Drawings:

20,0 = 20+/-0.5

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Exclusive For Tool Drawings:

20,0 = 20+/-0.5
20,00 = 20+/-0.05

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Exclusive For Tool Drawings:

20,0 = 20+/-0.5
20,00 = 20+/-0.05
20,000 = 20+/-0.005

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Company Standards for general Tolerances

IS 2102 for ‘Rubber Parts’ Anecdote

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“Loose Tolerances tightly held are better

than tight tolerances loosely held”
Centurion

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ASSEMBLY

Interchangeable Graded Selective

Assembly Assembly Assembly

? ? ?

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Min Bore

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Min Bore

Dist. Between
axes = ? TOLERANCING 32
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Min?
Max?
Tol?

Combined Representation
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SHAFT FEATURES

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SHAFT FEATURES

Combined
Representation

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Line of zero deviation

Basic Size

Lower Deviation

BORE FEATURES
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SHAFT
FEATURES
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Lower Deviation

BORE & SHAFT

FEATURES TOLERANCING 39
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Feature Bore Shaft

Deviation
Upper Max Max
Lower Min Min
 From Basic Size

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Feature Bore Shaft

Deviation
Upper ES es
Lower EI ei
* From Basic Size

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FEATURE BORE SHAFT

DEVIATION *
UPPER
LOWER
* FROM BASIC SIZE

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EI

BORE & SHAFT

FEATURES TOLERANCING 43
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Does Tolerance have a sign?

Answer in Part 2

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Thank You
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