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1
Block Diagram of a Microprocessor
2
Block Diagram of a Microcontroller
3
Comparison between MP & MC
4
Features of 8051
• 4 KB on chip program memory
• 128 bytes on chip data memory (RAM)
• 4 register banks
• 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
• Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes
• 8-bit data bus
• 16-bit address bus
• 16-bit program counter and data pointer
• 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less)
• 3 internal and 2 external interrupts
• Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports)
• 1 Microsecond instruction cycle with 12 MHz Crystal
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8051 Pin Diagram
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Block Diagram
7
8051 Programming Model
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Oscillator Circuit & Timing
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PSW
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Internal RAM
11
Stack Operation
12
Special Function Registers
13
Special Function Registers
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SFR Bit Address
15
I/O Ports
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Port Pin Circuits
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Port 3
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External Memory Connection
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External Memory Access
20
External Memory Timing
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TCON Register
22
TMOD Register
23
Timer/Counter Control Logic
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Timer 1 & Timer 0 Operation Modes
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SCON Register
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PCON Register
27
Shift Register Mode 0 Timing
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Mode 1 Standard UART
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Mode 1 Baud Rates
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Mode 2 Baud Rate
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Mode 3
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Interrupts
• Timer Flag Interrupts
• Serial Port Interrupt
• External Interrupts
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IE Register
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IP Register
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Interrupt Priority
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Interrupt Addresses
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RESET
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Moving Data
• MOV destination, source
• PUSH source or POP destination
• XCH destination, source
Addressing modes
• Immediate Addressing mode
• Register Addressing mode
• Direct Addressing mode
• Indirect Addressing mode
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Memory parts
• Internal RAM
• Internal Special function registers
• External RAM
• Internal and External ROM
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Opcodes
• MOV
• MOVX
• MOVC
• PUSH and POP
• XCH
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Example Instructions
• MOV Rr, #n
• MOV A, Rr
• MOV A, address
• MOV @Rp, #n
• MOVX A, @Rp
• MOVC A, @A+DPTR
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Logical Operations
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Byte Level Logical Operations
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Internal RAM Bit Addresses
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SFR Bit Addresses
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Bit-Level Boolean Operations
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Rotate and Swap Operations
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Arithmetic Operations
• INC destination
• DEC destination
• ADD/ADDC destination, source
• SUBB destination, source
• MUL AB
• DIV AB
• DA A
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Instructions Affecting Flags
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Jump & Call Instructions
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Jump Instruction Ranges
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Jump and Call Program Ranges
• Relative Range
• Short Absolute Range
• Long Absolute Range
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Bit Jumps
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Byte Jumps
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Byte Jumps
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Unconditional Jumps
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Calls and Subroutines
58