Santhosh Prabu J

Kapila Chander T

Workshop on Basic
Electrical
Engineering
Appliances
 CONTENTS
HOUSE WIRING
Layout
Staircase wiring
Dim and Bright Lamp Wiring
Fluorescent Tube Wiring
CEILING FAN OPERATION
INVERTER Working Principle
AIR CONDITIONER
COOLER
HOUSE WIRING
DIM and BRIGHT LAMP WIRING
FLUORESCENT TUBE WIRING
STAIRCASE WIRING
CEILING FAN OPERATION
CEILING FAN WORKING VIDEO
INVERTER
 What is an Inverter?
• A static device that converts DC power into AC power at desired output voltage
and frequency is called an Inverter.

• Applications

• Adjustable – speed AC drives,

• UPS etc….
• Mainly, the inverter is used to deliver power from dc source to passive or active ac
load by employing conventional SCRs or gate-driven semiconductor device (i.e.
GTOs, IGBTs and MOSFETs)
Voltage Source Current Source
Inverters Inverters

Input voltage is Input current is

constant constant

Output voltage Output current

does not depend does not depend
on load on load

Magnitude of Magnitude of
load current & its load voltage & its
shape depends shape depends
on load on load
Uninterruptible Power Supply
 • Air conditioner installations mainly come in two types: window systems and split
systems
• An air conditioner (AC) in a room or a car works by collecting hot air from a given
space, processing it to release cool air into the same space
• This processing is primarily done using five components:
Air Conditioner •
•
Evaporator
Compressor
• Condenser
• Expansion valve
• Refrigerant
• Evaporator (in the indoor unit of
a split air conditioner): It is a
heat exchanger coil that takes
heat from the room and moves it
outside through a refrigerant gas.
• hydrofluorocarbons or HFCs (like, R-
410A)
• hydrochlorofluorocarbons or HCFCs
(like, R-22)
• hydrocarbons (like R-290 and R-
600A).
• Compressor (in the outdoor unit
of a split air conditioner): It
compresses the hot refrigerant
gas into a hot liquid refrigerant
which is ready to exchange heat
from outside (the room).
• Condenser (in the outdoor unit of
a split air conditioner): It is a
heat exchanger coil that throws
the heat collected from the room
(by the refrigerant) outside the
room.
Expansion valve
• It referred to as the
throttling device, the
expansion valve is
located between the
two sets of coils (the
chilled coils of the
evaporator and the hot
coils of the condenser).
It keeps tabs on the
amount of refrigerant
moving towards the
evaporator.
Working Principle of Air Conditioner
• AC on and set your desired temperature (say, 20 degrees
Celsius), the thermostat installed in it senses that there is a
difference in the temperature of the room’s air
• This warm air is drawn in through a grille at the base of the
indoor unit, flows over some pipes through which the
refrigerant liquid absorbs the heat and becomes a hot gas
itself.
• This hot refrigerant gas is then passed on to the compressor
(located on the outside unit) The compressor compresses the
gas so that it becomes hot, since compressing a gas increases
its temperature. This hot, high-pressure gas then travels to
the third component
• condenses the hot gas so that it becomes a liquid.
Working Principle Animation
Evaporative cooler
• An evaporative cooler (also swamp cooler, swamp box,
desert cooler and wet air cooler) is a device that cools air
through the evaporation of water.
• Evaporative cooling differs from typical air conditioning
systems, which use vapor-compression or absorption
refrigeration cycles
• Evaporative cooling uses the fact that The temperature of
dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase
transition of liquid water to water vapor (evaporation).
 Phase transition

• The term phase transition (or

phase change) is most commonly
used to describe transitions
between solid, liquid, and
gaseous states of matter
Wind-Tower-and-
Qanat-Cooling
• An earlier form of evaporative
cooling, the windcatcher, was first
used in ancient Egypt and Persia
thousands of years ago in the form
of wind shafts on the roof.
• caught the wind, passed it over
subterranean water in a qanat and
discharged the cooled air into the
building.
• The evaporative cooler was the
subject of numerous US patents in
the 20th century; many of these,
starting in 1906
 Evaporative cooler working
• In low-humidity areas, evaporative cooler
provides a natural and energy-efficient cool air
• principle, cooling outdoor air by passing it over
water-saturated pads, causing the water to
evaporate into it. The 15°- to 40°F-cooler air is
then directed into the home
• Motor
• Evaporative cooler motors are relatively small in size,
usually ranging from 1/3 to 1 horsepower. Most
operate on 115/120 volts of power
• Single phase induction Motor is used

• Water Pump
• The water pump in an evaporative cooler brings the
water from the pan to the distribution tubing, and
from there onto the pads.
• Usually Submersible Pumps are used
Submersible Pumps
• submersible pump pushes water to the surface
by converting rotary energy into kinetic energy
into pressure energy
• water being pulled into the pump: first in the
intake, where the rotation of the impeller pushes
the water through the diffuser into pressure
energy
Single phase induction motor