INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTION
CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVES:

 Discuss the paradigm shifts through history

 explain how the intellectual revolution
changed the way how humans see the world
 describe
the technological advancements that
happened in the information age.
INTRODUCTION:

There has been instances when

advancements in science and technology
changed people'perceptions and beliefs.
Much of these events happened in a period
known as INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

A famous Philosopher and astronomer,

Claudius Ptolemy, stated that the planets as
well as the sun and moon, moved in circular
motion around the Earth. The sun and moon
revolution explained the existence of days and
nights. He believed that the Earth was at the
center- a concept known as geocentrism.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus, a

polish mathematician and astronomer,
challenged the ptolemeic model. He introduced
a new concept known as heliocentrism, which
suggested that the center of the solar system
ws not the Earth but actually the Sun.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

After some time, astronomers realized that

the copernican model simplified the orbits of the
planets. it also answered issues that could not
be explained using the geocentric model. other
works that supported this model started to
emerge as well. It was eventually accepted by
the people in a period which was called the
birth of modern astronomy.
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION

Was considered to be one of the most

controversial revolution of its time. In 1859,
Charles Darwin, and English naturalist, biologist
and geologist, published his book, On the
origin of the species. In this book Darwin
introduced the theory of evolution which
posited that populations passed through a
process of natural selection in which only the
fittest survive.
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION

It was only after some time that people

came to understand that Darwins theory of
evolution was not infact against the teachings
of the church and both can coexist.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

In the past, the field psychology was

classified as under philosophy. Psychology
was considered as more of an art rather than a
science. In the late 19th century, Sigmund
Freud was able to change people's perception
of psychology with his revolutionary theory of
psychoanalysis, study that explains behavior.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

Freud explained that there are many

concious and uncouncious factors that can
influence behavior and emotions. He also
argued that personality is a product of three
conflicting elements: ID, EGO, SUPEREGO.
REFLECTION:

Why do you think were most

intellectual ideas controversial?
REFLECTION:

Why did the people accept these

new discoveries despite being
contradictory to what was widely
accepted at that time?
REFLECTION:

How do intellectual revolutions

transform societies?