RESEARCH

A systematic process of
collecting, organizing and
analyzing data to find
answer to people’s
queries
AIMS OF RESEARCH

Verificationof existing knowledge

Acquisition of new knowledge
Application of new knowledge
Advancement of the researcher’s
expertise
FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH

Exploration- a researcher may explore a

new topic and a broader perspective or an
additional knowledge to what is currently
known
Description- to give additional information
on newly discovered ideas
Explanation- understanding why these
ideas come into existence
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

 Realistic-
data should be derived from actual observations, first-hand
document sources, and excavation of artifacts
 Logical-
research should follow valid, definite principles, frameworks and
procedures
 Cyclical- starts with the problem and ends with another
 Analytical- data should be analyzed before making the final conclusions
 Objective- there should be no bias or prejudice
 Critical- careful and precise in processing ideas and judgment
 Replicable
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

Basic or pure research- a research that fills in the

knowledge we don’t have. It intends to answer why,
what or how questions but does not have an
immediate use.
Example: How did the universe begin?
Applied research- a research that answers specific
questions aimed at solving practical problems.
Example: A research to treat or cure a specific disease
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Objective/Purpose Understands underlying Expresses data in terms
reasons of numerical values
Gains insights in the gathered from
prevailing trends respondents

Sample Comes in small numbers Comes in large numbers

Data Analysis Minimal to no use of Requires the use of
statistics statistical tests
Outcome Inconclusive and needs Findings are conclusive,
further studies before usually descriptive in
recommending any nature.
course of action
GROUP DISCUSSIONS!
Question:
How do you use research in your
daily life?
RESEARCH PROCESS
IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Research problems may be

in the form of questions that
need to be answered at the
end of the research activity
FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS AND DESIGNING
THE STUDY

A hypothesis is an intellectual
guess or tentative answer to the
research questions.
Ahypothesis serve as a guide
toward designing the research
methodology
GUIDE IN CONTRUCTING AN APPROPRIATE
STUDY DESIGN

From whom will your data come?

Where are you going to collect your data?
When and until when do you plan to gather
your data?
How are you going to facilitate the whole
research activity?
COLLECTING OF AND ORGANIZING DATA

Data collecting is the process

of gathering information by
means of a defines method in
order to support the hypothesis
ANALYZING DATA AND TESTING HYPOTHESIS

Data analysis is the process of examining

data against the preconceived hypothesis
Ifthe data gathered supports the
hypothesis, then the hypothesis cannot be
rejected
Qualitative research seldom use statistical
analysis
INTERPRETING DATA

Gathered data must be interpreted

correctly to make the research
relevant.
MEMBER-CHECKING- is a technique
used by researchers to help improve
the accuracy of the data that was
gathered
REPORTING RESULTS

Public dissemination of results

may give rise to further
questions or research problems
to be undertaken by interested
parties
THE RESEARCH PROCESS

 Identifying the research

problem
 Formulatinghypothesis and
designing the study
 Collectingof and
organizing data
 Analyzingdata and testing
hypothesis
 Interpreting data
 Reporting results
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESFUL
RESEARCHER

Curious Active

Efficient Practical

Logical Inventive
Honest
Effective
Cost-efficient