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CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
Definitions of Criminal Investigation
• Arts
• Science
• Arts and Science or The
Harmonized Definition
ART
• CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION- is an art which deals
with the identity and location of the
offender and provides evidence of his
guilt through criminal proceedings
• it is not governed by rigid rules of laws
but most often
• it is governed by intuition, felicity of
inspiration and to a minor extent by
chance.
SCIENCE
1.Information
2.Interview / Interrogation
3.Instrumentation
INFORMATION – is the knowledge, which
the investigator gathered and acquired from
written sources and other persons.
Rapport
Forceful Personality
Breadth of Interest
A good investigator must have the qualities of
a salesman, an actor and a psychologist.
Interview of witnesses
victim
complainant
Person at the scene (passers, balot vendor)
Persons in the vicinity of crime scene – the
neighbor
THE INTERVIEW FORMAT
I – identity
R - rapport
O - opening statement
N - Narration
I – inquiry
C- conclusion / evaluation as to the accuracy and
credibility of the witness.
Character Traits of the interrogator
• General knowledge
• Alertness
• Perseverance
• Integrity
• Logical mind
• Ability in observation and interpretation
• Self-control
• Playing a part
Purpose of Interrogation
• Preliminary Conduct
• Distracting Mannerism – anything that
will distract attention
• Language
• Dress
• Dominate the Interview
• Limit presence of other persons
• Place- the room must have psychological
advantage.
Documenting the Interrogation
Voluntariness
Confident and sincere.
Straight forwardness
Being cooperative
THE 3rd I’s of Criminal investigation
1. anonymous informant
2. rival-elimination informant
3. false informant
4. frightened informant
5. self-aggrandizing informant
6. mercenary informant
7. double crosser informant
8. woman informant
9. legitimate informant
Motives of Informants
a. vanity (pride) b. Civic Mindedness c. fear
d. repentance e. avoidance of punishment
f. gratitude or gain g. competition h. revenge
i. Jealosy j. remuneration
*TRACING AND LOCATING THE CRIMINAL
Tracing is the application of all procedures for the search of
persons. Many of the steps suggested for identifying the suspect will
also lead to his location.
Sources of information
Receiving information can be stimulated by friendly cooperation
with other officers and agencies.
@ The habit of jotting down notes and keeping permanent records
regarding aliases, places of residence, hangouts, habits and police
records of potential and professional criminals will be found invaluable.
@ Visiting to local bureaus f criminal information and identification
in securing the F.F:
1. Modus Operandi 2. Rogue’s Gallery 3. Criminal record and
Fingerprint classification files.
Surveillance - is the covert observation of places, persons
and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information
concerning the identities or activities of the subject.
KINDS OF SURVEILLANCE
1. Surveillance of place
2. Tailing or Shadowing
3. Undercover investigation or “Roping”
@ Surveillance of Places
The crimes which requires this type of surveillance are gambling,
abortion, prostitution, illegal sale of drugs or alcohol, dishonesty
among employees or infidelity.
Purpose / Objectives
In tailing by automobile, 2 cars are more effective than one car. And at
least 2 persons in each car.
2. Disguising the car, change the appearance of the car by placing or removing
stickers, windshield adornments, shifting headlights from dim to bright,
rearranging the seats of occupants, changing the occupant’s cloths.
BASIC COMPONENTS
Strip Method
Double Strip Method
Spiral Method
Zone Method
Wheel Method
METHODS OF SEARCHING THE CRIME SCENE
Selection of a Search method – to insure a thorough and complete inspection
for possible evidence.
2 kinds of Sketch
1. Rough sketch
• Sketch of locality
• Sketch of grounds
• Sketch of details
Elements of sketching
• measurement
• compass direction
• essential Items
• scale of proportion
• legends – explanation of any symbol used to identify object.
• Title - this includes case identification, victim, scene
portrayed, location, date and time when it was made and the
name of the sketcher.
RECOGNIZING POTENTIAL EVIDENCE
A–
1. Search the crime scene in clockwise manner, from outer
perimeter to center or any method of search can do.