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F
xF
W
xW
1- Enriching Section
Steps:
(XD,XD)
• Feed is saturated vapour
• No. of stages in bottom
section =0
• Get point of intersection
of bottom section and
q-line directly
• Draw the top section
operating line.
XW XF XD
2- Stripping Section
D
• Used in case when it’s needed to xD
V’
yr’
W
L’ xW
xo’
2- Stripping Section
Steps:
• Feed is saturated liqiud
• No. of stages in top
section =0
• Get point of intersection
of top section and
q-line directly
• Draw the bottom section
operating line.
XW XF XD
3- Multiple Feeds
Generally F1 is saturated liquid, and F2 V
yo
is saturated vapour.
L D
The column can now be divided into xo xD
W
L’’ xW
xo
3- Multiple Feeds
Since we assumed constant molar flow V
yo
rates in the column, we can say that:
L D
L’=L+F1 xo xD
V’=V L V
F1
xF1
And L’ V’
L”=L’ F2
xF2
V’=V”+F2 L” V”
V”
To draw the middle section operating yr
xD
Steps: R 1
Top section operating line
as it is
(XW,XW)
XW XF2 XF1 XD
3- Multiple Feeds
Middle line starts from the
end of the top section and (XD,XD)
XW XF2 XF1 XD
3- Multiple Feeds
The slope of any operating
line is L/V in the section it (XD,XD)
represents.
So in the middle section
slope is L’/V’ L’/V’
As we know
xD
L’=F1+L and V’=V
R 1
Where
L=D*R and V=L+D=(R+1)D (XW,XW)
L’ W
xo xW
4- Upper Side Product
V
To get Operating line of the middle section do yo
MB on the loop:
L D
V=L+S+D xo xD
V.yn+1=L.xn+S.xS+D.xD S
xS
(equation of st. line as S,D,xS,xD are constants) L
xn
V
yn+1
F
This line starts at the intersection of the top xF
V’
yr
L’ W
xo xW
4- Upper Side Product
Steps:
(XD,XD)
1. Side product is saturated
liquid.
2. Feed q-line is drawn
whatever its state
3. Draw the top section line
S .xS D.xD
x y XW XF XS XD
SD
5- Bottom Side Product
V
• The column will be divided into 3 yo
V’
yr
L’ W
xo xW
5- Bottom Side Product
V
To get Operating line of the middle section do yo
MB on the loop:
L D
L’=V’+S+W xo xD
L’.x’m+1=V’.y’m+S.xS+W.xW
F
(equation of st. line as S,W,xS,xw are constants)
xF
L’
This line ends at the intersection of the V’
Xm+1
S
xS
V’
yr
L’ W
xo xW
5- Bottom Side Product
Steps:
(XD,XD)
1. Side product is saturated
liquid.
2. Feed q-line is drawn
whatever its state
3. Draw the top section line
xD
We need to use theR 1
equation of the middle
section to draw its operating
(XW,XW)
line.
XW XS XF XD
5- Bottom Side Product
Back to equations:
(XD,XD)
L’=V’+S+W L’-V’=S+W
L’.x’m+1=V’.y’m+S.xS+W.xw
We know a point on the line
and need to get another
point to draw it
The easy point is on 45 line x D
L’.x=V’.x+S.xS+W.xW R 1
(L’-V’).x=S.xS+W.xW x=y
(S+W).x=S.xS+W.xW (XW,XW)
S .xS W .xW
x y XW XS XF XD
S W
6- Open Steam
• Used in cases when the feed V
yo
contains water, so heat is added to
L D
column in the form of direct heating xo xD
W
xW
6- Open Steam
Operating line of bottom section: V
yo
L’+S=V’+W L’-V’=W-S L D
xo xD
L’.x’m+1+S.yS=V’.y’m+W.xW
(W-S)x=W.xW S
W .xW
x y
W S
W
xW
6- Open Steam
Steps:
(XD,XD)
1. Draw the top section line
2. Draw the q-line
3. Locate the point derived
on the 45o line
4. Draw the bottom section
line. xD
Here the bottom section willR 1
end at a point (xw,0) W .xW
W S
a)
D=F-W=100-15=85 Kmol/hr
xD=(F.xF-W.xW)/D=(100*0.7-15*0.1)/85=0.806
T, C 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
PBo, mmHg 760 877 1016 1068 1344 1532 1800
PTo, mmHg 205 345 405 475 557 645 760
X 1 0.78 0.58 0.48 0.26 0.13 0
Y 1 0.90 0.78 0.678 0.46 0.26 0
1
b)
0.9
NTS= Reboiler + 4.6
0.8
c) 0.7
Qr=mst.lst=V’.lr 0.6
lr is calculated at yr
0.5
lr =0.2*7360+0.8*7960
lr =7840 Cal/gmol 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
V’=???
Slope of operating line is L’/V’=1.1667
And
W+V’=L’ 1
0.9
Get L’ and V’
0.8
V’=90 kmol/hr
0.7
L’=105 Kmol/hr
0.6
L’/V’
0.5
V’
y’m
L’ 0.4
x’m+1 V’
y’m
L’ 0.3
x’m
0.2
V’
yr
0.1
W
L’ xw 0
X’1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Finally
Qr=90*7840=705600 Cal/hr= 2949.408 KJ/hr
lst=2130 KJ/Kg
2949.408 =2130*mst
mst= 1384.7 Kg/hr