LEVEL OF INTERVENTION

Muji Sulistyowati
 Pengertian
• Kelompok sasaran pada intervensi program
promosi kesehatan dan pendidikan kesehatan
• Simons-Morton, et al :
– Terdapat 5 kelompok sasaran (Societal level)
– Dengan 4 tempat kegiatan (Practice settings)
 Targets of Objectives Mediators Intervention
Intervention Approaches
INDIVIDUAL Health behaviors Knowledge EDUCATIONAL
-students Attitudes -Teaching
-workers Skills -Reinforcement
-patients Practices -counseling
-residents
INTERPERSONAL Practices Knowledge TRAINING
-friends Support Attitudes
-family Reinforcement Skills
-providers Practices
-important others
SOCIETAL Programs Knowledge SOCIAL CHANGE
-citizens Practices Attitudes -Social marketing
-activists Policies Skills -Resource develpm
-leaders Resources Practices -social action
Community organiz
 Lanjutan…..

Targets of Objectives Mediators Intervention

Intervention Approaches
ORGANIZATIONAL Programs Knowledge ORGANIZATIONAL
-decision makers Practices Attitudes CHANGE
-planners Policies Skills -consulting
-implementers Resources Practices -networking
-organizational dev

GOVERNMENTAL Programs Knowledge POLITICAL ACTION

-decision makers Practices Attitudes -Lobbying
-planners Policies Skills -policy advocacy
-implementers Resources Practices -interest group
pressure
 Individual Level Intervention
• The modification of health behavior and
related factors through motivational
procedures, skills training, communication
strategies and education techniques on one-
to-one basis (Elder et al, 1994)
• Teori : HBM, TRA/ TPB
 Group Level Intervention
• … are those which emphasize the interpersonal
process (include interactions with friends,
relatives & others) as a part of the health
promotion effort (Elder et al, 1994)
• Lebih efisien dan efektif
• Tiap individu dalam kelompok dapat belajar dari
anggota yang lain
• Ada “social network” untuk meningkatkan
“difusi”
• Teori : Social Learning theory, social network,
social support
 Organizational Level
• Emphasize individual (and group) behavior in
the context of membership or participation in
an organization
• Perubahan dalam organizational level bisa
dilakukan secara terpisah atau bersama-sama
seiring dengan perubahan perilaku individu
atau kelompok sebagai anggota
 Community Level
• Involve changes in the community’s social
and/or physical environment in such ways as
to promote individual, group and/or
organizational health
• Teori :
– Community building & community oganizations
– Theories of organizational change
 referensi
• Simons-Morton, Bruce G., et al, Introduction
to Health Education & Health Promotion,
1995, Waveland Press, p.151-185
• Elder, et al, Motivating Health Behavior, 1994,
p.198-249
• Glanz, et al, Health Behavior & Health
Education, Theory, Research & Practice, 1997
 Practice Settings

Level School Worksite Health Commu

Care nity
Institution
Individual

Interpersonal/
Societal
Organizational

Governmental