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Chapter 8
DC Motors
|
1
2
8
3
N 7
S
6 4
5
Insulation Copper
Rotor Ir_dc segment
Winding
field. |
6
3
S
brushes, commutator 5
4
and coils.
• The interaction of the Insulation
Rotor Ir_dc
Copper
segment
magnetic field and rotor Winding
2
v 30 v Vdc
• The force is perpendicular to
1
b
both the magnetic field and
conductor Ir_dc
2
direction, the commutator changes v 30 v Vdc
1
the current direction, which b
from segment 1, B
• This reverses the current direction a
2
passes the neutral zone. v 30 v Vdc
1
• The result of this current reversal is b
field. b
• A turbine or other v
Ir_dc
machine drives the rotor.
(a) Rotor current flow from segment 1 to 2 (slot a to b)
• The conductors in the
slots cut the magnetic flux B
lines, which induce a
2
v 30
v Vdc
• The coil has two sides:
1
b
one is placed in slot a, the
other in slot b. Ir_dc
(b) Rotor current flow from segment 2 to 1 (slot b to a)
v
• The conductors in slot b Ir_dc
are cutting the field lines (a) Rotor current flow from segment 1 to 2 (slot a to b)
exiting from the rotor to
the south pole. B
• The cutting of the field a
2
v 30 Vdc
the conductors. v
1
• The voltages generated in b
v
voltage in b is positive, and in Ir_dc
a is negative. (a) Rotor current flow from segment 1 to 2 (slot a to b)
• The positive terminal is
connected to commutator B
segment 2 and to the a
conductors in slot b. S N
2
v 30
v Vdc
• The negative terminal is
1
connected to segment 1 and b
neutral zone: 1
– Conductors in slot a are S 30
N Vdc
2
then moving toward the
south pole and cut flux lines b
the coil. S N
2
v 30
v Vdc
• The voltage induced in a
1
is now positive, and in b is b
negative.
Ir_dc
(b) Rotor current flow from segment 2 to 1 (slot b to a)
(Vdc) polarity is v
unchanged. Ir_dc
2
conductors in slot a. v 30
v Vdc
1
– The negative terminal is
b
connected to segment 2 and
to the conductors in slot b. Ir_dc
(b) Rotor current flow from segment 2 to 1 (slot b to a)
Mechanical Electrical
power in power out
Dg
v ag B g D g
2
Dg
Eag 2 N r B g v 2 N r B g N r B g Dg N r ag
2
E ag N r ag N r K1 I f K m I f
E ag Vdc I ag Ra Vbrush
Mechanical
power out
E am K m I f 2 nm
K m I f E am Vdc I am Rm
The current is calculated from this equation. The output
power and torque are:
Pout
Pout Eam I am T K m I am I f
Iam Im DC Power
supply
Eam max Rf
Vdc
If
Pout
Im DC Power
Rf supply
Eam
Vdc
max
Pout
Iam Im DC Power
Rfs supply
Eam
max Vdc
Rfp Ifp
Pout