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BATUAN SEDIMEN
Rocks Cycle Weathering
All rocks exposed
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
Transportation at earth’s surface
undergo…
Deposition Uplift and exposure
Compaction and
Lithification
Where do the sediments form?
Resistance of Minerals to Weathering
the effect of mineral composition
on the resistance to weathering
Olivine
Discontinuous branch Most readily
Continuous branch
to weathering
Ca-rich
Pyroxene
Temperature decreases
Ca-Na-rich
Amphibole
More resistant
Na-Ca-rich to weathering
Biotite
Na-rich
K-feldspar
Muscovite
Most resistant
to weathering
Origin/introduction
b. sorting / pemilahan
degree of similarity in particle size
(tingkat keseragaman ukuran besar butir)
HUBUNGAN SORTASI, DERAJAT PEMBUNDARAN
DENGAN JARAK TRANSPORTASI
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
c. Kebulatan/pembundaran (roundness)
degree of roundedness (derajat pembundaran)
adalah tingkat kelengkungan dr setiap tepi fragmen/
butiran
Well-sorted Poorly-sorted
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
d. Kemas (fabric)
adalah sifat hubungan antar butir, kesatuannya
didalam satu masa dasar atau diantara semennya.
f. Kekompakkan
adalah merupakan tingkat kekerasan dari batuan.
Istilah yg digunakan :
- sangat kompak
- kompak
- sedang
- buruk (mudah diremas)
Effects of Compaction, Cementation on Sediments
On mud
On poorly-sorted
sediments
On well-sorted sediments
TEKSTUR BATUAN
SEDIMEN
g. Fragmen (Clast)
adalah merupakan butiran
penyusun batuan yg
berukuran lebih besar dari
matrik (pasir sangat kasar
hingga bongkah).
MATIRKS/MASSA DASAR
adalah butiran yg lbh halus
dari fragmen, terbentuk
bersama fragmen pada saat
sedimentasi.
Batuan Sedimen Deditrus / Klastik
Breksi Konglomerat
Batupasir Shale/serpih
Sedimentary rocks
Sandstone
composed of sand grains
Breccia
2 types of precipitation
- inorganic
- organic
Sedimentary rocks
Limestone
10% of all sedimentary rocks (by volume)
Chert
very fine grained silica
Evaporites
water evaporates and dissolved stuff is deposited
Coal
buried and compacted plant material
different kinds of coal, depending on formation process
Sedimentary Environments
BAGAN KLASIFIKASI BATUAN SEDIMEN
Halus : Kasar :
BATULANAU DETRITRUS BREKSI
BATULEMPUNG KONGLOMERAT
SERPIH BATUPASIR
Sedimentasi mekanis
KALKARENIT
NAPAL
BT.GAMPING KLASTIK
OOLIT
KARBONAT BT.GAMPING
BIOKLASTIK
DOLOMIT
BATUGAMPING
Sedimentasi BT.GAMPING Sedimentasi
kimia KRISTALIN TERUMBU organik
SILIKA BATUBARA
EVAPORIT
RIJANG RADIOLARIT
HALIT, GIPSUM GAMBUT, LIGNIT
DIATOMEA
ANHIDRIT BATUBARA, ANTRASIT
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Mudstones
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Sandstones
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Conglomerates
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:
Breccias
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks:
Formed by Precipitation from Aqueous Solution
1. The Evaporites
a. Halite (NaCl)
b. Calcite (CaCO3)
2. Precipitated Silica
Chert
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks:
Formed from Plants Material: The Coal
Inundated
swamp or Bituminous coal
Peat Lignite
marsh (soft coal)
2. Fossiliferous limestone
3. Coquina
4. Chalk