English

for
Academic Purposes
EAP

 focuses instruction on skills required to

perform in an English-speaking
academic context across core subject
areas generally encountered in a
university setting
STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
 Academic texts are typically formal.
 Have a clearly structured introduction,
body and conclusion
 Include information from credible sources
and which are properly cited
 include list of references used in
developing the academic paper
STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Three-part essay structure
 the reader is introduced to the topic that will be
discussed and to the argument that will be presented
 thediscussion/analysis is carried out and the results
are presented
 theargument is summed up and conclusions are
drawn
INTRODUCTION

to provide the reader with a clear

idea of the focus and aim of the
text
 the topic of the essay/article will
be presented in the introduction,
often accompanied by a thesis
statement (the claim that the writer
wishes to make)
INTRODUCTION

provides the context/background

of the argument
introduces the theoretical
perspectives, terminology, etc.
that will be used
explains how the writing will be
organized
INTRODUCTION
Success is much more than riches,
power or fame. Success is simply the
feeling of satisfaction and happiness
one gets from leading a particular
way of life or carrying out a particular
activity.
BODY

where the essay's (or article's)

argument, ideas and results are
developed and discussed
 BODY
Success in any field or aspect of life can only be
achieved through serious hard work and a little bit
of opportunity. One of the most important recipes
of success is determination and it might as well be
the most important secret of success. To become
successful, it is necessary to never give up until the
aim of happiness and satisfaction in life is fully
met.
CONCLUSION

should not contain any new facts

or ideas, but rather function as a
brief restatement of the main
arguments and facts that have
been treated in the essay
CONCLUSION

The happiness and satisfaction can be

found in very different things in different
people.
ACADEMIC WRITING
process that starts with:
Posing a question
Problematizing a concept
Evaluating an opinion
Answering the question/questions posed
or
Clarifying the problem or
Arguing for a stand
PURPOSES
 to inform

 to argue a specific point

 to persuade
 Features
of
Academic Texts
FORMALITY
 should avoid colloquial, trite and idiomatic words
or expressions.
Kind of like, as a matter of fact, I need to go to
the John.

 choosing one verb form over two-word verbs.

damage instead of mess up
LET US TRY TO REWRITE THE FOLLOWING
STATEMENTS TO PRACTICE FORMALITY:

Teachers say that a lot of incoming freshman

students are interested in sports activities.

Writing can’t be done effectively if you don’t

burn the midnight oil.

Parenting is a 24/7 job.

 OBJECTIVITY
Writing must be impersonal and maintain a
certain level of social distance

Objectivity can be achieved by:

1. Avoiding personal pronouns such as I, you and
we.
 OBJECTIVITY
Objectivity can be achieved by:
1. Avoiding personal pronouns such as I, you and
we.

You need to conduct the experiment

The researchers need to conduct the

experiment.
OBJECTIVITY
Objectivity can be achieved by:
2. Avoiding rhetorical questions as it marks
closeness with the reader, and constantly seeks
his/her attention.

How can these problems be solved?

Certain measures must be discovered to solve
the problems
OBJECTIVITY
Objectivity can be achieved by:
3. Avoiding language that shows biases and
lessens objectivity.

The investigators were very shocked to see the

outcome of the tests.

The investigators did not expect the results.

LET US TRY TO REWRITE THE FOLLOWING
STATEMENTS TO PRACTICE OBJECTIVITY:

I believe that incidence of drug overdose has

indeed become prevalent nowadays. I think
that they can no longer bear the problem
and that is why they get into drugs.
EXPLICITNESS
 it is the responsibility of the writer in English to
make it clear to the reader how the various
parts of the text are related

 appropriate use of signposts

EXPLICITNESS
EXAMPLE:

It is apparent that the government hopes

to provide assistance to the poor. However,
giving dole outs to the poorest of the poor
does not work in the long term
SUPPLY THE MISSING SIGNPOSTS TO THE
FOLLOWING STATEMENTS TO PRACTICE
EXPLICITNESS:

MERALCO has been operating as a business

conglomerate involving foreign stakeholders
and independent power producers or IPP.
__________, MERALCO owns major IPPs
operating in the region.
SUPPLY THE MISSING SIGNPOSTS TO THE
FOLLOWING STATEMENTS TO PRACTICE
EXPLICITNESS:

The Filipino masses are poor, __________ they

are happy.

__________ these sentences are grammatically

correct, they do not possess sophistication of
an academic writer.
CAUTION
 requires care since knowledge is built from
proven theories and concepts.
 avoiding sweeping generalizations

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE CORRUPT.

CAUTION
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE CORRUPT.

Some government officials may be corrupt. (modal

verbs)

Corruption is commonly linked to some key

government officials. (adverb)

A number of government officials tend to be linked

with corruption. (verb)
WHICH STATEMENT SHOWS CAUTION?

 The results contradict Meyer’s findings.

The results appear to be different from


Meyer’s findings
IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBLITY

you must be responsible for, and must be

able to provide evidence and justification
for, any claims you make.
You are also responsible for demonstrating
an understanding of any source texts you
use
 WE ARE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER!

Identify the part of an essay given to your

group.

Write if it is the intro, body or conclusion