SESSION :-2016-2019

Submitted to : - submitted by:-

Mrs. ASHWANI TOSHAR MANMOHAN MEENA
(HOD of EE DEPT.) B.TECH. 3rd YEAR(6th SEM)
EE :16ECIEE007
Department of Electrical Engineering
Compucom Institute of Technology & Management
Sitapura, Jaipur (Raj.)
• CONTENTS :
*General discussion on substation
*lightning arresters
*Wave trap
*Busbar
*Transformers
-Potential transformer
-Current transformer
-Power transformer
-Station transformer
*Transformer cooling
*isolators
*circuit breakers
*Protective relays
-Bucholz relay
*Earthing
*Insulators
*power line carrier communication
*Capacitor bank
*Control room
*Battery room
*Single line diagram of 132 KV GSS NANGAL-SHERPUR
General discussion :
Substation :- A substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity
generation, transmission & distribution system where voltage is trans
ferred to high to low or the reverse using transformers.
A substation generally have switching, protection and control equipme
nt & one or more transformers.
TYPES :-
(a). Transmission substation
(b). Distribution substation
Transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines.
Distribution substation transfer power from transmission system to t
he distribution system of an area.

•.
 Lighting Arresters
*Lightning arresters is a protective device which provides protection against high voltage
from lighting.
A lightning arrester has two terminals viz a high voltage terminal and a ground terminal.
It is used only for overhead line.
* ZnO type L.A.is mostly used.
WAVE TRAP
 BUS BARS
Definition :A bus bar is a conducting bar that carries heavy currents to supply sever
al electric circuits.
When a number of generators or feeders operating at the same voltage level to be dir
ectly connected electrically, bus bars are used as the common electrical component.
Bus bars are copper rods or thin walled tubes and operate at constant voltage.
TYPES OF BUS BARS :
> Main bus bar
> Auxiliary bus bar
One bus bar is main Bus bar & another is spare or Auxiliary Bus bar.
When any apparatus become faulty which is directly connected
to main bus bar then we use Auxiliary Bus bar to keep supply
continue.
 TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one el

ectrical circuit to another electrical circuit by means of a common magneti
c circuit.
TRANSFORMERS USED IN GSS :
POWER X-MER
C.T.
PT.
STATION TRANSFORMER
 POWER TRANSFORMER
* To step-down the voltage and transfer power from one A.C.
voltage to another A.C. Voltage at same frequently.
MAIN PARTS OF POWER TRANSFORMER:
*windings (H.V. & L.V.)
*core
*tap-changer
*conservator tank
*Bucholz relay
*Dehydrating breather
*Oil temperature indicator
*windings temperature indicator
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Current transformer is an instrument transformer used to pr
otection & metering of high values of current.
* Current Transformer :- A C.T. Is used to step-down current
for measurement, control and protection.
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
* Potential transformer :-
Potential transformer is an instrument transformer. A P.T. is used to step-down voltage f
or measurement, control and protection.

Potential transformer
 C.V.T.
CVTS are special kind of PTs using capacitors to step-down th
e voltage. A Capacitor voltage transformer(CVT) or Capacitan
ce coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) is a transformer used i
n power system to step-down extra high voltage signals and p
rovide a low voltage signal for measurement or to operate a
protective relay.
 TRANSFORMER COOLING
* ONAN
Oil Natural Air Natural
*ONAF
Oil Natural Air Forced
 ISOLATORS
* Isolators are designed to open a ckt under no load. Its mai
n purpose is to isolate portion of ckt from the other & is not i
ntended to be opened while current is flowing in the line.
*Isolators can be opened either manually or automatically o
nly after current has been interrupted by some other control
device.
*Isolators are of two types :
-Off load isolator
-On load isolator
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
A circuit breaker is a peace of equipment which can :-
>break a ckt automatically under fault conditions.
>make a ckt either manually or by remote control under fault conditions.
PRINCIPLE :-A ckt breaker essentially consists of fixed and moving contacts, called elec
trodes. Under normal operating conditions, these contacts remain closed and will not
open automatically until & unless the system becomes faulty. When a fault occurs on
any part of the system, the trip coil of the breaker gets energised & moving contacts a
re pulled apart by some mechanism. Thus opening the circuit.

Fig. SF6 circuit breaker

 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLASSIFICATION

* Oil circuit breakers

*Air-blast circuit breakers
* Sulphur hexafluoride circuit breakers
* vacuum circuit breaker
Under training SF6, Air-blast & vacuum circuit breakers were used in the GSS.

Fig. SF6 circuit breaker

 PROTECTIVE
*A protective relay is a sensing device
RELAYS
and it is designed to detect operating
conditions on an electric circuit.

*It trips the circuit breaker when fault

is detected.
 BUCHHOLZ RELAY
Definition :-Buchholz relay is a gas actuated relay. It can only be fitted to the transfor
mers equipped with conservator tanks as it is installed in b/w the conservator tank a
nd the main tank i.e. the pipe connecting the two.
Principle :- whenever a fault occurs inside the transformers, the oil of the tanj gets ov
erheated and gases are generated.
The heat generated by the high local current causes the transformer oil to decompos
e and produce gas which can be used to detect the fault.
Operation :- When a fault occurs, heat is produced due to the current leakage, some
of the oil in the transformer tank evaporates and some vapours collect in the top of t
he chamber while passing to conservator tank. When a predetermined amount of va
pours accumulate in the top of the chamber, the oil level falls, and so closes the alar
m circuit of the relay and rings the bell. Thereby, the operator knows that there is so
me fault occurred in the transformer.
BUCHHOLZ RELAY PICTURE
 EARTHING
Connection of an electric equipment
to the earth with the help of connecting
rod or wire of negligible resistance is
known as earthing.
METHODS OF EARTHING
ARRANGEMENTS AT 132 KV GSS :-
*pipe earthing
*plate earthing
 INSULATORS
In order to avoid current leakage to the earth, through the su
pporting structure provide to the conductor of overhead tran
smission lines, Insulators are used.
 POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
For exchange of dates and transfer of message between grid s
ubstation, voice communication is necessary. For this purpose
high frequency carrier current is transmitted on same transmi
ssion line on which power is transmitted.
Hence such communication is called "power line communicati
on".

Fig. : power line carrier

communication picture
 CAPACITOR BANK
Capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of power sup
ply and the efficient operation of power system. Studies show
that a flat voltage profile on the system can significantly reduc
e power losses.
 CONTROL ROOM
C&R PANEL
To remote control of power switch gear requires the provision of suitable control plate
s located at a suitable point remote from immediate vicinity of CBs & other equipmen
ts.
 BATTERY ROOM & CHARGER
In a GSS, separate D.C supply is maintained for signaling remote position control, alar
m circuit, relays etc. There is a battery room which has 15 batteries of 12V.

Batteries chargers
 Feeders
* Incoming feeder:132 KV feeder from shri mahaveer ji
*Outgoing feeders : *132 KV feeder to Gudachandra ji
* seven 33KV outgoing feeders
(a). 33KV to Kamalpura
(b). 33KV to Nangal-Pahari
(c). 33KV to jagdeespura
(d). 33KV Singhaniya
Three proposed feeders

Manmohanmeena7861@gmail.com