MITIGATION STRATERGIES

FOR FLOOD DAMAGE

INDEX
• What is Flood
• What is Flood Mitigation
• Causes of Flood
• Mitigation Strategies
• Flood Damage Analysis
Flood
• A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually
dry.
• It is caused by high flow, or overflow of water in an established
watercourse, such as a river, stream, or drainage ditch; or ponding of
water at or near the point where the rain fell.
• This is a unpredictable – duration type – natural and inevitable event.
Flood Mitigation
• the flood mitigation involves the management and control of flood
water movement, such as redirecting flood run-off through the use
of floodwalls and flood gates, rather than trying to prevent floods
altogether.
• It also involves the management of people, through measures such as
evacuation and dry/wet proofing properties.
Causes of Flood
• Uncontrolled unplanned urbanization - Unauthorized colonies , Poor Water and Sewerage
Management
• Deforestation + Population pressure
• Lack of Flood Control Measures
• Lack of attention to the nature of hydrological system
• Slope Failures
• Type of River
• Intensity of Rainfall
• Topography
• Sedimentation of River/Reservoir
• Obstructions in River flow
• Contraction in River
• Seismic effects
 MITIGATION STRATERGIES
• STRUCTURAL MITIGATION :-
1. Reservoirs -Flood gates
2. Levees
3. Flood wall
4. Floodways
5. Flood bypass
6. Watershed
7. Cut-off
8. Rain Water Harvesting
9. Channel improvement
10. Drainage improvement
11. Watershed management
• NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION :-
1. Flood plain zoning
2. Flood forecasting
3. Flood proofing
4. Mathematical modelling
5. Response planning
6. Modifying loss burden
STRUCTURAL MITIGATION STRATERGIES
Reservoirs & Flood gates -
 Reservoirs can moderate the intensity and timing of the incoming
flood.
 Floodgates are used to control the flow of water and can be a part of
flood prevention.
 Floodgates are often incorporated into reservoir, river, stream, levee,
or storm surge systems.
 Water flow can be either partially restricted or completely stopped,
depending on the water level and desired effect.
 Expensive & potential error .
Levees -
 A levee is a barrier built to keep a river, or other
waterway away from people or sensitive habitats.
 Important considerations -
First, it is important not to remove too much
floodplain storage. Excess removal could restrict
flood waters and slow drainage upstream.
Second, levees are designed to protect an area
from a certain flood level and storm intensity. If
these levels are exceeded, a levee may be
overtopped or may fail completely.
Third, in order for a levee to continue functioning
properly and provide security for those behind it, a
levee should be regularly inspected and maintained
Floodwall -
 When construction space is low
then a flood wall is implemented
to protect low lying area.
 Does not reduce the flood flow
but reduce spilling
 Acts as a retaining wall
 Section : Rectangular trapezoidal
 Sheet piling
Watershed Management -
 Long term effect
 Examples
Afforestation
Contour farming
Check dams
Gullying
Bank protection
Diversion drains
Flood ways -
 Low lying are(depressions ) along the river course is known as
floodways.
 Connected to natural channel or artificial channel
 Temporary storage
 Can be used for agriculture other than flood.
 Do not reduce the flood flow but reduce spilling
NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION STRATERGIES
Flood plain zoning-