Ubuntu 18.

04 LTS
Desktop Installation
 Canonical has released its latest and stable version of
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on 26th April 2018. Code name for this
release is “Bionic Beaver” and it has come up with
various interesting features. In this presentation, we will
be looking about how to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS in a
desktop.
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS – New Features:
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS has been released with a lot of new features and
improvements, some of the important features are listed below:
 Support and Updates of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS for next 5 Years (April 2023)
 New latest and stable Linux Kernel version 4.15
 Installer offer a new option of “minimal Installation”
 Updated LibreOffice 6.0
 The Bionic Beaver supports attractive and beautiful color emojis
 18.04 LTS also comes with a new Suru icon theme that will make your
desktop much more colorful
 Updated GNOME (3.28) desktop environment
 XORG is the new default display server and replaces Wayland
 Fast and improved boot speed
 Along with other major improvements and bug fixes
Minimum System Requirement for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
(Desktop)
 2 GB RAM
 Dual Core Processor (2 GH)
 25 GB free Hard disk space
 Installer Media (DVD or USB)
 (optional) Internet Connectivity if you are planning to download
third party software and updates during the installation
Step-by-Step Guide to Install Ubuntu
18.04 LTS on your Laptop or Desktop
 Step 1) Download Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ISO File
Please make sure you have the latest version of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, If not,
please download the ISO file from the link here
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Since Ubuntu 18.04 LTS only comes in a 64-bit edition, so you can install it
on a system that supports 64-bit architecture.
 Step 2) Create a Bootable Disk
Once the ISO file is downloaded then next step is to burn the downloaded
ISO image into the USB/DVD or flash drive to boot the computer from that
drive.
Also make sure you change the boot sequence so that system boots using
the bootable CD/DVD or flash drive.
Step 3) Boot from USB/DVD or Flash Drive
Once the system is booted using the bootable disk, you can see the
following screen presented before you with options including “Try Ubuntu”
and “Install Ubuntu” as shown in the image below,
Even though when you click “Try Ubuntu” you can have a sneak peek into
the 18.04 LTS without installing it in your system, our goal here is to install
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS in your system. So click “Install Ubuntu” to continue with
the installation process.
Step 4) Choose your Keyboard layout
Choose your favorite keyboard layout and click “Continue”.
By default English (US) keyboard is selected and if you want to
change, you can change here and click “Continue”,
Step 5) Preparing to Install Ubuntu and other Software
In the next screen, you’ll be provided following beneath options including:
Type of Installation: Normal Installation or Minimal installation, If you want a minimal installation then select
second option otherwise go for the Normal Installation. In my case I am doing Normal Installation
Download Updates While Installing Ubuntu (select this option if your system has internet connectivity
during installation)
Install third party software for graphics and Wi-Fi hardware, MP3 and additional media formats Select this
option if your system has internet connectivity)
Step 6) Select the appropriate Installation Type
Next the installer presents you with the following installation options including:
 Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu
 Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security
 Use LVM with the new Ubuntu installation
 Something Else
Where,
Erase Disk and Install Ubuntu – Choose this option if your system is going to have only Ubuntu and erasing
anything other than that is not a problem. This ensures a fresh copy of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is installed in your
system.
 Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security – Choose this option if you are looking for extended
security for your disks as your disks will be completely encrypted. If you are beginner, then it is better
not to worry about this option.
 Use LVM with the new Ubuntu installation – Choose this option if you want to use LVM based file
systems.
 Something Else – Choose this option if you are advanced user and you want to manually create your
own partitions and want to install Ubuntu along with existing OS (May be Windows or other Linux
Flavor)
In this article, we will be creating our custom partitions on a
hard disk of 40 GB and the following partitions are to be
created:
 /boot 1 GB (ext4 files system)
 /home 18 GB (ext4 file system)
 / 12 GB (ext4 file system)
 /var 6 GB (ext4 file system)
 Swap 2 GB
Now, Choose “Something Else” and Click on continue
You can see the available disk size for Ubuntu in the next
window as shown below:
Now in order to create your own partitions,
click on “New Partition Table”
Click on Continue
Create /boot partition of size 1GB, Select the free space and
then Click on the “+” symbol to create a new partition

Click on “OK”
Let’s create /home partition of size
18 GB,
In the same way create / & /var file
system of size 12 GB & 6 GB respectively
Now create last partition as swap of size 2 GB,

Click on OK
Once you are done with the partition creation
task , then click on “Install Now” option to
proceed with the installation
Now click on “Continue” to write all
the changes to the disks
Step 7) Select Your Time zone
Choose your favorite time zone and then click
on “Continue”
Step 8) Provide your User Credentials
In the next screen you will be prompted to provide your user credentials. In
this screen provide your name, computer name, username and the
password to login into Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Then, Click “Continue” to begin the installation process.

Step 9) Start Installing Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
The installation of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS starts now and will take
around 5-10 mins depending on the speed of your computer,
Step 10) Restart Your System
Once the installation is completed, remove the USB/DVD from
the drive and Click “Restart Now” to restart your system.
Step:11) Login to Your Ubuntu 18.04 desktop
Once your system has been rebooted after the installation
then you will get the beneath login screen, enter the User
name and password that you have set during installation
(Step 8)
And that concludes our step by step installation guide for
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and it’s all up to you now to explore the
exciting features of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and have fun
HOW TO DO BASIC OPERATIONS IN UBUNTU
 Browse files and folders
Use the Files file manager to browse and organize the files on your computer. You can also use it to
manage files on storage devices (like external hard disks), on file servers, and on network shares.
To start the file manager, open Files in the Activities overview. You can also search for files and
folders through the overview in the same way you would search for applications.
 Exploring the contents of folders
 In the file manager, double-click any folder to view its contents, and double-click or middle-click any file
to open it with the default application for that file. Middle-click a folder to open it in a new tab. You can
also right-click a folder to open it in a new tab or new window.
 When looking through the files in a folder, you can quickly preview each file by pressing the space bar
to be sure you have the right file before opening it, copying it, or deleting it.
 The path bar above the list of files and folders shows you which folder you’re viewing, including the
parent folders of the current folder. Click a parent folder in the path bar to go to that folder. Right-click
any folder in the path bar to open it in a new tab or window, or access its properties.
 If you want to quickly search for a file, in or below the folder you are viewing, start typing its name.
A search bar will appear at the top of the window and only files which match your search will be shown.
Press Esc to cancel the search.
 You can quickly access common places from the sidebar. If you do not see the sidebar, click Files in the
top bar and then select Sidebar. You can add bookmarks to folders that you use often and they will
appear in the sidebar. Drag a folder to the sidebar, and drop it over New bookmark, which appears
dynamically, or click the window menu and then select Bookmark this Location.
 Copy or move files and folders

A file or folder can be copied or moved to a new location by dragging and dropping with the
mouse, using the copy and paste commands, or by using keyboard shortcuts.
For example, you might want to copy a presentation onto a memory stick so you can take it
to work with you. Or, you could make a back-up copy of a document before you make
changes to it (and then use the old copy if you don’t like your changes).
These instructions apply to both files and folders. You copy and move files and folders in
exactly the same way.
 Delete files and folders
If you do not want a file or folder any more, you can delete it. When you delete an item it is
moved to the Trash folder, where it is stored until you empty the trash. You can restore items in
the Trash folder to their original location if you decide you need them, or if they were
accidentally deleted.
 To send a file to the trash:
1. Select the item you want to place in the trash by clicking it once.
2. Press Delete on your keyboard. Alternatively, drag the item to the Trash in the sidebar.
The file will be moved to the trash, and you’ll be presented with an option to Undo the
deletion. The Undo button will appear for a few seconds. If you select Undo, the file will be
restored to its original location.
To delete files permanently, and free up disk space on your computer, you need to empty the
trash. To empty the trash, right-click Trash in the sidebar and select Empty Trash.
 Delete files and folders (cont’d)

 Permanently delete a file

You can immediately delete a file permanently, without having to send it to the trash first.
 To permanently delete a file:
1. Select the item you want to delete.
2. Press and hold the Shift key, then press the Delete key on your keyboard.
3. Because you cannot undo this, you will be asked to confirm that you want to delete the file or
folder.
 Rename a file or folder

As with other file managers, you can use Files to change the name of a file or folder.
 To rename a file or folder:
1. Right-click on the item and select Rename, or select the file and press F2.
2. Type the new name and press Enter or click Rename.
3. You can also rename a file from the properties window.
When you rename a file, only the first part of the name of the file is selected, not the file
extension (the part after the last .). The extension normally denotes what type of file it is (for
example, file.pdf is a PDF document), and you usually do not want to change that. If you
need to change the extension as well, select the entire file name and change it.
 Open files with other applications
When you double-click (or middle-click) a file in the file manager, it will be opened with the
default application for that file type. You can open it in a different application, search online
for applications, or set the default application for all files of the same type.
To open a file with an application other than the default, right-click the file and select the
application you want from the top of the menu. If you do not see the application you want,
select Open With Other Application. By default, the file manager only shows applications that
are known to handle the file. To look through all the applications on your computer, click View
All Applications.
If you still cannot find the application you want, you can search for more applications by
clicking Find New Applications. The file manager will search online for packages containing
applications that are known to handle files of that type.
 Open files with other applications
(cont’d)
 Change the default application
You can change the default application that is used to open files of a given type. This will allow you
to open your preferred application when you double-click to open a file. For example, you might
want your favourite music player to open when you double-click an MP3 file.
1. Select a file of the type whose default application you want to change. For example, to change
which application is used to open MP3 files, select a .mp3 file.
2. Right-click the file and select Properties.
3. Select the Open With tab.
4. Select the application you want and click Set as default.
If Other Applications contains an application you sometimes want to use, but do not want to make
the default, select that application and click Add. This will add it to Recommended Applications.
You will then be able to use this application by right-clicking the file and selecting it from the list.
This changes the default application not just for the selected file, but for all files with the
same type.
Open applications for devices or discs
You can have an application automatically start when you plug in a device or insert a disc or
media card. For example, you might want your photo organizer to start when you plug in a
digital camera. You can also turn this off, so that nothing happens when you plug something
in.
To decide which applications should start when you plug in various devices:
1. Open the Activities overview and start typing Details.
2. Click on Details to open the panel.
3. Click Removable Media.
4. Find your desired device or media type, and then choose an application or action for that
media type. See below for a description of the different types of devices and media.
5. Instead of starting an application, you can also set it so that the device will be shown in the file
manager, with the Open folder option. When that happens, you will be asked what to do, or
nothing will happen automatically.
6. If you do not see the device or media type that you want to change in the list (such as Blu-ray
discs or E-book readers), click Other Media…to see a more detailed list of devices. Select the
type of device or media from the Type drop-down and the application or action from
the Action drop-down.
 Safely remove an external drive
When you use external storage devices like USB flash drives, you should safely remove them before
unplugging them. If you just unplug a device, you run the risk of unplugging while an application is
still using it. This could result in some of your files being lost or damaged. When you use an optical
disc like a CD or DVD, you can use the same steps to eject the disc from your computer.
 To eject a removable device:
1. From the Activities overview, open Files.
2. Locate the device in the sidebar. It should have a small eject icon next to the name. Click the eject
icon to safely remove or eject the device.
Alternately, you can right-click the name of the device in the sidebar and select Eject.
 Safely remove a device that is in use
If any of the files on the device are open and in use by an application, you will not be able to safely
remove the device. You will be prompted with a window telling you Volume is busy. To safely remove the
device:
1. Click Cancel.
2. Close all the files on the device.
3. Click the eject icon to safely remove or eject the device.
4. Alternately, you can right-click the name of the device in the sidebar and select Eject.
Thank you so much!!!
THIS REPORT WAS PRESENTED BY:

JESSIE DIAMANTE
LORY-ANN NONAT
RONELO CAOL-OLAN
CHRISTINE ANN ANDIANO
NOEBITH FLORES