“Teachers have three

loves; love of learning,

love of learners, and
the love of bringing the
first two loves
together.”
Scott Hayden
CHILD AND
ADOLESCENT
DEVELOPMENT
Chapter One
Why do we need to study
child and adolescent
development?
CONCEPTS TO STUDY:

The nature of the child and the adolescent

learner
Physical and motor development
Cognitive development
Linguistic and literacy development
Social and emotional development
Objectives:
 to identify the principles on child and
adolescent as learners
 to distinguish the characteristics of the different
developmental stages in the life of children
 to enumerate the laws and rights for/of
children
 to express personal commitment on the issue
about the situation of the Filipino child
 PRINCIPLES ON
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
AS LEARNERS
CHAPTER I

Who is the child and

adolescent learner?
PRINCIPLES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AS LEARNERS

1. The child or adolescent should among other things be

considered as a living human being.

- He undergoes the processes of growth and

development.
- Hereditary and environmental factors (Nature vs
Nurture)
PRINCIPLES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AS LEARNERS

2. The three elements– increase in size, differentiation of

structure, and alteration of form– constitute something
more than simple growth.

- Growth is only one aspect of the process of

development.
PRINCIPLES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AS LEARNERS

3. No two individual as the learners we are studying about

are exactly alike.

- Each of them grows in a unique fashion within the limits

that his heredity and environment permit.
PRINCIPLES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AS LEARNERS

4. Science now knows that all children grow in much of

the same pattern: rapidly at first, then more slowly, but
very quickly indeed when puberty arrives.

- This pattern has variation in the child’s overall speed of

growth, in the ages at which he grows most rapidly, and
trajectory he followed to reach his destined height.
PRINCIPLES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AS LEARNERS

5. Learners respond rapidly to different academic stimuli.

- This means children are reacting in not the same way

with other children.
- Ex: One may like Math but the other one may not.
PRINCIPLES ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AS LEARNERS

6. Nearly all human behavior is learned rather than

inherited.

- Man is much less a creature of instinct than any other

animal.
Expectations on each Stages of
Children’s Growth and
Development
•Early foundations are critical.
•All individuals are unique.
•Each stage has its own characteristics.
•Each stage has its own hazards.
•There are expectations for each stage.
•The various aspects of growth and
development are interrelated.
•Children construct their knowledge.
•Development cannot be separated from its social
context.
•Learning can lead to development.
•Language plays a central role in mental
development.
 STAGES OF
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 Late
Adulthood
Middle
Adulthood
John Santrock’s Early Adulthood
Developmental
Adolescence
Stages
Middle /Late
Childhood
Early Childhood
Infancy
Pre-natal Period
STAGES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:

 Early Childhood (between 2-6 years old)

Late Childhood (between 6-12 years old)

 Adolescence (between 13-18 years old)

CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY
CHILDHOOD STAGE
 problem age or troublesome
age
 toy age
 pre-school age
 pre-gang age
 exploratory stage
 questioning stage
 creativity stage
CHARACTERISTICS OF LATE
CHILDHOOD STAGE
 troublesome age
 sloppy age
 quarrelsome age
 elementary school age
 critical period in the
achievement drive
 gang age (age of
conformity)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENCE
STAGE

 “Adolescere” – “to grow” or

“to grow to maturity”
 Period of change
 heightened emotionality
 changes in their bodies,
interest, roles
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENCE
STAGE

 feeling of instability (ambiguous

expectation from parents)
 change in values
 independence without
responsibility
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENCE
STAGE
 Problem age (solve problem
on their own)
 Time for search for identity
(gender preference, status
symbol)
 Time of unrealism (want to be
like others)
DIFFERENCES IN BOYS AND GIRLS
 THE SITUATIONS OF
FILIPINO CHILDREN AND
YOUNG PERSONS
 THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

 to life
 right to a name and a nationality
 right to protection from violence
 right to education
 right to freedom of thought
 Question

What are the situations (negative) that

Filipino Children are involved
nowadays? What are possible causes
of such problems?
 Article 2, Section 13

“The state recognizes the vital role of the

youth in nation building and shall promote
and protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual and social being. It shall
inculcate in the youth patriotism and
nationalism and encourage their
involvement in public and societal affairs.”
 LAWS PROTECTING CHILDREN

 Republic Act 9344 (The Act Establishing a

Comprehensive Juvenile Justice and Welfare System)
- Exempts children 18 years old and below from criminal
liability.
- They will only be subjected to an intervention program.
 LAWS PROTECTING CHILDREN

 Republic Act No. 7610 (The Special Protection of

Children against Child Abuse)

- protects children against child prostitution and other

sexual abuse, child trafficking, obscene publications
and indecent shows
- In the person of DSWD
 LAWS PROTECTING CHILDREN

 Republic Act No. 7658 (An Act Prohibiting the

Employment of Children below 15 years of age. )

- Protects children from being hired as workers in

whatever establishment.
 LAWS PROTECTING CHILDREN
 The Rights of the Child (5 rights ratified during UN
Convention on the rights of a Child)
 Filipino Children: Child 21 (prioritizes Children in
allocation and utilization of resources; protection)
 Republic Act No. 8049 (An Act Regulating Hazing
and other forms of Initiation Rites)
 Republic Act No. 8353 (Anti-Rape Law)
-THE END-