Looking Inside the

Sentences
HELLO!
Fadila Ayu Safitri
Yaudho Mauturamadhan

2
What we’d like to present……

❑ Auxiliaries
❑ Clause
❑ Nominalization and Serialization

3
What is
sentence ?
4
 A sentence can be simply defined as a group of related words that
contain at least a subject and a predicate. A sentence refers to a string
of words that are organized in accordance with certain rules (Aars,
2001, p 8). A sentence can be classified based on its structure, function
(purpose), and voice.

5
According to structure
Simple Sentence
One main clause
Example :
Joshua does his assignment.
Complex Sentence
Contain one main clause
and one or more
subordinate clause.
Example :
Tom will go to party [after he
finishes his assignment]
Compound Sentence
Two or more main clauses
(separated with
conjunction).
Example :
Joshua and John do their
assignment.
Compound Complex Sentence
Contain two or more main clause and one or
more subordinate clause.
Example :
The doctor [who examined my friend last Monday]
is now on vacation, and my friend still stays at home
[since he must have a few days for bed rest]
6
According to Function or Purpose

❑ Declarative sentence
❑ Interrogative Sentence
❑ Imperative Sentence
❑ Exclamatory Sentence

7
According to Voice

❑ Active
❑ Passive

8
Phrase

A phrase is simply define as a group of related words having no subject

and no predicate. A phrase must contain at least two words, such as good
girl, very well, absolutely good, etc.

Noun Phrase
Adjective Phrase
Verb Phrase
Adverb Phrase
Preposition Phrase

9
1

Auxiliaries
Main Verbs and Auxiliary
Auxiliary will appear before the main verbs.
For instance :
I can read many books in a day.

Auxiliary Main verbs

11
 Modal Auxiliaries Have and be Auxiliaries
- May/might Am, is, are, was, were, have, has,
- Will/would have been, has been, had, had been
Present/Past
- Shall/should
- Can/could
- Do/does/did
Main verbs Auxiliary be

Examples : Examples :
No past form - Must
1. Dan isn’t sure about 1. I am walking alone.
that. 2. We’re just leaving.
2. I had a cold 3. They have been
yesterday. attending her party.

Modal + to - Ought to
infinitive - Need to

12
2
Clause
 Type of
clause

Subordinate
Main Clause
Clause

Example :
You buy flowers (main clause) because you love me. (subordinate clause)
 Compliment Clause

Matrix Clause Embedded Clause

Example :
- My friend claimed [(that) Ceri liked chips)
- I Wondered [whether/if Lee had gone]
- They want [to leave before breakfast]

15
 Subordinate Clause

Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverbial Clause

16
Subordinate clauses have some distinctive
properties:

Complimentizer Finite Clause Non-finite Clause

17
How to indicate subordinate clauses ?

1. Pick out all the main verbs

2. Try and decide which of the subordinate clauses are
adjuncts and which are complements.

Examples :
a. When Kim got on the train, someone said she’d left her rucksack in
the middle of the platform on a trolley.

18
3
Nominalization and
Serialization
Let’s start with the first set of slides
1. Nominalization

Nominalizations are nouns that are created from adjectives

(words that describe nouns) or verbs (action words). For
example, “interference” is a nominalization of “interfere,”
“decision” is a nominalization of “decide,” and “argument” is a
nominalization of “argue.”
Example :
The factory doesn’t operate on Sunday.
=>There is no operation in the factory on Sunday.
2. Serialization

The terms "serial verbs", "serialization", etc. are used by different

authors to denote somewhat different sets of constructions. There
are also differences in how the constructions are analyzed, in
terms of both syntax and semantics.

Example :
Musa came took knife.
 Musa came to take knife.
THANKS!
Any questions?

22