Sine Anatomi Nihil Medicinae..

Tidak Ada Ilmu Kedokteran Tanpa Anatomi

Terminologi
Anatomi
Body Planes, Sections, and
Cavitites
Body planes
• Body is 3D

• Can be split into

three planes

– Sagittal
– Coronal
– Transverse
• Anatomical Plane and section.
– Perpendicular to long axis.
- Transversal = horizontal = cross sectional.
– Paralel to long axis.
- Sagital. Sagital section separate right and
left of body portion at equal size.
- Parasagital . Para sagital separate right and
left body portion at anequal size.
- Frontal = coronal section separate anterior
and posterior of the body
Sagittal Plane
• Plane splitting the body
into two parts (left and
right)

• Sagittal section is a cut

made longitudinally
along the body

• If it splits into two equal

parts = midsagittal
Coronal Plane
• Plane which splits
body into anterior
and posterior
section

• Ie. Facelift
 Transverse Plane
• Separates body
along horizontal
plane

• Also called a cross

section

• Will divide an
organism into
superior and inferior
parts
Body Cavities
Cavities
• Opening within body
which protects internal
organs, and allows
transfer of
materials/information

• 2 Divisions
– Dorsal
– Ventral
 Dorsal Cavities
• Made up of two smaller
cavities

• 1) Cranial Cavity –
holds and protects
brain
• 2) Spinal Cavity –
column which runs
through vertebra and
protects spinal chord
Ventral Cavities
• Divided into two
cavities

• 1) Thoracic – chest
area (holds heart,
lungs, and diaphragm)

• 2) Abdominopelvic –
lower torso (holds
digestive and
reproductive organs)
Selaput Perut

Tulang dada
 Cranial

Caudal

Proximal

Distal
 Anatomical Terminology
• Directional. pusar

– Anterior = front ---- navel is on the anterior of the trunk.

– Ventral = belly side ---- navel is on the ventral surface.
– Posterior = behind ---- spine is on the posterior of the body.
– Dorsal = back = behind.
– Cranial = toward the head --- Chest is cranial to the
abdomen.
– Superior = above ( when referring to standing human body
superior is equivalent to cranial)
pinggul pinggang
– Caudal = toward the tail ----- the hips are caudal to the waist.
– Inferior = below; at a lower level. --- the knees are inferior to
hips.
– Medial = toward the mid line
– Lateral = away from midline
– Proximal = toward the central of the body
– Distal = away from the central of the body.
– Superficial = toward body surface.
– Profundus = away from body surface.
 Superficial

Profundus
 Tulang dada

tungkai

kandung kemih

moncong
nnnnnnnnnnnn
 Abreviation
a. = arteri = artery
v. = vena = vein
n. = nervus = nerve
m. = musculus = muscle
aa. = arteriae = arteries
vv. = venae = veins
mm. = musculi = muscles
nn. = nervi = nerves.
 Terminologi Struktur
• Bagian yang meninggi :
– Tuber =bulatan yang menonjol
– Tuberculum =tuber kecil
– Tuberositas =tuber dg permukaan
kasar
– Condylus =bulatan besar pd ujung tulang
yg bersendi
– Epicondylus =bulatan kecil di atas condylus
• Spina =bangunan spt duri
• Processus =istilah umum utk tonjolan
• Crista =pinggiran tajam
• Labium =pinggiran berbentuk bibir
• Pecten =pinggiran memanjang
• eminentia =daerah yg meninggi
• Cornu =bagian yg spt tanduk
• Caput =bagian ujung yg membulat
• Capitulum =caput kecil
 Bagian yang cekung
• Fovea =cekungan
• Foveola =cekungan kecil
• Impressio =cekungan akb penekanan
• Fissura =celah
• Incissura =takik
• Sulcus =parit
• Fossa =dataran cekung
• Fossula =fossa kecil
 Istilah utk lubang
• Apertura =lubang masuk suatu rongga
• Osteum =saluran ke dlm rongga lain
• Orificium
• Foramen
• Foramina
• Porus
 Istilah utk saluran/pipa
• Vas
• Canalis
• Canaliculus
• Ductus
• Ductulus
• Tuba
• Tubulus
• Meatus
 Istilah utk rongga
• Sinus =rongga tertutup berisi udara
• Celullae =kumpulan rongga2 kecil
• Cavum =rongga yg berhub dg
rongga lain
• Cavitas =cavum kecil
Movements
– Flexion
– Extension
– Hyperextension
– Adduction
– Abduction
– Prontaion
– Supination
– Retraction
– Protraction
– Elevation
– Depression
– Rotation
– Circumduction
– External Rotation
– Internal Rotation
– Inversion
– Eversion
– Dorsiflexion
– Plantarflexion
– Radial Deviation
– Ulnar Deviation
– Opposition
Movements
Flexion
• Bending a joint or decreasing the angle
between two bones
– In the Fetal Position we are flexing
our joints

Extension
• Straightening a joint or increasing the
angle between two bones
– In the Anatomical Position we are
extending our joints

Hyperextension
• Excessive extension of the parts at a joint
beyond anatomical position.
Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
Movements
Adduction
• Moving a body part
towards the midline of the
body

Abduction
• Moving a body part away
from the midline of the
body
Movements
Pronation
• Turning the arm or
foot downward
• (palm or sole of the
foot - down)
• Prone

Supination
• Turning the arm or
foot upward
• (palm or sole of the
foot - up)
• Supine
Movements
Retraction
• Moving a part backward

Protraction
• Moving a part forward

Elevation
• Raising a part
Movements
Rotation
• Turning on a single
axis
Circumduction
• Tri-planar, circular
motion at the hip or
shoulder
Internal rotation
• Rotation of the hip
or shoulder toward
Movements

Lateral Flexion
• Side-bending left or
right
Inversion Movements of the Foot
• Turning the sole of the foot
inward

Eversion
• Turning the sole of the foot
outward

Dorsiflexion
• Ankle movement bringing
the foot towards the shin

Plantarflexion
• Ankle movement pointing
the foot downward
Regional Terms
Medical Terminologi
 Root = Kata Dasar

• Umumnya bahasa Latin

• Umumnya di dapat dari Anatomi
• Diberikan per sistem secara garis besar
 Root
(example: systema digestivus)
• Glandula saliva
• Esophagus
• Gaster
• Hepar
• Lien Kelenjar limfa
• Pancreas
• Intestinum usus
• dst
 Prefix = awalan
• Yang umum ditemukan
• Kata-kata arah ( ab-, ad-, dst)
• Kata-kata jumlah ( mono-, bi-, pan-, mega-)
• Kata-kata yg menunjukkan warna (rubra,
merah
flava, alba, grisea)
Cokelat kyknya putih abu2
• Kondisi : eu-, dys-, iso-,osmo-
 Suffix
• -stasis
• -lysis
• -plasia
• -itis
• -phagia
• dst
Conversion of Suffix.

Single to plural
us i
musculus ---- musculi
um a
ligamentum --- ligamenta
a ae.
vena --- venae
 Examples:
terminologi Prefix Root Suffix

osteophorosis ossa phoros

is

gastritis gaster itis

bicephal bi cephal
 Range of Motion
1. Hip _Abduction_________________
__________________________
2. Hip _Adduction_________________
__________________________
3. Hip _Flexion___________________
__________________________
Knee _Extension________________
________________________
Ankle ________________________
_Plantarflexion____________
4. Wrist _________________________
_Extension________________
(a) _Hyperextension_____________
__________________________
(b) _Flexion____________________
__________________________
5. Hip _Flexion___________________
__________________________
Knee _Flexion__________________
________________________
Ankle ________________________
_Dorsiflexion______________
6. Forearm (a) _Supination__________
___________________
Forearm (b) _Pronation__________
___________________
7. Shoulder _Circumduction_________
______________________
8. Shoulder _Elevation_____________
______________________
9. Jaw _Protraction________________
__________________________
10. Shoulder _Rotation______________
______________________
 QUIZ

1. Red arrow :
2. Blue arrow
3. Green arrow
4. The areas on the front and
back of the hand are

A. Palmar and dorsal

B. Dorsal and distal
C. Dorsal and distal
D. Proximal and palmar
E. Distal and proximal
5. The areas of the hand which are
closer to the body are referred to as
_____ and those further away are
referred to as ______ respectively.

A.distal and proximal

B.Dorsal and proximal
C.Proximal and distal
D.Palmar and distal
E.Cranial and caudal
6. The Transverse Plane divide the body
into _______ and ______ portions

choose the MOST correct answer below

A. Top and bottom

B. Posterior and anterior
C. Superior and inferior
D. Proximal and distal
E. Lateral and medial
7. The coronal plane divides the body
into _____ and _____portions

A. Left and right

B. Posterior and anterior
C. Above and below
D. Medial and proximal
E. Dorsal and caudal
 8. The terms used to describe areas
that are, for instance, close to the
surface of the skin or further inside the
body are ______ and _______ .

A. Superficial and profundus

B. Dorsal and ventral
C. Cranial and caudal
D. Palmar and dorsal
E. Anterior and posterior
Selamat Belajar .