INTRODUCTION

What is lighting simulation?

Lighting simulation is technique for presentation of lighting conditions in determent space

with help of different computing technologies.

We can divide them in following categories:

1. High quality rendered with real/fake layout of lighting.

2. Real time rendered with fake layout of lighting.
Explanation of what every category means-

1. High quality rendered with fake layout of lighting is technique for presentation of 3D
model with help of basic lights: spot, point and direct lights.
 The point is to make layout of lights just to achieve reality of modelled object and
surrounding space.
 It’s very fast for computing and give us very good results in output.
 Best software - Pixar’s Render man and Mental Image’s Mental ray.

2. Real time rendered with fake layout of lighting is very known method which we call
VR (virtual reality).
 It uses basic lights and illumination.
 It is based on rendering engines which exploit power of VGA and non-floating point
computing,
 Accuracy is low.
 This method is in wide use for development of 3d video games.
 SOFTWARES – Luxion, Redshift, Maxwell, Realizzer etc.
What is physically accurate lighting simulation technique?
It is rendering technology that realistically simulates the way in which light interacts in an environment. That means layout of lights
are same the like in real-world, there is no need for fake lights (back lights, fill lights, main lights). Lights can be basic or photometric
lights.

What is photometry?
Photometry is a technique which was developed to measure light
taking into account the psycho-physical aspects of the human
eye/brain system. Four photometric quantities are used in the
lighting simulation system:
 Luminous flux
 Illuminance
 Luminance
 Luminous intensity

SIMULATION TECHNIQUES
There are four kinds of light simulation techniques
1. Ray Tracing
2. Radiosity based
3. Based on Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo computation methods
4. Hybrid ((Radiosity and Ray Tracing) and (MC, QMC and Ray Tracing))
1. RAY TRACING
One of the first global illumination algorithms to be developed.
The algorithm works by tracing rays backward, from each pixel on the screen
into the 3D model.
In this way, we compute only the information needed to construct the image.
Advantages-
very versatile algorithm (large range of lighting effects it can model).
Accurate results of direct illumination, shadows, specular reflections (for example,
mirrors), and refraction through transparent materials.
Disadvantages-
expensive and slow for environments of even moderate complexity. In ray tracing it is recognized that while there may be
does not account —diffuse inter reflections. billions of photons traveling about the room, the photons
images often appear flat. we primarily care about are the ones that enter the eye.
Softwares – Arnold, RayViz, TracePro, OSLO etc.
2. RADIOSITY
Rather than determining the color for each
pixel on a screen, radiosity calculates the
intensity for discrete points in the environment.
rendering based on an detailed analysis of
light reflections off diffuse surfaces.
Radiosity is typically used to render
images of the interior of buildings, and can
achieve extremely photo-realistic results for
scenes that are comprised of diffuse reflecting
surfaces. The images that result from a radiosity renderer
Softwares- AGI32, ReluxDesktop, DIALux, are characterized by soft gradual shadows.
Radiance etc.
WHAT IS MEANT BY ENERGY SIMULATION TECHNIQUE?
INTRODUCTION
• Energy simulation is a computer-based analytical process that helps building owners and designers to evaluate the energy
performance of a building and make it more energy efficient by making necessary modifications in the design before the
building is constructed. Use of energy simulation software is necessary to show compliance with Indian Energy Conservation
Building Code (ECBC)

THE ABOVE FIG SHOWING ENERGY SIMULATION TECHNIQUES

A BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION MODEL
COMPRISES OF:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING GEOMETRY AND

MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERNAL LOADS IN THE BUILDING, EG,

LIGHTING, EQUIPMENT AND PEOPLE

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

THAT OPERATE TO MAINTAIN COMFORTABLE CONDITIONS

DESCRIPTION OF SCHEDULES AND CONTROLS TO CHARACTERIZE

THE INTERNAL LOADS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
OVERVIEW OF A ENERGY SIMULATION OF A BUILDING
 BUILDING MODEL

• Much of the effort in developing the model for an energy

simulation analysis is in describing building geometry. This
includes
•
• Describing the overall building envelope and geometry,
i.e.., number of floors, orientation
• Describing physical and thermal properties for the
construction of each building element
• Describing the location, size and the thermal, optical and
solar properties of windows
• Describing permanent shading devices attached to the
building, aut0matic window blinds and details of their
operation
• Describing objects that might cast shadow on the building
being simulated, e.g., surrounding buildings
• Describing spaces or "thermal zones" and their relative
location, and relationship with the HVAC system design for
the building
MINIMUM MODELING CAPABILITIES
APPROVED SIMULATION PROGRAM
MINIMUM HOURS PER YEAR (8760)
HOURLY VARIATIONS
THERMAL MASS EFFECTS
NUMBER OF THERMAL ZONES ( MIN 10)
PART –LOAD PERFORMANCE
DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS
CORRECTION CURVES
NUMBER OF THERMAL ZONES
• MODELING EXCEPTIONS
All the energy systems of the Proposed Design must be
modeled. The Design, however, does have s exceptions
that may be applied only in rare, special cases.
It is allowable to exclude some components of the
Proposed Design provided they do not affect the energy
usage of the other systems being modeled trade-off
purposes.
For example, if the service hot water heating system is not
located in the conditioned and if it is not genernting
significant heat gains that affect the HYAC system, then it
may be ignored model.
All systems That arc excluded on this basis, however, must
still meet the prescriptive requirements apply to them.
This exception can help to simplify the modeling
somewhat, but only in ways that will not a the accuracy of
the WB method calculations.
• LIMITATIONS TO SIMULATION PROGRAM