PSC – Basic Principles and Practical Aspects

G S YADAV
PB 2
 Concrete has established itself to be a
universal building material because of its
high compressive strength & its capability
to take any form & shape,
But
 It has low tensile strength, which is
generally compensated by reinforcement
& the resultant composite mass is known
as RCC – Reinforced cement concrete.
 RCC What’s bad about it

 Inevitably Cracks –
– Moment resisted by compression in concrete
above cracks and tension in reinforcement
– Crack widths proportional to strain and
therefore the steel stresses to be limited to low
value
– Loss of stiffness due to cracking
RCC What else is bad about it

 Large deflections
 Unsuitable for large spans as Dead Load
becomes very high
RCC is passive use of the Steel
and concrete which are put
together and the materials act
only after the load are applied
 What is Pre Stressing ?
 It is
intentional application of a
predetermined force on a system
for resisting the internal stresses
due to external loads.

P P
 Thus PSC…….

…is the special reinforced concrete which

makes use of the intrinsic properties of steel
and concrete i.e. using the properties they
are good at
CONCRETE in compression
STEEL in tension
 INITIAL EFFORTS OF
ACHIEVING PSC FAILED
 Mainly because of shrinkage & creep losses
of concrete were not known

 HSC & HSS are necessity for PSC to

become successful so that pre-stress should
be substantially higher than the various
losses.
 EXAMPLE TO SHOW WHY IT
FAILED.
 When ordinary steel is used
Stress = 124 MPa

124
  3
 0.00062
200 x10

Creep + shrinkage loss= 0.00050 (app.)

– Therefore balance strain left is negligible & so is the stress
 When HSS is used
Stress = 1000 or more
1000
  3
 0.0050
200 x10
Even after loses 90% of this strain still will still be available.
 Why PSC is called Active
concrete
 Because steel is tensioned to compress the
concrete so that there is no or hardly any
tension in concrete under the service loads
 This system needs high strength concrete
(brittle) and high tensile steel (ductile)
 Makes effective use of modern high
strength materials
 PSC - Example
a) Zero Pre-stress
w

L B
W=0

w: dead load on the beam including the self

weight
Assuming concrete is brittle and can take zero
tension no load can be carried by the concrete
A= B D I=BD3/12 Z=BD2/6 ft = 0
 PSC – Eccentricity effect
b) Axial Pre-stress P (e=0)

D/2
w P/A M/Z P/A+ M/Z

P
P - + =

L
w= 8ZP/L2A

Pre-stressing force is applied at eccentricity

e= 0 then
M/Z = wL2/8Z = P/A w= 8ZP/L2A
 PSC – Eccentricity effect
c) Axial Pre-stress P (e=D/6)

w P/A Pe/Z M/Z 2 P/A

P
e - + = + =
P
2 P/A
L
w= 16ZP/L2A
Pre-stressing force is applied at eccentricity
e= D/6 then M/Z = wL2/8Z = 2P/A w= 16ZP/L2A
Thus with same pre-stressing force carrying
capacity doubles
 That means :

 Eccentric Pre-stress induces internal bending

moment which opposes the BM due to external
load
 If the pre-stress counter moment Pe is equal and
opposite to the load induced moment all along the
span, each cross section is subjected only to axial
compression i.e. each cross section bears a
uniform compressive stress of P/A.
 No cracking – no deflection – Balanced load stage
 Types of Pre-stressing

 Mainly two types of pre-stressing

1. Post Tensioning

2. Pre Tensioning
 Pre-tensioning or Post-
tensioning
Pre-tensioning Post-tensioning
1. If plant is accessible, this is If plant is too far away or
cheaper the quantum of job at a
(a)Saving in anchorages place is less then this is
(b)Saving in conduits and better
grouting
(c)Centralized production
2. Tendons are to be straight Advantage of curving can
be taken
3. Better quality control More efforts for quality
mostly control
4. Cannot be used for very Can be used for longer
large spans spans
 PRE-STRESSING STEEL as
per CBC

 Uncoated Stress Relieved Strand As Per

IS :6006
 Uncoated Stress Relieved Low Relaxation
Strands to IS : 14268
 Hard Drawn Plain Steel Wires ( Cold Drawn
Stress Relieved Wires) to IS :1785(part-I) 1983
 High Tensile Steel Bars to IS: 2090
 PROPERTIES

TWO WIRE STRAND

THREE WIRE STRAND

 THE TWO WIRE AND THREE WIRE STRANDS ARE

DESIGNATED BY NUMBER OF ELEMENTAL WIRES AND DIA.
OF ELEMENTAL WIRES.
 Nomenclature A-B
– A REPRESENTS NO. OF WIRES IN THE STRAND
– B REPRESENTS DIA. OF INDIVIDUAL WIRE IN THE STRAND
 PROPERTIES
 SEVEN WIRE STRAND

DIA. OF CENTRAL WIRE IS 1.5%

MORE THAN THE SURRONDING
WIRE

– Outer wires enclose inner wire in a helix with a

uniform pitch of 12 to 16 times nominal
diameter
– Nomenclature - A-B e.g. 7 ply 12.7 mm
– A REPRESENTS NO. OF WIRES IN THE STRAND
– B REPRESENTS NOMINAL DIA. OF STRANDS
 WHY HSC FOR PSC
STRUCTURES ?
1. In anchorage area, stresses are very
high ( why) , so high grade concrete is
a necessity
2. To get slender section and control dead
weight (shear is also taken care of by
curved HTS cables so slender section
can give adequate shear strength)
3. To get more ‘E’ (more E means , less
losses due to shrinkage, creep and
elastic shortening)
 WHY HSC FOR PSC
STRUCTURES ?
4. HSC offers higher resistance in
tension, shear, bond and bearing
5. More parts of PSC are subjected to
high stresses as compared to RCC
(Anchor zone, top fiber, bottom
fiber)
 ADVANTAGES OF PSC
1. Better utilization of section hence effective
saving in material (RCC – only part of section
carries compressive stresses).
2. Better shear resistance (curved tendon and
larger concrete area)
3. Lighter & slender members due to high
strength concrete & steel and also due to 2.
4. Less Deflection (curved tendons and more I as
entire section acts)
5. Improved durability – no cracks in concrete
 ADVANTAGES CONTD.
6. Really economical for high spans
7. Better fatigue strength for dynamically
loaded structures ( as section remains un-
cracked )
8. Lower maintenance vis-à-vis steel structures
9. Very suitable for pre-cast construction,
hence faster
10. Safety – Steel and concrete are tested in
service ( as they are subjected to most severe
loading conditions before application of
external loads )
LOSSES OF PRE-STRESS
 Losses are mainly due to

Time dependent
 Shrinkage & creep in concrete
 Creep in steel ( also called Relaxation)

Not dependent on time

 Elastic deformation
 Slip at anchorage
 Friction
 Loss due to shrinkage
in concrete
SHRINKAGE :
 It is reduction in volume due to drying and
chemical changes. It is time dependent but
doesn’t depend upon stress.
 Shrinkage in concrete results in shortening
of HTS wires and hence loss of pre-stress.
 Shrinkage can be minimized by use of high
strength concrete, low W/C ratio and proper
curing.
 Loss due to creep in
concrete

CREEP :
 Long term plastic deformation in concrete due to
sustained loading is called creep.
 It is time dependent deformation due to sustained
stress.
 Creep is directly proportional to applied stress.
 It mainly depends upon age and strength of
concrete at the time of application of pre-stress.
 Creep or Relaxation in steel
Change in stress with time in steel under a constant
strain (elongation) or a plastic flow

 It depends upon
– Applied stress
– Time
– Temp

 Technical creep limit – level of stress when

relaxation is negligible. It is generally 0.5 x fy

 Relaxation at 1000 H at 300C

 Relaxation in steel ..contd

 1000 hr value obtained from manufacturer

– It is 4% for normal steel & 2.5 % for low relaxation
steel
 This is used to obtain value at about 0.5 x 106 hr
( ~ 57 yrs)
 It is = 2.5 times the 1000 hr value for normal steel
& 3.0 times for low relaxation steel
– The above value is at initial stress level of 70% of the
characteristic strength
– It reduces to 0 at 50%. In between values are obtained
from interpolation.
 As per IRS:CBC , the 1000hrs
relaxation loss at 300 may be
assume to decrease linearly from
2.5% for an initial prestress of 70%
of the characteristics strength(UTS)
to 0 for an initial prestress 50% of
the characteristics strength(UTS).
2.5 %

% Relaxation
50% 70% loss at
1000hrs
% of UTS
 Elastic Shortening of
Concrete
 Elastic Shortening is an instantaneous loss

ES = Kes* Es* fcir

Eci
ES – Elastic Shortening of concrete
Es – Modulus of Elasticity of HTS
Eci – Initial Modulus of Elasticity of concrete
fcir – stress in the concrete at the level of steel (pre-tensioned
members Fo = 0.9 Fi for working fcir)
Fi &Fo– Pre-stressing force (Initial and after transfer)
Kes – Factor 1.0 for pre-tensioned and 0.5 for post –tensioned
member
 Elastic Shortening of
Concrete
 Loss due to elastic shortening can be compensated
by extra stressing as this loss is instantaneous and
will not cause any long term stress dependent
effects like creep of concrete and relaxation of
steel.

 In case of Post-tensioned there can be one of the

two approaches
– Stress all tendons to equal initial stress and allow for
average loss per tendon in design
– Overstress all the tendons to a average value of loss per
tendon
 Loss during anchorage

 This loss
– occurs when Pre-stressing force is transferred
from tensioning equipment to anchorage.

– It is particularly important in short members

– It should be cross checked as site & compared

with the values adopted by designer
 LOSS DUE TO FRICTION
 It is due to relative movement of tendon
with surrounding duct while tensioning, if
it is in contact with duct or any spacer
provided.

It is consisting of three parts.

1. Due to friction in the Jack itself.
 It is proportional to Jack pressure
2. Due to length effect of duct
3. Due to curvature in duct
 Losses due to Friction and Anchorage
losses can be compensated by overstressing
at the time of prestressing
 FRICTION DUE TO LENGTH
EFFECT
Px = Po e –Kx = Po (1 – Kx)
where Po = Force at jacking end
K = Constant depending upon type of duct, inside
surface, degree of vibration in concrete
etc.
Generally K = 33 x 10-4 per m but if duct is supported
very carefully it may be taken 17 x 10-4
It depends upon
1. Length of tendon
2. Stress in tendon
3. 
4. Workmanship in profile
 FRICTION DUE TO
CURVATURE
Px = Po e-μx/r = Po (1 – μx/r)
r = radius of curvature
= 0.55 steel on concrete
= 0.30 steel on steel
= 0.25 steel on lead
It depends upon
1. Change of angle
2. Stress in tendon
3. 
 Average losses
Type of loss Pre- Post-
tensioning tensioning
(%) (%)
Elastic Shortening of Concrete 4 1
Creep of concrete 6 5
Shrinkage of Concrete 7 6
Steel Relaxation 8 8
Total Loss 25 20

Loss due Friction and Anchorages have been

considered to be overcome by over tensioning
 SHEATHING
 PROVIDES A DUCT FOR HOUSING STRANDS
(POST TENSIONED CONCRETE)

 COLD-ROLLED COLD-ANNEALED ( CRCA ) MS

/ HDPE.
THEY SHOULD BE FREE FROM RUST AND
NORMALLY OF BRIGHT METAL FINISH

 GALVANISED OR LEAD COATED MILD STEEL

STRIPS FOR AGREESIVE ENVIRONMENT.
 SHEATHING (CRCA)
 THICKNESS -
 0.24 ± 0.02 mm (For dia. upto 51 mm)
 0.30 ± 0.02 mm
(For dia. more than 51 mm & upto 91 mm)

Requirements:
 This should be as long as possible to avoid joints.
 This should be sufficiently watertight to prevent concrete
laitance penetrating into them.
 EMERGENCY CABLES

 Should be symmetrically placed

 Should be capable of generating additional
pre-stressing force of about 4% of design
value
 Stressed only those required to make up
deficiency
 Remaining pulled out & hole grouted
 FUTURE CABLES

 For easy installation at later date

 Provision made in box girders and I girders
to cater for increased pre-stress force
 Provision of 15% (minimum) of design pre-
stressing force.
 Other Stipulations
 Diaphragms in Box Girders
 Minimum vertical clearance inside box girder – 900 mm
 Minimum gap between ballast wall and girder – 600 mm
 Minimum gap between end of girders on piers – 1200 mm
 Size of opening in diaphragms – 600 mm(width) x 900 mm
(height)

 Elastomeric Bearings used for spans up to 30.5 m

 POT/PTFE bearings used for larger spans
Thanks
Practical Aspects of PSC
 In-spite of the good designs…
• There will be problems in the construction due to
• Improper understanding or lack of understanding of the
• basic principles
• Right method of the application of the principles
• Practical aspects of execution (because everything can’t be
reduced to writing)
• In fact the failures enlighten us to highlight the
inconsistencies between assumptions on the paper and
the understanding in the field
Practical problems and remedies
 Specifications of works are based on the theory
and also to a large extent on observations from
minor to major deformations, observed in already
executed works.

 There are many factors which are too difficult to

be precisely laid down. In such cases the decisions
are based on discretion or intuition of the
Engineer-in-Charge or the field executive
 Practical problems and remedies
Broadly there are following four causes of failures.
1. Defective design.
2. Faulty methods or wrong sequence of construction.
3. Natural causes, such as, unanticipated floods, scouring
and settlement of foundations, etc.
4. Sub-standard specifications.

• Majority of the cases of failures are found to be on

account of (2) and (3) above.
 Cable Layout
• Cable layout means
– Deciding about the location of cable at various
section
• Vertical profile
• Horizontal profile
– The locations between which the cable will be in
straight and on curve
• Working out the ordinates at every meter and
at every change of curvature from curved to
straight and vice versa in vertical as well
horizontal plane
 PSC BOX GIRDER
CABLE ARRANGEMENT – MID SPAN

Cable no. 1 to 10 are 12.7mm dia , 7 ply

strands
Cable No. 1 to 9 are 12T13
Cable No. 10 is 4T13
Cable No. 1 Cable No. 1
Cable No. 2 Cable No. 2
Cable No. 3 Cable No. 3
Cable No. 4 Cable No. 10 Cable No. 4
Cable No. 5 Cable No. 5
Cable No. 6 Cable No. 6
Cable No. 7 Cable No. 7
Cable No. 8 Cable No. 8
Cable No. 9 Cable No. 9
 PSC BOX GIRDER
CABLE ARRANGEMENT – END FACE

Cable No. 1 Cable No. 1

Cable No. 2 Cable no. 1 to 10 are 12.7mm Cable No. 2
Cable No. 3 dia , 7 ply strand Cable No. 3
Cable No. 4 Cable No. 1 to 9 are 12T13 Cable No. 4
Cable No. 10 is 4T13
Cable No. 5 Cable No. 5
Cable No. 6 Cable No. 6
Cable No. 7 Cable No. 7
Cable No. 8 Cable No. 8
Cable No. 9 Cable No. 9
Cable No. 10
 Importance of Cable Layout
 Proper moment resisting couple so as to
– Carry the dead and live load moments
– Not to induce tension in the concrete under
dead load as well as live load
 Local Imperfections
– Cause increase in the losses due to friction on
account of the wobble effect
 Friction Loss (Wobble)
The permissible
tolerance in the
location of the
pre-stressing
tendons
(sheathing duct)
shall be ± 5 mm
 Calculation of ordinates
• When cable profile is a combination of
straight and parabola.
 Then calculate ordinates along the cable .
From equation y=kx2+c,
 Calculate ‘k’ by using following equation
i.e. k=(y-c)/x2
Where,
Y=Ordinate at the end of parabola
C=Ordinate at the starting of parabola
X= Total straight length
Calculation of slope & deflection
angle

 Slope at point ‘x’ (in radian)=

Ѳx= tan-1(2K*x)

 Deflection angle

= Angle at end (Ѳend)–Angle at ‘x’

(Ѳx)
 Calculation of cable length
 Total Cable Length

= Inclined length + Curve length +

Straight length

= X1/Cos Ѳend +(X2+2*K2*X23/3) +X3

Where X1,X2,X3 are horizontal

projection of inclined , curved &
Straight portion
END BLOCK DEATAILS
 How Proper Positioning of Cable is ensured

• Cable tends to sag due to its self weight if not

supported properly on reinforcement chairs
and supports
• Cable tends to float and move upwards due to
buoyancy effect when concrete is poured (and
is in liquid form), if not tied down properly
• So cable has to be secured against downward
as well as upward movement unlike
reinforcement
 What else is important
 The angle of the cable at the end
– To provide the proper force
– Not to induce unintended forces causing tensions
in the direction not catered to for in design
 This can be ensured and checked only at the
time of fabrication of shuttering for end block
Why Reinforcement is required in PSC

 In the end block

– To take the local transverse tension around the
tendon behind the anchorage
– To cater for the tension developed between two
or more anchorages, which tends to split the
member
– To distribute the stresses to the larger section
of the concrete at supports
 Why Reinforcement is required in PSC

 In the web for carrying shear

 Shear is carried in PSC by
– the vertical component of tendon
– the concrete section
– vertical reinforcement in the form of stirrups
Why Reinforcement is required in PSC

 At the junction of the web and the flange

– As shear connectors for transferring the forces
for enabling the member to carrying the
moment
– These are required between the bottom flange
and the web
– As well as between the top flange and the web
Vertical Shear
links
STRESSING
OPERATION
 What is important in Stressing?
 Sequencing of the stressing operations in
Post-tensioned construction is important
and that given in the drawing should be
followed.
 If not given in the drawing this should be
asked for from the designer.
GUIDELINES FOR STRESSING

1. Adequate capacity of the jacks be ensured.

2. Oil seals & pipes be checked up
3. Pressure gauge measure pressure.
Pressure = Force / jack area.
4. Mono or multi strand jacks are used.
5. Pre-stressing can be at one or both the ends.
Latter is preferred. Follow drawing
instructions.
6. Control Over speed of pumping. Small
intervals of 20 kg/cm2 desirable.
Sources of errors in PRESTRESSING
1. Indirect measurements of force is done as
direct measurement is not possible. Hence
measurement of elongation is done
simultaneously to verify the force.
2. Jack efficiency is never 100%.
3. High friction inside the jack.
4. Calibration error in the pressure gauges.
5. L.C. 20 kg/cm2 - too high. Use pressure
gauges of L.C. 10 kg/cm2 or less.
 Grouting

 Max. water-to-cement ratio is generally <0.45.

 To reduce shrinkage, expanding agent (of 4-6%
expansion) shall be used.
 Al powder shall not be used as expanding agent
 The grout is pumped.
 Grout shall be screened with 100 Micron size
screen before pumping.
 Grouting

Grouting shall be completed within a week of pre-

stressing.
 Duct shall be cleaned with 1% lime water before
grouting. Thereafter, water in the duct is blown
with compressed air.
 Pumping pressure of grout shall be 0.3MPa.
 After completion of grouting, outlet at the exit end
is closed and pressure is increased to 0.5 Mpa and
maintained for 1minutes before closure of
injection pipe
GUIDELINES FOR STRESSING
contd.
7. Zero correction needs to be ascertained to
know the actual elongation.
8. Decide final value of elongation to be
achieved considering anchorage slip
Anticipate slip (6 mm one side)
9. Pressure and elongation to be achieved are to
be observed simultaneously.
10. Master wedge slip correction also to be
found out.
11. Locking should be only after satisfactory
elongation and pressure have been achieved.
 Identification data

1. Name of work =
Name of contractor =
Name of prestressing agency =

2. Span / girder no. =

3. Cable no. =
 Material test data

4. Strand /wire coil no. =

Tested UTS value =

5. Design Area of Cable (Ad ) = mm2

Measured Area of Cable (Am ) = mm2

6. Design Value of E (Ed) = kg/cm2

Measured Value of E (Em) = kg/cm2
 Material test data
7.Modified elongation :

dXAdXEd
m  mm
AmXEm
8. Jack Area (Aj) = cm2
9. Designed Jack Efficiency (nd) = (1 or
0.95)
10. Measured Jack Efficiency( nf ) = As per
Certificate
 Material test data

11. Pre-stressing design force (Pd ) = t x 103 kg

12. Modified pressure = Pd /Aj x nd /nf kg/cm2
 Approval data
13. Date of casting =
14. Date of pre stressing =
15. Days elapsed (D) = days
D > 3/7/14/28
16. Cube test result = N/mm2
Result > designed value
Hence ok

Approved for prestressing

 Prestressing to start
But just before it
1. Check adequate reserve of pumping fluid
2. Fix jack at both the ends
3. Check that all strands are projecting outside
by sufficient margin
4. Tighten the master wedges of jack
5. Apply initial pull 5-15 kg /cm2 to take out
slackness
6. Also put markers & marking distances from
jack face
 Actual Stressing
Step 1 : Apply 20 kg/cm2 & take first reading
of elongation
Further readings also at interval of 20 kg/cm2
Conscious efforts to make uniform elongation
at both ends. To do this start one or the
other end early.
Step 2: At 50% to 60% target pressure
measure slip on master wedges which
is average 2-3 mm.
Step 3 : At 70-80% of target pressure calculate
zero correction in elongation.
 (80%)   (40)
Zc  x 40
p(80%)  40
Base at 40 kg/cm2
 Step 4: Near 70% pressure calculate final
range of elongation using zero correction
f = {m + ANTICIPATED SLIP + SLIP ON
MASTER WEDGES – zc }

Elongation at both the ends should be

measured and net elongation should be
worked out. Actual net elongation should be
between 0.95 f to 1.05 f
Step 5
Keeping Pressure within 105% of pm, last pull be
made to equalize elongation by monitoring
elongation & pressure.

If criteria of force / elongation is satisfied than

lock & complete the prestressing.
Difference between pressure and
elongation
The difference
between the
elongation and
the pressure
should not be
more than 5%
 Possible Situations
(A) Elongation is leading
Case 1- Elongation > m but < 1.05 m &
Pressure = Pm OK
Case 2- Elongation > m but <1.05 m &
Pressure < Pm but > 0.95 Pm
Increase elongation up to 1.05m & determine value of
pressure.. It will be less than Pm.
Deficiency in pressure to be accounted for in
emergency cable.
Case 3 – Elongation = 1.05  m &
Pressure < 0.95 Pm NOT OK
We have to examine - area of cables, Jack efficiency,
unusual slip, design error etc.
 Possible Situations contd
(B) Pressure is leading
Case 1- Pressure > Pm but < 1.05 Pm &

Elongation = m OK
Case 2- Pressure > Pm but < 1.05 Pm &
Elongation = 0.95 m OK
Case 3 – Pressure = 1.05 Pm &
Elongation < 0.95 m
Check design, if margin in stress level is available,
increase the pressure to get Elongation = 0.95 m
Also examine - area of cables, Jack efficiency, unusual
slip, design error etc
MEASUREMENT OF ELONGATION
PRESTRESSING JACK
POWER PACK
COMMUNICATION FACILTY AT TWO ENDS
VIEW AFTER LOCKING
 Other Important Issues
 Proper Storage of the HTS – HTS coils
should be stored in a closed go-down to
protect it from the harmful effects of
atmosphere and protect it from corrosion
 Use of water soluble oil coating – Insist on
the factory application of the water soluble
oil coating on the HTS to prevent corrosion
 Other Important Issues
 HTS should be handled with great care like
a baby so that it does not get a cut or even a
minor nick. The handling should be done on
raised supports avoiding dragging on
ground.
 Cable should be grouted after stressing
without delay – and in no case it be allowed
to remain un-grouted after 7 days of
stressing.
 One piece side forms (3.25 m tall x 40 m
long) with working platforms & hand railings.
Completed rebar cage being shifted
Rebar cage being lowered on pre-cast bed
within one piece side forms for 40 m long
span.
 One piece side shutters with working
platforms, toe boards, ladders & hand railings
One piece side shutter in position
 Arial view of pre-cast bed for 40 m long pre-
tensioned girders (2 lines each with 3 girders)
 Other Important Issues
 Grouting of the ducts – Non shrink grout or
non shrink admixture to be used (but take
care to use admixtures that do not cause
corrosion like Aluminum salts
 For longer Girders, it is preferable to
provide Air Vents to release trapped air and
ensure complete filling of the ducts with
grout.
 Other Important Issues
 Cutting of HTS after pre-
stressing – HTS should be
cut using the abrasive disc
cutters and in no case using
the gas cutting
 Ends of the HTS after
cutting should be protected
and should be buried in rich
concrete ensuring covering
of the end of the end block
in rich concrete
 Windows in Forms
 Windows/openings should be left
in the formwork for vibration of
the concrete in case of tall
members like web.
 Checking by wooden mallet
should be done continuously
during the concreting particularly
at the difficult locations to ensure
proper concreting
 SINGLE POUR CONCRETE

 123 Cu.m in about 8 hours

 Achieved Using

 Automatic Batching Plant

 Pumped concrete

 Special Shutter arrangement

 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Fixing Side shutters
 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Fixing Web Reinforcement
 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Cable Profiling
 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Fixing inside shutters
 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Fixing Deck slab shutters
 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Fixing Deck slab Reinforcement
 PSC BOX - CYCLE OF ACTIVITIES
 Ready for Concreting
 SINGLE POUR CONCRETE
 Using PUMPED CONCRETE
• 30 cu.m per hour capacity
• Horizontal capacity – 300m
• Vertical capacity – 30m
THANKS