A Presentation

on

“PREVENTION OF STEEL CORROSION IN CONCRETE BY

USING ALLIUM SATIVUM ”

By
SHAILESH ZAWARE
SUNIL DHAGE
NIKHIL MORE
SHAMSHUDDIN TUTAKE

Guide
Prof. S. S. PATIL

Department of Civil Engineering,

STES’s RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, Warje, Pune. 58
 Contents
1. Introduction

2. Problem statement and objectives

3. Literature review

4. Methodology

5. Scope of the project

6. References
 Introduction
• Reinforcement steel is extensively used under different
environmental conditions.

• Chloride, sulphate and nitrate ions in aqueous media are

particularly aggressive and accelerate corrosion

• Among many corrosion prevention measures, application of

corrosion inhibitors play a vital role in metal protection.

• The recent trend is towards environment friendly inhibitors.

• The purpose of our project is to prevent corrosion of steel by

using natural inhibitors.
• Problem Statement:
The problem statement addresses that the need of
corrosion prevention of steel bars in concrete to maintain
efficiency, serviceability and durability of structure.
• Aim:
• To prevent corrosion of steel by using natural inhibitor
“Allium Sativum”.

• Objectives:
• To analyse the effectiveness of Allium sativum (Garlic) to
protect metals from corrosion
• To maintain efficiency of steel
• To find bond strength
• To increase durability of structure
 Literature review
Sr.no Year Author Title Review
1. 2016 Marko “Recent natural This paper provides an overview of types
of corrosion, corrosion process, and
chingondo corrosion inhibitors mainly recent work done on the
for mild steel: An application of natural plant extracts as
corrosion inhibitors for mild steel.
overview”
2. 2016 Miroslav “Corrosion The determination of reinforcement
determination of corrosion using the electrical resistance
Brodoan reinforcement using method of embedded bars in the concrete
The electrical beams in laboratory conditions is
resistance method” described in this paper. Measuring the
changes of electrical resistance of a metal
sample is a method that can be applied for
the non-destructive monitoring of the
corrosion of steel reinforcement in
concrete. The principle of this method is
based on the fundamental theory regarding
the relation of electrical resistance change
onto the cross section size of each
conductor
Sr.no Year Author Title Review
3. 2015 A.M. Al- “Turmeric and Corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) was
ginger as green investigated using weight loss method and
Fakih inhibitors of mild potentiodynamic polarization measurements.
steel corrosion in The efficiency increases with the increase in
acidic medium” the inhibitors concentrations which attains
92% and 91% at 10 g/L of turmeric and ginger,
respectively. Based on the obtained results,
turmeric acts as a better corrosion inhibitor
compared to ginger.
4. 2014 Pallav Shah “Aloe-Vera: A The paper discusses the effect of aloevera as
Green Corrosion green inhibitor on Galvanised iron in HCl and
Inhibitor” H2SO4 solution. inhibitor. Mannose-
6-phosphate is the main constituent of the
aqueous extract of aloevera. It has excellent
inhibition efficiency in controlling corrosion
of galvanised iron in H2SO4 and HCl solution.
Sr.No Year Author Title Review

5. 2014 E.Rodriguez “Allium sativum as In this paper he focused on the following

Corrosion Inhibitor for points, Allium sativum has been proved to be
clemente, Carbon Steel in good inhibitor, reaching its highest efficiency,
Sulfuric Acid” 96% .This reduction in the corrosion rate was
due to the formation of an external layer
formed by S-containing film present in the
extract which was adsorbed physically on the
steel surface.

6. 2012 Aprael Yaro “Apricot juice as These studies reported that there are number
of organic and inorganic compounds which
green corrosion can inhibit corrosion of steel. The corrosion
inhibitor of mild steel protection of mild steel in 1 M H3PO4
solution by apricot juice was studied at
in phosphoric acid”,
different temperatures by weight loss
technique. Apricot juice acts as a corrosion
inhibitor of mild steel with maximum
inhibition efficiency of 75% by forming a
monolayer on metal surface.
 Methodology
• Selection of inhibitor:
• Natural inhibitor: Allium Sativum (Garlic):- Contains sulphur compounds that
gets adsorb on the surface of steel surface protecting steel from corrosion.

• Artificial inhibitor: Turpentine: Used to compare results between two.

• Corrosive medium: HCL is used for accelerated corrosion.

• Test Specimen: TMT bars of 12mm bars

• Tests to be conducted:
1. Weight loss method

2. Electrical resistance method

3. Tension test

4. Electrochemical method

5. Pull out test

 Project work
For test specimen of TMT bar of diameter 12mm we will analyse
the corrosion rate of by performing the tests as mentioned below
NO. TEST CASES SCHEDULE
TMT bar without inhibitor
1. Weight Loss Method TMT bar with natural inhibitor (Garlic) Last week of
september 2018
TMT bar with artificial inhibitor
TMT bar without inhibitor
2. Electrical Resistance TMT bar with natural inhibitor (Garlic) Last week of
Method september 2018
TMT bar with artificial inhibitor
TMT bar without inhibitor
3. Tension test TMT bar with natural inhibitor (Garlic) Last week of
December 2018
TMT bar with artificial inhibitor
4. Preaparation of cubes January 2019
TMT bar without inhibitor
5. Electrochemical test TMT bar with natural inhibitor (Garlic) Second week of
February 2019
TMT bar with artificial inhibitor
TMT bar without inhibitor
6. Pull Out Test TMT bar with natural inhibitor (Garlic) Second week of
February 2019
TMT bar with artificial inhibitor
 Corrosion
Corrosion:
Corrosion is the deterioration of materials by chemical
interaction with their environment.

Fig. Corrosion of reinforcement

Fig. Corroded steel bars
in concrete
 Causes and effects of corrosion
• Causes
a) Quality of concrete
b) Thickness of concrete over
reinforcement
c) Quality of water
d) Condition of reinforcement
e) Effect of environment and
other chemicals
• Effects
a) Loss of efficiency
b) Reduction of metal thickness
c) Structural failure
d) Reduced value of goods due
to deterioration of appearance
e) Loss of technically important
surface properties of a
metallic component
 Experimental Activities

• Selection of the inhibitor

• Methods used for analysis

1. Weight loss method

2. Electrical resistance method

3. Tension test

4. Electrochemical method

5. Pull out test

Selection of inhibitor:-
The choice of the present inhibitor is based on following considerations :
• Environmentally friendly

• Efficient

• Non-toxic

• Less expensive

Natural Inhibitors:-
• Garlic
• Apricot
• Neem
• Potato
• Aloe vera
• Turmeric and ginger
Garlic:
• Chemical Composition:
• 0.1-0.36% of a volatile oil
• At least 33 sulphur compounds like aliin, allicin, ajoene, allylpropl, diallyl
trisulphide, s-allylcysteine, vinyldithiines, S-allylmercaptocystein
• contains 17 amino acids and their glycosides, arginin
• Garlic as Corrosion inhibitor
• Garlic contains a higher concentration of sulphur compounds than any other
Allium species
• compounds responsible for corrosion inhibition-
1. Allicin
2. s-allylcysteine
3. arginin
• The reduction in the corrosion rate was due to the formation of S-containing
film present in the extract which was adsorbed physically on the steel
surface

Fig: Garlic
• Preparation of extract

Garlic extract can be prepared by grinding and filtering approximately

of garlic bulbs and collecting the concentrated liquid extract in glass
container.

This solution is used as inhibitor.

 1. Weight loss method
• Preparation of test specimen

• Select TMT bars of 12mm diameter.

• Clean the specimen to remove dirt and oil by using distilled water.
• Weigh each specimen with the precision of 0.0001 ± 0.1 mg and and note down initial weight.

• Preparation of test solution

1. HCl as corrosive medium:-

Concentration of HCl is varied as 10%, 15% & 20% of total weight of solution to change
the rate of corrosion.

2. Garlic as corrosion inhibitor:-

Garlic extract concentration is varied as 0%, 10%, 20% of total weight of solution to see
the effect on inhibition efficiency.

3. Artificial Inhibitor:

We selected Turpentine as an artificial inhibitor to compare the corrosion inhibition

efficiency between artificial and natural inhibitor.

The concentration of Turpentine is varied same as that of garlic extract.

1. HCl and Garlic Extract

Solution Distilled HCl Garlic Extract

no. water (ml)
% ml % ml
1 450 0 0
10 50
2 400 10 50
3 350 20 100
4 425 0 0
15 75
5 375 10 50
6 325 20 100
7 400 0 0
20 100
8 350 10 50
9 300 20 100
2. HCl and Turpentine:-

Solution Distilled HCl Turpentine

no. ` water (ml)
% ml % ml
1 450 0 0
10 50
2 400 10 50
3 350 20 100
4 425 0 0
15 75
5 375 10 50
6 325 20 100
7 400 0 0
20 100
8 350 10 50
9 300 20 100
• The percentage weight loss was calculated based on the weight loss
measurement by the following equation:

Where Wo and W1 are the initial and final weight of the TMT bars.

• Inhibition efficiency was calculated by using formula given below:

∆Wa= Weight loss without inhibitor

∆ Wb= Weight loss with inhibitor
 2. Electrical resistance method
• Measuring the changes of electrical resistance of a metal
sample is a method that can be applied for the non-destructive
monitoring of the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete.

𝑉
R= (Ω)
𝐼
R=Resistance offered by test specimen
V=Applied voltage
I=Current corresponding to applied voltage
• Before and after performing weight loss method, measure the
electrical resistance of test specimen using digital multi-meter.

• The efficiency is calculated by using formula,

R1
E (%)= X100
Ro

Where,
Ro=Initial Resistance
R1=Final Resistance
 Scope of the project
 Natural corrosion inhibitors can be good alternative to synthetic
inhibitor concerning environmental aspects.

 Synthetic inhibitors are leading to disposal problems, health hazards

and many more. So to overcome such bad results necessity of
developing natural corrosion inhibitors is come forward which are
cheap, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly.

 The present work involves the investigation of corrosion and natural

corrosion inhibitors to avoid corrosion of steel and protect the
structure from failure.
 References
• B. Shyamala Devi, S. Rajendram, “Influence of Garlic extract on the inhibition
efficiency of Trisodium citrate ”, International Journal of chemical science and
technology (ISSN: 2248-9797), Volume-1, Issue 1, 2011
• Cleophas A. Loto, Roland T. Loto, “Inhibition effect of garlic extracts on the corrosion
of alpha brass in nitric acid”, Der Pharma Chemica, 2016, 8(2): 162-171
• K. Rajam, R. Saranya, “Allium sativum (garlic) extract as nontoxic corrosion inhibitor”,
Journal of chemistry, volume 2013, article ID-743807
• Bothi raja, Mohammad Iamail, “Natural corrosion inhibitors for steel reinforcement in
concrete”, Vol.22, No.3, 2015
• Aprael Yaro, Anees Abdullah Khadom, “Apricot juice as green corrosion inhibitor of
mild steel in phosphoric acid”, Alexandria Engg. Journal,(2013)52, 129-135
• E. Rodriguez clemente, J.G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, “Allium sativum as Corrosion
Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid”, Int. J. Electochem. Sci., Vol.9, 2014
• Marko chingondo, Fidelis Chigonda “ Recent natural corrosion inhibitors for mild steel:
An overview”, Journal of chemistry, volume 2016, article ID-6208937
• C. A. Loto, R. T. Loto and A. P. I. Popoola, “Effect of neem leaf (Azadirachita indica)
extract on thecorrosion inhibition of mild steel in dilute acids”, International Journal of
the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(9), pp. 2249-2257, 4 May, 2011
• Taleb H. Ibrahim, Youssef Chehade and Mohamed Abou Zour, “ Corrosion Inhibition of
mild steel using potato peel extract im 2M HCL solution”, International journal of
electrochemical science, 6, 6542-6556, 2011