FARMING BELIEFS

PRACTICED BY ILOCANO
FARMERS IN BARANGAY
UNION, CAUAYAN CITY,
ISABELA
PROPONENTS
 LOCALE OF THE STUDY
The study will be conducted at barangay union, city of
cauayan, province of isabela, region 2,philipines because
this is the place where the ilocano in east tabacal region
live.
 INTRODUCTION
The Ilocanos are the third largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines.
The term “Ilocano” was derived from the words “i-“(from) and “looc” (cove
or bay) which when combined means “people of bay”. They were also
referred to as Samtoy, which is a contraction of the phrase sao mi ditoy(this
is our language). Basically, the Ilocanos are Austronesian-people/
Austronesian- speaking people. Ilocanos during Spanish Era reside in Ilocos
Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Abra. Among all the Filipino ethnic groups,
the ilocanos are the most migrant. In the 19th century, the mounting
population pressure due to substantial population density has moved the
Ilocanos to leave their homeland. Ilocanos can be found living in the Central
plain of Luzon (consisting of the Provinces Pangasinan, Tarlac and Nueva
Ecija).
 INTRODUCTION (CONT…)
Not surprisingly, the ilokano belief in animism also supported
widespread concept of totemism, in which humans had certain
kindred animal spirits. Salaksak (ilocano, sambal), etc., Were also
considered sacred in certain regions. The forces of nature were
often addressed respectfully using the term, apo. . For example,
the ilocanos addresed the rain as apo tudo 'lord rain,"apo init,
"lord sun," and even apo pagay "lord palay (the rice plant)." The
ilokano, apo langit "lord heaven." (Reyes 2005). Ilocanos are
basically industrious and hardworking. One of the oldest profession
of ilocanos is farming and they incorporated beliefs rituals to
increase farming productivity such as "manunec"the opening ritual
before transplanting
"Manipulpul" one of several rituals at harvest time,
“Mangipastrek"this means to put something inside.
"AGNINIOGAN" the name is taken from the ritual food
– niniogan – prepared for the
occasion."Pagringpasan"this is the finishing ritual done
on the last day of planting; a form of thanksgiving for
the successful conclusion of another planting season.
This implies the connection of belief system and
method of farming practice by ilocano farmers.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will show the belief system of ilocano
farmers in their agricultural tradition. This study will help other
people to understand the practiced and preserved belief of
ilocanos. The study will also show how they preserve and do it
even these modern days. Nevertheless, people will understand
why they treasure and still practice it today. These findings benefit
the ilocanos and even the other ethnicities to know more about
their ancient beliefs in farming. For the future researchers, this
study will help them to understand the belief of ilocanos in farming
techniques and methods.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study will be administered from december

2018 to march 2019. This will involve ten (10)
purposively selected ilocano farmers who are
residents of barangay union, cauayan city, isabela.
This study is delimited to the residents of barangay
union who are not farmers and who are not
ilocanos.
 DEFINITION OF
For clearer understanding of this TERMS
study, the following terms are hereby
defined:
Barangay: it refers to barangay union, cauayan city, isabela
Belief: is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case
with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is
the case with factual certainly.
Farmers: a person who runs a farm
Farming: the job or business of running a farm.
Method: a way of doing something.
Procedure: a series of action that are done in a certain way or order.
Ilocano: a member of a major people of northern
luzon and the third largest ethno-linguistic group
in the philippines.
Respondents- it refers to the ilocano farmers who
are residing at barangay union, cauayan city,
isabela and chosen as subject of the research
study.
 REVIEW OF RELATED OF LITERATURE

There are some agricultural rituals of ilocanos listed in their

repertoire of tradition such as “manunec” (first seed to be sowed)
it refers to the opening ritual before transplanting is officiated by
an adult other than the owner of the land. When chosen, he or she
takes a bath, puts on new clothes, eats a full meal and wears
his/her hair loose. The person goes to the field and recites the
roman catholic lord’s prayer. When he reaches the part of the
prayer that says, “give us this day....” He plants the first set of ritual
seedlings.
 RRL (CONT…)
He then plants a small bamboo cross close to this site to ensure a
bountiful harvest. This combines the native belief and christian
belief to conform to modern day farming practice by ilocanos.
Another ritual is “pagringpasan” (ending)-this is the finishing ritual
done on the last day of planting; a form of thanksgiving for the
successful conclusion of another planting season. The land owner
will prepare a food and drinks to celebrate the successful planting
season. This is way of sharing the blessing received by farmers.
 RRL (CONT…)
“Manipulpul” one of several rituals at harvest time, it is done a day
before the harvest begins. Any member of the family may
officiated, usually male. Taboos are observed: not to talk to
strangers, not to lose temper on the day of the ritual and not to
defecate within the hour. The officiator gathers twenty stalks of
rice while praying for god to bless the harvest. He places the stalks
either above the stove (to hasten the ripening) or buries these in
one of the corners of the rice field in gratitude to the soil for a
good harvest.
“Agniniogan”the name is taken from the ritual food –“niniogan”
(rice cooked with copra extract) – prepared for the occasion.
 RRL (CONT…)
This is performed on the last day of the harvest, done as
thanksgiving to the spirits. A few stalks of full-headed “palay” (rice)
are burned in one corner of the field. Sometimes, a few stalks are
left in the field to share with small creatures, e.g. Birds and insects,
to ensure a safe harvest next time.
“Mangipastrek”this means to put something inside. This is
performed while placing the “palay” (rice) in the granary. It is done
early in the morning when there are no people around. The farmer
and wife go to the granary together and open it.
 RRL (CONT…)
.

They are forbidden to communicate with each other except by

signs. Two stones are inserted and secured into the first “pungo”
(bundle) which the two place jointly into the granary – to control
the power of supernatural beings.
 METHODS OF RESEARCH

This study is a qualitative research. It is primarily an

exploratory research. It will be used to gain opinions and
motivation. This method is the most appropriate in
gathering data on the evaluation of the beliefs of ilocano
farmers in barangay union, cauayan city, isabela. It is
specifically an ethnographic research. It is a methodology
for descriptive studies of beliefs.
 RESPONDENTS
The subjects of this study will be the ilocano farmers of
barangay union, cauayan city, isabela. Ten respondents
(10) will be identified and will be selected randomly. The
respondents shall be chosen using the purposive sampling
technique.
 INTRUMENTS
This study dwells on multiple in-depth interviews using a pre-
design protocol containing the research questions which are
general and open-ended following the guideline of moustakas
(1994), as reinitiated by creswell (2007). Since the interview will be
self-constructed and not standardized, it will be presented to the
school administrators, the researchers' research adviser, and some
experts in the field of qualitative research who will provide
comments and recommendations to ensure content validity.
Through the interview using questionnaires, the researchers will
able to take notes during the interview about the responses of the
participants.
 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

After the validation of research instrument, the researchers will

collect the data following the procedure present by creswell
(2007). First, the researchers will construct a questionnaire which
will be used as the primary instrument in gathering the data. After
the constructions, the questionnaire will be sent to the experts for
validation purposes. Upon checking, the researcher will finalize
the instrument. The researchers will seek permission from the
barangay captain of the chosen barangay of union for the conduct
of the study since the residents will be the subject of the study.
 TREATMENT OF DATA
The researcher will treat and will analyze the data gathered from the interviews using moustakas'
(1994), as a re-detailed by creswell (2007), approach. Initially, the researcher will do bracketing, a
process of mitigating the potentially deleterious effects and preconception that may taint the research
process (tufford and newman, 2010).The following step is horizontalization where the interview
transcriptions will be read thoroughly and significant statements will be highlighted.Out of the
After the approval of the authorities, the researchers will float
significant statements, clusters of meaning will be formulated and use to write a textural description
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REFERENCES
THANK YOU!