Momentum

Momentum is the product of

the mass and velocity of an object. It is
a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and
a direction in three-dimensional space. If m is
an object's mass and v is the velocity.

• P=mv
•Units are kilogram meters per
second (kg⋅m/s)
 Conservation of momentum
In a closed system (one that does not
exchange any matter with its surroundings and is
not acted on by external forces) the total
momentum is constant. This fact, known as
the law of conservation of momentum, is implied
by Newton's laws of motion
Two types of conservation
1. Linear Conservation of momentum
2. Angular Conservation of momentum
 Linear Conversation of momentum
• If the net external force acting on a system of
bodies is zero, then the momentum of the system
remains constant. This is the basic law of
conservation of linear momentum.
• We have to remember that the momentum of
the system is conserved and not that of the
individual particles.
• The momentum of the individual bodies in the
system might increase or decrease according to
the situation, but the momentum of the system
will always be conserved, as long as there is no
external net force acting on it.
 Mathematically
• The total momentum is the sum of the various
individual momentum products. In terms of a
formula, this is expressed
as M V = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 + m 3 v 3 +…
 Conservation Of Linear Momentum
Example
• Two bodies of mass M and m are moving in
opposite directions with the velocities v. If they
collide and move together after the collision, we
have to find the velocity of the system.
• Since there is no external force acting on the
system of two bodies, momentum will be
conserved.
• Initial momentum = Final momentum
(Mv – mv) = (M+m)VFinal
• From this equation, we can easily find the final
velocity of the system
 Angular Conservation of momentum
The angular momentum of a system of
connected rigid bodies is conserved about the
system’s center of mass G, or a fixed point O,
when the sum of all the angular impulses
about these points is zero or appreciably small
L=I ω
This eq is referred as angular conservation of
momentum
 Example 19.7
The 5-kg slender rod shown in Fig is pinned at O and is initially
at rest. If a 4-g bullet is fired into the rod with a velocity of, as
shown in the figure, determine the angular velocity of the rod just
after the bullet becomes embedded in it.
Solution