THE DEFINITION AND

FORMS OF
COMMUNITY ACTION
COMMUNITY ACTION
DEFINITION AND FORMS OF COMMUNITY ACTION
PLANNING COMMUNITY ACTION
FOUR GENERAL PHASES OF COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION PROCESS
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLODARITY, AND
CITIZENSHIP
What is Community
Action?
COMMUNITY ACTION
- A community of people who are experiencing
the same situation tend to connect with each other
and pursue a common goal and action.

- This act or movement can be referred to as

community action.
 A community action is a manifestation of a
collective grasp and ownership of a situation that
generally has an effect on them. Such situation touches
their sense and sensibilities as individuals and as a
group.
 Important Ingredients of Planning a Community Action
1. Common Context
- People live in a similar setting and/or locality.
2. Common Experience
- People encounter a comparable experience individually or
collectively.
3. Common Understanding of an Issue
- People have more or less a similar view of the issue at
hand.
4. Common Analysis
- People went through a process of analyzing the issue and
may have a similar take on the issue, partly or in whole.
5. An Acceptable Standard
- People usually establish a minimum standard in undertaking
an action together.
6. An Action that is Acceptable to the Community
- People discuss and agree on what action to take the lead,
who will do the supporting roles, and who will do other tasks.
 FOUR GENERAL PHASES OF COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION PROCESS

1. Issue Identification, Analysis, and Dissemination

- “Real needs” are determined and differentiated
from “felt needs.”
2. Mobilization of Community
- “Work is systematize and people are organized.”
3. Organization
- “Plans are implemented in a systematic and
organized manner.
4. On Education
- “Members are provided with necessary skills,
knowledge, and orientation.
 The Forms of Community Engagement
1. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

- The term engagement denotes interaction, sharing,

and relationship at different levels.

- It can be defined as the partnership between two

parties, such as academic institution and local
communities.
Four-Part Definition of Community Engagement

• Active collaboration

• Builds on the resources, skills, and expertise and knowledge of

the campus and community.

• Improves the quality of life in the communities.

• In a manner that is consistent with the campus mission.

2. Solidarity
3. The unconscious mind :-It includes mental activity that
people are unaware of. According to him, some of the feelings ,
thoughts, urges and emotions that our conscious mind wants to
hide, buried into unconscious mind ,influence some of our
unexplained behavior.
For example; Ravi ‘s family has recently shifted to new
place .There he makes some new friends in his
neighborhood. While playing, he calls one of his playmate
with his old friend’s name. This is due to the thoughts or
feelings of old days which still plays in his
unconscious mind.
THREE COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE.
• Id, Ego and Superego
• Saul Mcleod, updated 2016
1. Id: Meeting Basic Needs

The id is the most basic part of the personality, and

wants instant gratification for our wants and needs. If these
needs or wants are not met, a person becomes tense or
anxious.

The ID is the only component of personality that is

present from birth.
• Sally was thirsty. Rather than waiting for the server to refill
her glass of water, she reached across the table and drank
from Mr. Smith’s water glass, much to his surprise.

• A hungry baby cried until he was fed.

• Michael saw a $5 bill fall out of Nick’s backpack as he pulled

his books out of his locker. As Nick walked away, Michael
bent over, picked up the money, and slipped it into his
pocket, glancing around to make sure no one was looking.
The Ego: Dealing with Reality
The ego is the component of personality that is
responsible for dealing with reality.

According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and

ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a
manner acceptable in the real world.

Decision-making component of personality.

• Sally was thirsty. However, she knew that her server would be
back soon to refill her water glass, so she waited until then to
get a drink, even though she really just wanted to drink from Mr.
Smith’s glass.
• Even though Michael needed money, he decided not to steal the
money from the cash register because he didn’t want to get in
trouble.
• In line at the salad bar, Amy really wanted to shove a handful of
croutons into her mouth. However, since her boss was there,
she decided to wait another minute or two until she sat down to
eat.
Superego: Adding Morals
The superego develops last, and is based on morals and
judgments about right and wrong. Even though the superego
and the ego may reach the same decision about something,
the superego’s reason for that decision is more based on
moral values, while the ego’s decision is based more on what
others will think or what the consequences of an action could
be.
• Sarah knew that she could steal the supplies from work and
no one would know about it. However, she knew that
stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take anything
even though she would probably never get caught.

• When Michael saw the $5 bill lying on the floor with no one
around it, he turned it into the school office in case anyone
came looking for it. He wouldn’t want to lose $5, and hoped
that whoever had lost it would ask about it in the office.
• While away on business, Tom had many opportunities to
be unfaithful to his wife. However, he knew the damage
such behavior would have on his family, so made the
decision to avoid the women who had expressed interest
in him.
 Two parts of the Superego
1. The ego ideal includes the rules and standards for good
behaviors. These behaviors include those which are
approved of by parental and other authority figures. Obeying
these rules leads to feelings of pride, value, and
accomplishment.
2. The conscience includes information about things that are
viewed as bad by parents and society. These behaviors are
often forbidden and lead to bad consequences, punishments,
or feelings of guilt and remorse.
HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY

EDMUND HUSSERL

- a German philosopher, the "father" of the

philosophical movement known as
phenomenology. Phenomenology can be roughly described
as the sustained attempt to describe experiences (and the
"things themselves").
 - Phenomenology is the study of structures of
consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of
view. The central structure of an experience is its
intentionality, its being directed toward something, as it is an
experience of or about some object.
- philosophy of experience.
Types of Hermeneutic Phenomenology
1. Descriptive Phenomenology / Transcendental
Phenomenology
- widely used in social science research as a method to
explore and describe the lived experience of individuals.
- emphasizes the 'pure' description of people's
experiences.
 - Husserl explain the intentional structure of all
consciousness. By intentionality he meant that all our thinking,
feeling, and acting are always about things in the world. All
conscious awarenesses are intentional awarenesses; all
consciousness is consciousness-of-something.
Transcendental phenomenology is therefore a
phenomenology of consciousness.
MARTIN HEIDEGGER

- a German philosopher whose work is perhaps most

readily associated with phenomenology and existentialism.
2. Interpretive Phenomenology/ Hermeneutic
Phenomenology
- is a discipline that investigates people's experiences to
reveal what lies 'hidden' in them.
- While Husserl focused on understanding beings or
phenomena, he focused on 'Dasein',
- that is translated as 'the mode
of being human' or 'the situated meaning of a human in the
world'.
- the interpretation of such experiences.
REFLEXIVITY
The process of interpreting human experiences
(hermeneutic phenomenology). But in descriptive
phenomenology, it has no place – it is opposite to the
principle of bracketing out influences on the phenomena.
Four Common/Aims Features of DH & IH

The aim of phenomenology is 1. description of

phenomena. 2. Reduction is a process that involves
suspending or bracketing the phenomena. Likewise an 3.
essence is the core meaning of an individual’s experience
that makes it what it is. Finally, intentionality refers to
consciousness since individuals are always conscious to
something.
 The PRINCIPLE of Phenomenology focuses on
peoples’ perceptions of the world or the perception of the
things in their appearing. (Langdridge 2007, 11, in Sloan
and Bowie 2014, 5).
 Descriptive Phenomenology is the correlation of the
noema of experience (the what) and the noesis ( the how
it is experienced).
Once the things have been identified, or otherwise
analyzed, DESCRIPTIVE PHENOMENOLOGY considers
its work done.
Once the meanings of things have been interpreted, it
is HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY.
MARAMING SALAMAT!