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Douglas Bell
Associate Professor
Head of Centre for English Language Education (CELE)
Director of Preliminary Year Programmes
University of Nottingham Ningbo China
5 main aims:
To define what EAP is and its position in the wider ELT
hierarchy.
To highlight some of the ways in which EAP may be
thought of as being distinct from General English (EFL).
To consider some of the challenges that teachers new to
the EAP environment typically face, and how their
approaches to teaching may therefore need to be adapted.
To outline key competencies of effective EAP teachers.
To put forward some proposals for how the transitional
difficulties between teaching EFL and teaching EAP might
most effectively be managed (with specific reference to the
University of Nottingham Ningbo China).
What is EAP?
‘EAP is concerned with those communication skills in English
which are required for study purposes in formal education
systems.’
(Jordan 1997, quoting ETIC 1975)
Absolute Characteristics:
(Strevens, 1988)
Variable Characteristics:
(Strevens, 1988)
(iii) The lesson aims are realistic and achievable in the time allowed.
(iv) The lesson aims fit well with the syllabus as a whole i.e. they link up with
previous/future lessons and other EAP modules.
Ensuring High Quality EAP at the University
of Nottingham Ningbo China
EAP Lesson Preparation & Planning cont…
3. CLARITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF CHOSEN TEACHING
MATERIAL/PLANNED ACTIVITY
(v) The material/planned activity has a clear academic focus i.e. even if a
given material or activity is not particularly academic in itself, the intention
must be to use it in such a way, that it leads to one or more academic
learning outcomes.
(vi) The material/planned activity meets the needs of the students i.e. it is
appropriate for their level in terms of language and subject matter.
(vi) The material/planned activity meets the needs of the students i.e. it is
appropriate for their level in terms of language and subject matter.
(i) The tutor makes the aims and desired learning outcomes of the lesson
explicit to the students.
(iii) The tutor is able to manage his/her classroom and keep the students
engaged and on task.
(iv) The tutor is able to strike a successful and sensible balance between
tutor-centred activity and student-centred activity.
(v) The tutor provides students with opportunities for the development of
both language and skills.
Ensuring High Quality EAP at the University
of Nottingham Ningbo China
EAP Lesson Delivery cont…
(vi) The tutor is sensitive to the specific needs of the students, deals
with queries appropriately and offers timely help to those that need it.
(viii) The tutor uses the lesson time effectively and efficiently.
(xiv) By the end of the lesson, the tutor has adequately achieved his/her
stated lesson aims.
Sample Running Commentary
9am T greets class. Shows lesson T-SS Good to show the aims and
objectives on the OHP- objectives in writing as well
talks through them. as giving them to SS orally-
it helps to make things more
9:05 T asks SS to take out their
T-SS explicit.
hmwk from the previous
class- quickly check S-S Do they actually need to
responses with a partner. T T-SS ? check hmwk answers with a
then goes through the partner? What is your
answers on the OHP. rationale for doing this?
9:10 T asks SS to open their T-SS How about contextualising
textbooks at p53. Says they ? this a bit more first? Why is
will be looking at key SS this language important for
phrases for giving opinions. them? How does it help?
Sample Post Observation Feedback
Lesson Preparation & Planning
Your lesson plan was comprehensive and submitted well in advance of the scheduled observation
which shows good forward planning. The aims and objectives of the lesson were clearly stated and
there was ample evidence that you had thought very carefully about possible issues in advance and
then devised contingency plans for how you might deal with these.
Lesson Delivery
Generally smooth and well-executed. You kept to your timings well and it was nice to see you
checking at the end of the lesson what the students themselves felt they had learned. There was also
a good mix of interaction patterns and you kept the pace of the lesson nice and snappy. The students
seemed to enjoy the class and were willing to volunteer responses- all in all, this was a good class.