SUKKUR IBA UNIVERSITY

MERIT – QUALITY – EXCELLENCE

Course: Signals and Systems

Dr. Abdul Aziz Memon
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Email: aziz.memon@iba-suk.edu.pk
Fourier series contents covered
�
�
x(t ) = �k
a e jkwt

x(t ) = �a e
k =-�
k
jkwt
T
k =-�
T �

�
x(t )e - jnwt
� k e dt
dt = � a e jkwt - jnwt

0 0 k =-�

x(t ) = e jwt for k = n

� � 1
ak = � x(t )e - jkwt dt
y (t ) = x(t )h(t - t )dt = �
� h(t ) x(t - t )dt TT
-� -�
a0 = mean, average, DC value
� �
t jw( t - t )
t jw( t - t ) a1, a-1 : with such terms, there is fundamental period
y (t ) = �
h ( ) e dt = �
h ( ) e dt
-� -�
�
h(t ) e- jwt dt = H ( jw) e jwt
y (t ) = e jwt �
-�

H ( jw) is known as frequency response

Slide # 2
F.S properties

Slide # 3
Fourier Series - Fourier Transform
• Fourier Transform Fourier Series
�
x(t ) = �a e
k =-�
k
jkwt

1
ak = � x(t )e - jkwt
dt
TT

-w w
a_-1 a_0 a_1

Signal contains all complex exponential Signal contains only three

signals with frequencies from –w to w complex exponential signals
Slide # 4
Timeline for paper presentation and project demonstration
Paper (Timeline)
20 pages min: (Either 1/2/3 Journal papers)
10 sessional marks theory
Must follow assigned year and IEEE Journal paper
Paper title check and approved by me
14~16 January 2019
Presentation 10 pages (1st paper or half paper)
28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019
(Must get appointment 1 week before)
Presentation 10 pages (2nd paper or rest of half paper)
4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before)
Presentation 10 pages (3rd paper or Full paper)
8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before)
Repeat if required
Matlab Based Project (Timeline)
Better than final year projects
10 sessional marks lab
Must search on Mathworks website
Rough idea about project title
14~16 January 2019 (Meet me with project idea)
Register project title (Get approved then google form)
28 Jan~ 1 Feb 2019
Keep sharing project progress every week (Important)
1st Project demo
4~8 March 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before)
Final Project demo
8~13 April 2019 (Must get appointment 1 week
before)
Improve if required
Slide # 5
Dirichlet conditions for the convergence/existence of F.T.
• (i) aperiodic signal is absolutely integrable over it’s range.
�

�
| x(t ) | dt < �
-�

• (ii) For existence of F.T., aperiodic signal should have finite

number of discontinuities over any finite time interval. Further,
each discontinuity should be finite.

• (iii) For existence of F.T., aperiodic signal should have finite

Slide # 6
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 1. Linearity

Slide # 7
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 1. Linearity
- at 1
x(t ) = e u (t ) ==>
a + jw
- bt 1
y (t ) = e u (t ) ==>
b + jw
- at c
cx(t ) = ce u (t ) ==>
a + jw
- bt d
dy (t ) = de u (t ) ==>
b + jw
c d
cx(t ) + dy (t ) ==> +
a + jw b + jw Slide # 8
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 2. Time shifting

Slide # 9
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 2. Time shifting

Slide # 10
Slide # 11
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)

Slide # 12
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 3. Frequency shift

Slide # 13
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 4. Conjugation

Slide # 14
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 5. Time reversal
x(t ) ==> X ( jw )
y (t ) = x( -t )
y (t ) ==> Y ( jw )
-� -�
- jw t - jw t
Y ( jw ) = �y (t )e dt = �
x(-t )e dt
� �
-�
- jw ( - t ' )
Y ( jw ) = �
'
x (t )e (-dt ' )
�
�
- jw ( - t ' )
Y ( jw ) = �
'
x (t )e dt ' = X (- jw )
-� Slide # 15
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 6. Differentiation

Slide # 16
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 7. Duality

Slide # 17
Properties of Continuous Time Fourier Transform (CTFT)
• 8. Parseval's Relation

• Used to find energy of signal x(t)

Slide # 18