Soap and

detergent
WHAT IS A DETERGENT OR SOAP?

A substance that
can remove dirt
from the surface of
any solid material.
Both soap and
detergent are mixture of
surfactants that can
reduce surface tension Soap is first to
on liquid. manufacture way back
2000 years in the past
than detergent which
is synthetically made.
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Anionic Detergent
- A type of detergent that produces negatively
charged particles when dissolve in solution. An
ionic detergent composes of mostly soaps. It is
commonly used as detergents, wetting agents,
emulsifiers and dispersing agents.
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Sodium
Dodecylbenzene
Sulfonate
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Cationic Detergent
- a type of detergent that produces positively
charge surfactants when dissolve in solution. In
cosmetic application, it is mainly used for
sterilization, antibacterial agents, hair
conditioners, skin softener.
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Non-ionic Detergent
- A type of detergent that when dissolve in solution
produces neutral particles. Non-ionic surfactants is a good
additives to concrete, it improves the overall property of
the concrete. Also it can be used as cleaning agents,
penetrating agents, leveling agents and emulsifiers in
many industrial sectors.
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Triton X-100
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Ampholytic Detergent
- A type of detergent that can either be anionic
or cationic depending on the level of pH in the
solution. An ampholytic detergent is usually
used as shampoo-purpose foaming agents with
high safety.
 TYPES OF
DETERGENT

Cocamidopropyl betaine
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOAP AND
DETERGENT

Soap Detergent
Produce from natural organic Raw materials are synthetically
materials made
Alkali based products Carbonic compound based product

Biodegradable Non-biodegradable
Cleaning ability is less when Cleaning power is same even if the
water is hard water is hard
Consumes much water if needed Less water is needed to remove
to remove particles from clothes
 HOW SOAP AND
DETERGENTS WORK
Both materials are made up
of surfactants that can
decrease the surface
tension of water and can
suspend the oil, dirt or
grease in the water.
1. SAPONIFICATION

The mixture of oil is

continuously added in the
reactor together with the alkali
solution.
 2. SALTING

The product of the reaction or

the soap must be separated
from the glycerin.

Glycerin(Glycerol)
3. STRONG CHANGE

The liquid is re-boiled and add

another alkali solution to the
liquid
4. PITCHING

The soap is re-boiled again with

added water. The purpose of this
process is too remove the
impurities in the soap like salt
and excess glycerin
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
THE PROCESS