• Fertilizers and Manures

• Irrigation and Soil Erosion

• Scarcity of Capital
• Agricultural Marketing
• Mechanization
 Low yield percentage due
to fertilizers
 Insubstantial use of modern technology
 Lack of awareness about organic farming
 Expense of chemical fertilizers
 Climate change and cropping pattern
 Remedies
 Research programs and initiatives
 Government Schemes
• Rashtriya krishi vikas yojana
• Paramparagat krishi vikas yojana
 Creating awareness about modern
technology and techniques.
 Irrigation
Irrigation in India incudes a network of major and
minor canals ,to increase productivity, cropping
intensity or gross area production.
• Types-1.canal irrigation
2.tank irrigation
3.tube-well irrigation .
 Tanks and canal construction and maintenance is
costly.
 Tube-wells: Most convenient , cheap method where
rainfall is less and no evaporative or seepage losses.
 Soil erosion

Soil erosion is displacement of the upper layer of soil.

This is a natural process caused by dynamic activity of
erosive agents i.e, plants ,animals ,wind and humans.

IMPLICATIONS OF SOIL EROSION:

1 Loss of nutrients and organic matter
2 Natural vegetation dries up
3 Events of landslides, floods and drought increases.
4 Ground water level lowered
5 Rivers and canals siltation
New schemes for irrigation development

• Watershed development
Neeranchal in country.

Pradhan Mantri • Expedite stalled small

krishi sinchayee and major irrigation
yojana projects
 Scarcity of Capital
 Money-lenders, traders and commission agents charges
high rate of interest and purchases the agricultural
produce at very low price.
 This situations is made difficult by the unwillingness of
financial institutions to grant loans to the farmers.
 Inducement to invest is negligible and the market
mechanism to investment is inefficient.
 Difficulty in Marketing the Crops.
 Small Size of land.
 Scarcity of Capital- Solutions
 National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)
 SBI Agricultural Loan
 Kishan Credit Card
 MSP set by the govt. every season.
 National Mission on Agricultural Extension and
Technology
 Agricultural Marketing in India
Concept:
● Agriculture marketing system is an efficient way by
which farmers can dispose their produce in a fair and
reasonable price.
● It include all those activities which are mostly related to
procurement, grading, storing, transporting and selling
of agricultural produce.
 Problems of agricultural marketing in India

● Inadequate storage and warehousing facilities.

● Lack of adequate transport facilities.
● A long chain of intermediates.
● Lack of standardization.
● Illiteracy and lack of information about the market
● Poor financial conditions leading to distress sale.
 Remedial Measures
● Establishment of regulated markets and co-operative marketing
societies.
● Extension and construction of additional storage and
warehouse facilities for agricultural produce.
● Timely supply of marketing information to the farmers.
● Improvement and extension of road and transportation
facilities.
● Provision for grading of produce and formulating suitable price.
● Provision for extending adequate amount of credit facilities to
the farmer.
 LACK OF MECHANISATION
Agricultural Mechanization
Factor for sustainable development.
Increased production and reduction in cost of agricultural works.
Better management of costly inputs and natural resources.
Background:- Lack of mechanization mechanization
Shift of way of farming from animate sources to mechanical power
sources
Chart Title
Animate 100.00%
92.30%
100.00%
50.00%
50.00%

0.00% 9.46% 0.00%

1960-61 2014-15 1960-61 2014-15
Animate
Animate Mechanical
Increasing demand for food grains --- need for more mechanical power---hence,
mechanization sector had to grow rapidly.
Development of Machines –which were Cost effective, enduring more power and in
coordination with modern technology.
Degree of farm mechanization = Mechanical power
Cultivable area

POWER
POWER(kW/hr)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1975-76 2013-14 2016-17
Benefits of machines:
Increases productivity, efficiency and yield per area
Lower cost of work
Increases farm income
Overcome skill barriers to provide support to modern technology
without neglecting the lack of energy and environmental degradation
due to low availability of fossil fuels and its high cost.
REMEDIES:
Sub-Missions on Agricultural Mechanization(SMAM) by Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Various programmes and schemes such as *RKVY
*NFSM
*NHM
*NMOOP
Farm Machinery banks- custom hiring and providing financial
assistance
 CONCLUSION
Controlled use of manures and fertilizers can yield better production.
The watershed management approach is most common practice to control
and prevent soil erosion, i.e.: Terrace farming ,counter bunding and
agriculture practices: soil mulching, crop- rotation.
 Adequate amount of capital and land holdings lead to better farming.
Co-ordination of marketing societies, warehouse facilities, transportation
and standardization of products can lead to healthy agricultural marketing.
Transformation of Hi-tech machines and adapting them as liabilities for
agriculture can promote Mechanization.
MEMBERS
 Sahil Shet
 Raushan Singh
 Saurav Suman
 Shivatman Pal
 Sanjana Naik