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MONEY
Part 2
The time value of money is one of the most
fundamental concepts in finance; it is based
on the notion that receiving a sum of money
in the future is less valuable than receiving
that sum today.
FVN = PV(1+I)N
where:
N=4
I = 3%
PV = Php. 1,000
Using the future value formula,
FVN = PV(1+I)N
FV4 = 1,000(1+.03)4
FV4 = 1,000(1.125509)
FV4 = Php. 1,125.51
The present value of a sum is the amount
that would need to be invested today in
order to be worth that sum in the future.
FVN
PV = N
(1+ I )
How much must be deposited in a bank
account that pays 5% interest per year in
order to be worth Php. 1,000 in three years?
In this case,
N=3
I=5
FV3 = Php. 1,000
FVN 1,000
PV = N
= 3
(1+ I ) (1.05)
1,000
= = Php. 863.84
1.1576
An annuity is a periodic stream of
equally-sized payments.
ꢀ rdinary annuity
o
ꢀ nnuity due
a
With an ordinary annuity, the first
payment takes place one period in
the future.
(1+ I ) − 1 N
FVAN = PMT
I
where:
N=4
I=3
PMT = Php. 1,000
Using the formula,
(1+ I ) − 1
N
FVAN = PMT
I
(1+ .03) −1
4
= 1,092.73 + 1,060.90 +
1,030.00 + 1,000.00
= Php. 4,183.63
The future value of an annuity due
is computed as follows:
FVAdue = FVAordinary(1+I)
Referring to the previous example, the
future value of an annuity due would be:
⎡ 1 ⎤
1 −
⎢ (1+ I )N ⎥
PVAN = PMT ⎢ ⎥
⎢ I ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
where:
N=3
I=5
PMT = Php. 1,000
Using the formula,
⎡ 1 ⎤
1 −
⎢ (1+ I )N ⎥
PVAN = PMT ⎢ ⎥
⎢ I ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢ 1 − 3 ⎥
(1+ .05)
PVA3 = 1,000 ⎢ ⎥ = Php. 2, 723.25
⎢ .05 ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
The present value of the annuity can
also be obtained by computing the
present value of each term and then
combining the results:
1,000(1.05)-3 + 1,000(1.05)-2 + 1,000(1.05)-1
= 863.84 + 907.03 + 952.38
= Php. 2,723.25
The present value of an annuity
due is computed as follows:
PVAdue = PVAordinary(1+I)
Referring to the previous example, the
present value of an annuity due would be: