CARBON

DIOXIDE
PRODUCTION

Chemical Process Industries-II

Muhammad Ali Rehman
(15PWCHE1023)
 Introduction
◦ It is colorless gas that is soluble in water
◦ Its about 60% denser than air
◦ Naturally occurs in volcanoes, hot springs and geysers
◦ All living things exhale Carbon dioxide by respiratory action when the
metabolize lipids and carbohydrates or as in the case of plants which use
light to photosynthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and water to produce
oxygen.
◦ In pre-industrial era it existed in Earth’s atmosphere in 280ppm while
currently it occupies 0.04% of Earth’s air composition i.e. 410ppm, by
volume.
Importance of CO2
◦ The production of Carbon dioxide is essential and its importance can not be stressed enough.
◦ The global carbon dioxide market size was valued at USD 7.4 billion in 2018 and is expected to register a
CAGR of 3.4% over the forecast period
◦ The application of CO2 is significant for medical and oil drilling.
Importance and Uses of CO2
◦ Carbon dioxide has numerous industrial and commercial uses—ranging from firefighting to electronic
equipment manufacture
◦ Industrial Applications:
◦ Used in the production of Refrigeration system( used prior to R-12 and has less climatic effect then R-134a)
◦ Welding systems
◦ Water treatment to stabilize pH of water
◦ To produce carbonated beverages
◦ Propellent in foods
◦ It is used to enchance hardness of casting mould and soldering agent
◦ Used in fire extinguisher especially for electronic fire
Importance and Uses of CO2 (cont..)
◦ Chemical and Pharmaceutical:
◦ Used to make Urea
◦ It is used to make dry-ice
◦ Pressurize and purge equipment; pneumatic systems in portable tools
◦ Cause to treat sleep apnea to stabilize 02/CO2 concentration in blood
◦ A mixture of O2/CO2 ranging from 5-50% CO2 known as Carbogen which has significant medical research
uses, for e.g. in radiation therapy.
◦ Used to remove caffeine from coffee
◦ Preparation of aerogels.
Importance and uses of CO2
◦ Oil Recovery and Coal:
◦ Used in enhanced oil recovery and injected to producing oil wells
◦ It is used as Pressurizing agent
◦ Dissolves into oil to enhance flow properties
◦ Used in enhanced coal bed methane recovery
◦ Pumped into the coal seam to displace methane
Production of Carbon dioxide
◦ Byproduct of a large-scale chemical production process or some form of biological process.
◦ Large quantities of CO2 are produced by lime kilns, which burn limestone (primarily calcium carbonate) to
produce calcium oxide ( lime, used to make cement) and production of magnesium from dolomite
◦ Byproduct from synthesis of Ammonia
◦ Recovered from Ethanol Fermentation
◦ Carbon dioxide is formed by combustion and by biological processes
◦ These include decomposition of organic material, fermentation and digestion.
◦ Fermentation Process is utilized to purify Carbon Dioxide
◦ The concentration of CO2 in air and in stack gases from simple combustion sources (heaters, boilers,
furnaces) is not high enough to make carbon dioxide recovery commercially feasible. Producing carbon
dioxide as a commercial product requires that it be recovered and purified from a relatively high-volume,
CO2-rich gas stream
Unit Operations
◦ The Unit operation employed to produce/purify CO2 are;
◦ Mass Transfer; Scrubbers and absorber
◦ Heat Transfer; CO2 Condenser, reboilers
◦ Fluid flow; pumping of CO2 gas, or alcohol after fermentation for purification of CO2
◦ Thermodynamic processes; the liquification of CO2 or conversion to Solid Dry ice in dry ice press
Thankyou!