Latent Heat & Change

of Phase
Physical Science 20
Adding or
removing heat During a change of state, the heat added
does not is called latent heat because there is no
always result in change in temperature. Latent means
a change of “hidden”.
temperature
Notice in the graph
above that while ice is
melting (change of
state) the temperature
stays constant at 0°C.
The temperature also
is constant when water
boils and changes to
steam or vapor.
When a solid is melting the heat energy added is
building up the potential energy of the
molecules to break the electrical forces holding
them together.
 Similarly, when liquids are turning to gases the
heat energy increases the energy of the
molecules so they get further apart and become
gas molecules.
Latent heat of The latent heat of fusion for water is 3.3 x
fusion is the 105 J/kg which means that 3.3 x 105 J of
amount of heat energy are needed to change 1 kg of ice
required to melt at 0 °C into water at 0 °C
1 kg of a
substance
without
changing its
temperature
Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required
to vaporize 1 kg of a substance without changing its
temperature
 QL is the quantity of heat in Joules (J)
Formula: m is the mass in kg
QL = ml l is the latent heat of the substance
in J/kg (SEE TABLE OF LATENT
HEAT VALUES)
Example 1
How much
heat energy is
needed to
change 2.0kg
of ice at 0 °C to
water at 0°C?
Example 1 QL = ml
How much QL = (2.0kg)(3.3 x 105 J/kg)
heat energy is
QL = 6.6 x 105 J
needed to °C?
change 2.0kg
of ice at 0 °C to
water at 0°C?
Example 2:
How much
heat energy is QL = ml
needed to
QL = (0.50kg)(2.3 x 106 J/kg)
change 0.50kg
of water at 100 QL = 1.2 x 106 J
°C to steam at
100 °C ?
Example 3:
How much heat
does a Hint: find the heat removed for water at 20.0
refrigerator need °C to water at 0 °C then find the latent heat for
water at 0 °C to ice at 0 °C and add the two
to remove from values
1.5kg of water at
20.0 °C to make
ice at 0 °C
 Heat with temperature change
Q=mcΔT
Q = (1.5kg) (4200 J/kg °C ) (20.0 °C )
Example 3: Q= 1.25 x 105 J
How much heat
does a Latent heat
refrigerator need QL = ml
to remove from QL = (1.50kg)(3.3 x 105 J/kg)
1.5kg of water at QL = 4.95 x 105 J
20.0 °C to make
ice at 0 °C Total heat = Q + QL
= 1.25 x 105 J + 4.95 x 105 J
= 6.2 x 105 J
 For the last example, and questions like it, you
can combine latent heat and heat with
temperature into one long equation
PLEASE NOTE
Qtotal= mcΔT + ml
 Picnic Coolers
The specific latent heat of fusion for water is 3.3
Latent heat x 105 J/kg. That is 3.3 x 105 J of heat needed or
applications absorbed to melt 1 kg of ice. The heat required
to melt ice comes from the food or drinks in the
cooler. Since heat leaves the food, it gets cold.
 Preventing Frost Damage
When 1kg of water freezes it releases 3.3 x 105 J
of heat energy. Farmers use this principle to
prevent frost damage to their orchards and
Latent Heat other crops. When a frost is predicted, farmers
Applications will turn on the water sprinklers. As the water
falls on the plants and starts to freeze, heat is
released to the surroundings and plants. The
heat helps the plants stay warm enough to
prevent damage. This only works when the
temperature does not drop much below
freezing.
 Cooling off when wet
You can cool off your body by just coming out of
a shower or swimming pool if you do not dry off
Latent Heat with a towel. It takes 2.3 x 106J of heat to
vaporize 1 kg of water. When you are wet, heat
Applications from your body is used to vaporize the water.
Because heat leaves your body, you feel cool. If
you don’t want to cool off, just dry yourself well
with a towel.
 Avoid Steam Burns
When steam condenses it releases heat to the
surroundings. When just 1 mL of steam water
Latent Heat condenses it releases 2.3 x 103 J of heat. Then the
condensed water cools from 100 degrees C to 37
Applications degrees C (body temperature), so even more
heat is released and absorbed by the skin. That’s
why a steam burn is much worse than a burn
from boiling water.
Latent Heat
Practice
Problems