ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

Muhammad Wajid
Assistant Professor
 Antidiuretic Hormone:
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 Vasopressin

 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

 Arginine vasopressin

 Argipressin

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 Conti…
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 Secreted from the posterior pituitary gland

 The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary

gland to secrete the hormone

 Once hormone is secreted it goes to the kidney

to put its purpose into effect

Muhammad Wajid
 Chemistry:
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 9 amino acid structure sequence

 Peptide based hormone
o Hydrophilic – will not go into the cell

o Binds with the receptor on the cell’s surface

o Six of the amino acids form a ring structure, joined by

disulfide bonds

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 MOA:
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 Vasopressin is released and binds to cell membrane

at receptor
 Binding results in ATP breaking down to cAMP
o cAMP is the second messenger

o cAMP activates PKA which synthesizes aquaporin

o Aquaporins bind in the membrane and let H20 into

the cell
 Does not directly communicate with nucleus
 Indirectly communicates with cytoplasm and cell
membrane. Muhammad Wajid
 Positive or Negative Feedback:
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 Conti…..
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 Decreased water levels in body resulting in more

ADH production- increased thirst- will increase the
amount of aquaporins being added in increased as
well (to reabsorb more water into the kidney)

 Increased water levels result in a reduced ADH

production telling the kidney to reabsorb less water

Muhammad Wajid
 Function of ADH:
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Action on Kidney:
 It increases the permeability of the collecting
tubules and ducts to water

 Increases water absorption from the lumen of the

collecting tubules and ducts

 It conserve water in the body, so less water passes

in the urine

Muhammad Wajid
 Action on vascular Smooth muscle:
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 ADH can also raise blood pressure by bringing about

constriction of arterioles

 For this reason ADH is also referred to as

Vasopressin

 This action of ADH is noted if there is severe loss of

blood volume due to hemorrhage

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 Homeostasis:
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 It plays a key role in homeostasis, by the regulation

of
o Water

o glucose

o salts in the blood

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 Other actions:
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 It causes contraction of all smooth muscles in the

body such as the
o GIT

o bile duct

o uterus

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 Disorders related to ADH:
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Diabetes inspidus:
 This is a syndrome characterized by passage of large
volume of dilute urine due to the absence of ADH
Causes:
 This occur when the supraoptic hypophysial system

fails to secrete ADH. It may be due to

o Lesion of the supra optic nuclei

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 Conti…..
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o Inflammation as in encephalitis, basal meningitis and

syphilis result in the destruction of part of the
hypothalamus

o Tumors of the hypothalamus

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 Characteristics:
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 Polyuria: 6-8 liters of urine is produced per day

because of decreased ADH secretion
 Polydipsia: Increase thirst

Treatment:
 It may be treated by injecting ADH suspended in
oil

Muhammad Wajid
 Oxytocin:
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 Oxytocin is produced by the paraventricular nuclei of

the hypothalamus

 They are released into the axons and travel down to

the posterior pituitary gland, where they are stored
in secretary vesicles

 Oxytocin is nonapeptide (its structure

contains nine amino acids) hormone

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 Conti…
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 The amino acids sequence of the oxytocin is similar

to the ADH only difference is being a pair of amino
acids at position two and eight

 Oxytocin contain Isoleucine and leucine at position

three and eight while ADH contains phenylalanine
and arginine at the same position

Muhammad Wajid
 Function:
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 Oxytocin causes the contraction of pregnant

uterus (smooth muscles) and induces labour

 ln mammals, oxytocin causes contraction of

myoepithelial cells (look like smooth muscle cells)
of breast

 This stimulates the squeezing effect, causing milk

ejection from the breast
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 Conti…
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 Oxytocin synthesized in the ovary appears to

inhibit the synthesis of steroids
 Responsible for uterine contractions during labour

 Critical for milk ejection

 Oxytocin release in new fathers assists bonding with

baby

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 Anti stress hormone, reduces blood pressure

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Dr.Muhammad Jameel 9/23/2019