GENERAL MATHEMATICS

MARRON, FAJARDO, GUNDAYAO, MAGADIA, FACUN, DERECHO, OPOG, CUBELO, CALAHAT

FUNCTIONS
Function - a set of ordered pairs
which no two ordered pairs have the
same 1st component but different
second components.
 Domain - set of permissible input
values
 Range - set of output values
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
OPERATIONS OF FUNCTIONS
• SUM FUNCTION
 F + G is the function defined by (F + G)(X) = F(X) + G(X)

• DIFFERENCE FUNCTION
 F - G is the function defined by (F - G)(X) = F(X) - G(X)
• PRODUCT FUNCTION
 F • G is the function defined by (F • G)(X) = F(X)G(X)

• QUOTIENT FUNCTION
 F / G is the function defined by (F/G)(X) = F(X)/G(X), G(X) = 0

• COMPOSITE FUNCTION
 F ○ G is the function defined by (F ○ G)(X) = F(G(X))
RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
 A function f is a rational function if f(x) = g(x) / h(x) where g(x) and h(x)
are polynomials and h(x) = 0. The domain of rational function f(x) is the
set of all real numbers except the zeros of the denominator h(x).
 In a rational function, the zeros, if any, of the numerator are said to be
the x-intercepts of its graph while the zeros of the denominator,
although not in the domain, also play a major role in its graph.
 RATIONAL EQUATIONS
A rational equation is an equation containing at
least one fraction whose numerator and denominator
are polynomials, p(x) q(x). These fractions may be on
one or both sides of the equation. A common way to
solve these equations is to reduce the fractions to a
common denominator and then solve the equality of the
numerators.
 RATIONAL INEQUALITIES
A rational inequality is one that can be
written in one of the following standard
forms: or Q does not equal 0. In other
words, a rational inequality is in standard form
when the inequality is set to 0.
GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
1. Find the intercepts, if there are any. Remember that the y-intercept is given by
(0,f(0))(0,f(0)) and we find the xx-intercepts by setting the numerator equal to zero
and solving.
2. Find the vertical asymptotes by setting the denominator equal to zero and solving.
3. Find the horizontal asymptote, if it exists, using the fact above.
4. The vertical asymptotes will divide the number line into regions. In each region
graph at least one point in each region. This point will tell us whether the graph will
be above or below the horizontal asymptote and if we need to we should get
several points to determine the general shape of the graph.
5. Sketch the graph.
INVERSE FUNCTIONS
 if f is a function consisting of ordered pairs (x,y), then there is
a relation called the inverse of f, whose elements are the
ordered pairs (y,x)
 if f is one-to-one, then the inverse of f is called the inverse
function of f denoted by f - 1
 ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION.
A function for which every element of the range of the function corresponds to
exactly one element of the domain. One-to-one is often written 1-1. Note: y = f(x) is a
function if it passes the vertical line test. It is a 1-1 function if it passes both the vertical
line test and the horizontal line test.
GRAPHING INVERSE FUNCTIONS
The graph of an inverse function is reflected about the line where , or where : the function must pass
the vertical and horizontal line test to have an inverse. To find the inverse of a function, replace f(x)
with y, interchange x with y, and solve for y.
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
 An exponential function is a mathematical function of the following form:f (x) = a xwhere x is a
variable, and a is a constant called the base of the function.
 Exponential equations are equations in which variables occur as exponents.
 Exponential inequalities are inequalities in which one (or both) sides involve a variable exponent. They
are useful in situations involving repeated multiplication, especially when being compared to a constant
value, such as in the case of interest.
 Exponential expression is a mathematical expression consisting of a constant (especially e) raised to
some power.
 Exponential growth is where a value increases in proportion to its current value. Such as always
doubling.
 Exponential decay describes the process of reducing an amount by a consistent percentage rate over a
period of time. It can be expressed by the formula y=a(1-b)x wherein y is the final amount, a is the
original amount, b is the decay factor, and x is the amount of time that has passed.
GRAPHING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
GRAPHING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
 Logarithmic function (such as y = loga x or y = ln x) that is the inverse of an
exponential function (such as y = ax or y = ex) so that the independent variable
appears in a logarithm
 Common logarithm: the common logarithm is the logarithm to base 10. The notation
is used by physicists, engineers, and calculator keypads to denote the common
logarithm.
 The natural logarithm of a number x is the logarithm to the base e , where e is the
mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.718 . it is usually written using the
shorthand notation lnx , instead of logex
 The binary logarithm (log2n) is the power to which the number 2 must be raised to
obtain the value n.