Modem Satelital COMTECH-CDM625

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS
The Most Bandwidth Efficient Communication Ever !
Satellite Modem
Training Manual
Copyright 2008, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EF Data 1
CDM-625 Training Outline
• Standard Features
• Optional Features
• CDM- Modem Product Family
• Installation and Interfacing
• Design Overview
 Block Diagrams
 Front Panel Display
 Operation Configuration
 Open Network features
 Closed Network features
 Performance measurement
• CDM-625 Modem Switch Redundancy Systems
 CRS-300
 CRS-170A
 CRS-180
CDM-625 Satellite Modem
Inside the Super Modem

» A modem platform designed to support multiple satellite communication tasks with a
wide range of interface types.
» IP Network data traffic and management capabilities
» A modem with State-of-the-art Forward Error Correction (Turbo / LDPC/ VersaFEC®)
» A modem with State-of-the-art satellite bandwidth reduction ( Carrier-n-Carrier ®)
» Built-in redundancy capability (1:1 with CRS-170A / 180 IF Switch)
CDM-625 Data Interface types
• RS-422 or V.35 (EIA-530 25-pin)

• Serial LVDS (at rates up to 25 Mbps)
• HSSI (at rates up to 25 Mbps)
• G.703 T1/E1, T2/E2 on balanced and unbalanced ports

• Quad E1 on balanced interface ports
• ASI (DVB, 188 Frame mode) at data rates up to 25 Mbps
• Four-port Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
• Engr. Service Channel (RS-232/485) Selectable
• Open Network (IDR / IBS) ESC and Alarms
* HSSI -- High Speed Serial Interface

* LVDS -- Low Voltage Differential Signal
* ASI -- Asynchronous Serial Interface
CDM-625 Standard Product Features
• IF (50-180 MHz)
• 18kbps – 5Mbps Data Rate
• Viterbi Codec
• Reed-Solomon Codec
• BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK
• Asymmetric Loop Timing
• EDMAC, EDMAC-2, EDMAC-3 (M&C + AUPC)
• ESC++ (ESC via RS-232/485 + AUPC)
• AUPC (Automatic Up-Link Pwr control)
• FSK Communication to ODU
• Serial M&C remote port (RS-232/485)
• Ethernet M&C remote port (HTML, SNMP, Telnet)
• Fault / AGC / Monitor port
• 255 Stored Event entries
• 255 Stored Link Statistical entries
• 10 programmable Configuration memories
Modem I.F. Bands
• 70MHz (50 MHz - 180 MHz)
• L-Band (950 MHz – 2000 MHz) - [ Optional Feature ]

• Why are there two bands?
1. 70/140 MHz IF [ Legacy - Been around for a long time ]

(-) RF conversion to Satellite more expensive -- requires 1 unit per transponder
(+) Cabling and switching less problematic and lower cost when dealing with large
installations and long runs within Earth stations
2. L-Band IF [ Gaining larger share of system integrations ]

(+) The L-Band market has benefited from DTH economy of scale
(+) Demodulator VLSI chipsets  low cost L-band receivers (IRDs)
(+) Lower cost Up conversion with BUC’s  low cost VSAT terminals at remote end
CDM-625 Optional Feature Upgrades
-- FAST Options are available for after delivery upgrades. Option upgrades are
made via Front Panel with a unique FAST Code entry. FAST Codes are
obtained by purchase arrangements with your sales representative.
Modes Cost Features

IDR and IBS $ Open Network (IESS-308, 309, 310, 314) Framed overhead ESC & Alarm features
D&I $ Drop & Insert (T1 or E1) IESS-308-5
D&I++ Free with D&I Mode= D&I, 1 up to 31ch + EDMAC
D&I with ESC++ Free with D&I (Mode=D&I, E1-CCS, 1 up to 24Ch + High Rate ESC=On + AUPC)
Quad-E1 D&I $ Drop-Insert & Unframed with variable muxed content up to 4 full E1’s
Audio $ 2Ch audio Ch ADPCM (at 64kbps) + IBS or EDMAC frame mode selectable
Modulation Cost Features

8-PSK and 8-QAM $ 8-QAM & 8-PSK requires Turbo / LDPC / or TCM + Reed-Solomon
16-QAM $ 16-QAM requires Turbo / LDPC / or TCM + Reed-Solomon
L-Band IF Cost Features

950 – 1950 MHz $ Can be use in split operation with either TX /or/ RX in the 70-140 MHz band
FAST Upgrade Functions
Select CONFIG to enter FAST Options or use the Demo mode
FAST: Set 1: Config View
ENT Set 2: Config View Set 3 Config View
FAST Configuration:
Edit Code Demo Mode
FAST Demo Mode: Off On

591,000 Seconds remaining
Demo mode runs for 30 days. The timer can be stopped and restarted.
After the 30 days has expired there is no further time available.
FAST Upgrade Functions
The FAST CODE will be sent by E-mail or Fax after

contacting Sales Representative to arrange order.
Edit 20 digit FAST Code:

00000000000000000000 (ENT)
Example: Increase Data Rate to 25Mbps ---- (FAST Option)
FAST Options are built into every unit and can be activated at some future time by the customer.
Power Supply options are installed during factory assembly and require some consideration in the
ordering process for the intended application. The Turbo Codec board can be easily added at
some future time by the customer if required.
CDM-625 Modem Assemblies
Modem Assembly and Description
• PL/12587-1 Modem Chassis – AC Power Supply

• PL/12587-2 Modem Chassis – DC power Supply
• PL/12575-1 Modem and RF Card
• PL/11963-1 Baseband Framing Card
• PL/12875-1 Carrier-in-Carrier® (card Option)

• PL/12874-1 LDPC and Turbo Codec (card Option)
• PL-0000264 VersaFEC® (card Option)
• PL/xxxxx BUC Power Supply, 24V (module Option)
• PL/xxxxx BUC Power Supply, 48V (module Option)
Available Features
CDM-625 vs. CDM-QX
CDM-625 CDM-QX
Carrier-n-Carrier Carrier-n-Carrier
Quad E1– Drop & Insert (+EDMAC) Quad E1– Drop & Insert (+EDMAC)
IP-SubMux
EDMAC, EDMAC-2, EDMAC-3 EDMAC, EDMAC-2
D&I, D&I++, ESC++, IDR, IBS D&I++
422, V.35, G.703, HSSI, LVDS, ASI, IP 232, 422, V.35, G.703, HSSI
Versa FEC
Turbo, LDCP, Viterbi, Seq., R-S Turbo, Viterbi, R-S
Maximum Data Rate 25 Mbps Maximum Data Rate 20 Mbps
70-180MHz (and) L-Band 70-180MHz (or) L-Band
LNB, BUC P/S, BUC FSK, Transceiver FSK LNB, BUC P/S, BUC FSK only
Single Modem per Chassis Dual Modems per Chassis
1:1 Control built in (requires IF switch box) Basic 1:1 Functionality Built-In
CDM-625 Comtech Network Modes
• CnC (Carrier in Carrier)

• VersaFEC – IP-ACM
• IP SubMux
• D&I++ (D&I with EDMAC)
• D&I with ESC++
• QDI (Quad Drop & Insert)
• Framed QDI (QDI with EDMAC)
• EDMAC
• EDMAC-2
• EDMAC-3
• ESC++
• 2-Ch Audio (hardware option)
Link Configuration with Carrier-n-Carrier
CDM-625 with Carrier-n-Carrier

(Optional feature)
CDM-625 with (CnC) Compatible Family
CDM-625
Carrier and Carrier allows both of the Uplinks and
CDM-625 of course Downlinks to be on the same frequency.
CLO-10 CDM-QX
CLO-10
Possible CnC
combinations
CDM-600 CLO-10
CDM-600 / 600L
Compatible operation is possible for a CDM-625 with Carrier-n-Carrier
to “Legacy modems” equipped with a CLO-10 (External IF cancellation).
Typical Global Beam Footprint
Station A
Station B
CnC is used in point-point links only. For earth stations to use CnC the
stations must be located a common coverage area. Most earth stations
operate in this window and of course that is why CnC is need in most cases.
is used
• Both stations are first tested for proper RF loop-back operation as normally required.
1. The TX IF power levels are adjusted so the downlinks are within the required limits.
2. Frequency of Modem 2 is then set to be on the same frequency setting of Modem 1.
3. The CnC Search will begin as soon as the CnC mode is set to ON.
4. Both modems set to CnC = On will now search and lock the opposite station signal.
5. The CnC power ratio and frequency offset can be viewed in the CnC Monitor menu.
Link Configuration with VersaFEC
CDM-625 with VersaFEC

(Optional feature)
VersaFEC®
• What is VersaFEC ?
– VersaFEC is a patented system of short-block, low latency (LDPC) codes
designed to support latency-sensitive applications, such as Cellular
Backhaul and IP over satellite.
– VersaFEC was developed by Comtech AHA in collaboration with
Comtech EF Data.
• Can VersaFEC be used with Carrier-in-Carrier ?
 Yes, VersaFEC is fully compatible with Carrier-in-Carrier
• Do I need TPC/LDPC codec if I only want to use VersaFEC ?

– TPC/LDPC codec is not required for VersaFEC only operation
• Can VersaFEC be added to a CDM-625 along with TPC/LDPC ?
– VersaFEC card has its own slot separate from TPC/LDPC slot
*Covered by US Patents 7,353,444 and 7,415,659. (Other patents pending.)

VersaFEC is a Registered Trademark of Comtech AHA
Data Rate and Latency
– For block codes (such as TPC, 400
LDPC, VersaFEC, DVB-S2)

350
codec delay is inversely
proportional to the data rate
300
• If the data rate doubles, the
One Way Latency, ms

latency is reduced by 50% 250
• This is why a low latency

200
FEC is critical for lower
data rate links 150
100
50
0
64 192 320 448 576 704 832 960 1088 1216 1344 1472 1600 1728 1856 1984
Data Rate, kbps
VersaFEC, 8-QAM 0.78 LDPC, 8-QAM 3/4
19
VersaFEC in CDM-625
• Can a CDM-625 be field upgraded ?
– Yes, a CDM-625 in the field can be easily upgraded by
• Adding the VersaFEC card
• Upgrading the firmware
• Entering FAST codes for data rates beyond 1.0 Mbps
• What FAST options are available for VersaFEC ?

– The VersaFEC card includes operation up to 1.1 Mbps without the
need for FAST codes
– FAST codes are needed for 2.5 Mbps, 5.0 Mbps, and 16.0 Mbps
VersaFEC & ACM
• VersaFEC supports Constant Coding and Modulation (CCM)
for all of the modem Interface types
• VersaFEC supports Adaptive Coding & Modulation (IP-ACM)
– One of the key VersaFEC design goals was to support IP-ACM
• How is ACM enabled on CDM-625 ?

– This would require the VersaFEC card, firmware version 1.4.0 (and
upward) and a FAST code
• Are there different tiers for ACM ?
– Yes, multiple tiers based on Symbol Rate are available as FAST codes
VersaFEC & ACM -- Code Rates
Technical description developed to describe a series of

modulations settings adapted for ACM systems.
ModCods = Modulation and Code Rate combinations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
CDM-625 Ethernet Bridge Interface
IP Bridge Design:
The IP interface is a true Layer-2 bridge device. This means that both the IP
datagram and the Layer-2 Ethernet header are transmitted over the satellite
link. This interface uses HDLC encoding/framing to encapsulate each packet.
This process adds overhead (non customer data) to the transmitted signal.
The CDM-625 interface as IP Network Bridge
• In a large network it would be preferred to

•The IP port can be assigned an IP address for direct only the required traffic to the modem port
the remote M&C by Telnet or HTTP and also FTP by way of a router, and block multicast traffic.
update of the modem’s Flash memory.
• Learn mode allows the modem to only send
•It is not necessary for the IP address to be in the traffic to unknown MACs over the link thereby
traffic network; it always acts as a bridge. helping to optimize bandwidth usage.
10/100/1000BaseT
Traffic + M&C
172.17.10.10/24 172.17.10.20/24
Router Gateway
The 4-port 10/100BaseT serves as an Ethernet bridge to a remote LAN over satellite.
Outbound Return
Router with Dual WAN ports

Or “Switch with VLAN”
Router with Dual WAN ports

Or “Switch with VLAN”
The IP Interface Operation
In coming Ethernet TX packets are sent to the WAN interface (the Satellite link) with the additional HDLC overhead
framing is as follows:
1 Byte (HDLC Start) + 2 Bytes (HDLC Control) + 14 Bytes Ethernet Header + Payload + 2 Bytes (HDLC CRC)
Packet content:
The HDLC encoder performs 'zero insertion' whenever five consecutive '1‘ bits are found in the payload.
Therefore, the number of additional '0' bits added to the packet is solely based upon the data content of the
packet. This HDLC bit stuffing is roughly costs an additional 3% to 8% of packet length.
Packet run length:

For IP data payload MTU ~1500 bytes, the total bytes will be (1 + 2 + 14 + 1500 + 2) * 103% = 1565 bytes
Payload efficiency = 1500/1565 = 95.84%
For modem data rate 5,000 kbps, the IP throughput is 5,000 * 95.84% = 4,792 kbps
For IP data payload MTU ~500 bytes, the total bytes will be (1 + 2 + 14 + 500 + 2) * 103% = 535 bytes
Payload efficiency = 500/535 = 93.46%
For modem data rate 5,000 kbps, the IP throughput is 5,000 * 93.46% = 4,672 kbps
These calculations show that the data through-put is not a fixed value. At the modem’s maximum data rate of
25Mbps the upper IP data rate would be about 24Mbps (UDP traffic only). Another consideration is the round
trip satellite time is around 240mSec x 2. The acknowledgement delay and data-bandwidth product of IP/TCP
would limit the effective upper data rate to around 23Mbps and lower, with small block TCP traffic content.
Ethernet Port Configuration
IP Config:
Addresses SNMP Switch-setup (<>)
Ethernet Switch: Mode WAN PerPortCnfg

MAC-Learning VLAN QOS Stats (<>)
• Mode = Managed Switch Mode (This is the only mode until the Router module is available.)
• WAN = WAN Buffer Size [20 – 400mS] Set small as possible. Bursty traffic requires larger values.
Large values have effect of reducing IP traffic through-put.
• Per Port Config = Auto/Manual speed setting for each port. (Auto, 100M Full/Half, 10M Full/Half)
• MAC Learning = Global setting for all ports. (On = traffic between local MAC’s not forward on link)
(Off= everything goes over the link)
VLAN Port Configuration
MAC-Learning VLAN QOS Stats (<>)
VLAN: Disabled (Dis, Ena) mgmt-VLAN=0001

NativeMode VLAN-Table (<>)
• VLAN = Global to all ports [Enabled/Disabled]

• Mgmt-VLAN = Valid address range 1- 4094
• NativeMode = Each port can be set VLAN Native [enable] = Access, or [disable] = Trunk
If [enable] untagged packets at IP module will be tagged and sent to Satellite.
• PVID = [1-4094] When VLAN Native enabled, packets into the port get tagged with the PVID#
• VLAN Table = Each port can be set (if) [Native enabled] “Filtered” = packet blocked if not matching ID
“Untagged” = remove the ID tag bits
(if) [Native Disable] “Filtered” = packet blocked if not matching ID
“Tagged” = forward packets with its ID tag
VLAN Port Configuration
VLAN Priority Table for QOS
Priority Traffic Type
MAC-Learning VLAN QOS Stats (<>) 1 Background
2 Spare
0 Best Effort
QoS=VLAN&Port (Off, VLAN, Port, VLAN&Port) 3 Excellent Effort
4 Controlled Load
Port Priority: P1:1 P2:1 P3:1 P4:1 (<>)
5 Video
VLAN-Table (<>) 6 Voice
7 Network Control
• QOS = Modes are available for Normal Switch or VLAN modes. [Off / VLAN / Port Only / VLAN & Port ]
OFF = Global, No Priority for any packets (Obvious)
(VLAN On) VLAN = Global, Bandwidth priority given per contents of the VLAN bits in the TOS frame
(VLAN Off) Port Only = Bandwidth priority given per Port buffer fill status (4=Highest, 3, 2, 1= Lowest)
(VLAN On) VLAN & Port = Packets with VLAN tag get priority as assigned, packets without get remainder per load..
The IP Bridge interface with VLAN Network
• For the IP Bridge interface features the Text is highlighted.
Version 1.4.0 firmware adds the following features:
• VersaFEC ACM (IP mode only): Supports symbol rate from 37 ksps to 4.1 Msps
(requires VersaFEC module and appropriate FAST code)
– see Chapter 17. ADAPTIVE CODING AND MODULATION (ACM) for more
information.
• VLAN (Per Port Configuration)
• QoS priority (VLAN TOS and/or Traffic Load)
• MAC Learning
•Version 1.4.3 firmware adds the following Features:
1. Generate a "No Tx Clock" Alarm on link-down of Ethernet ports. When modem is configured
using IP or IP-ACM interface or have Sub-Mux on, if all four Ethernet ports’ status are link-
down, then generate a "No Tx Clock" Alarm. Required to fault the modem to go off-line
when used in a 1:1 or 1:N configuration.
2. Pause Frame flow control on a per port basis. Default to Pause off. To generate Pause from
modem’s IP port, the following conditions must be met.
a) Tx Data Rate (or IP info rate if Submux is on, or data rate calculated based on
ModCod0 from Symbol rate in ACM) must be at least 128 kbps, AND
b) 2) WAN buffer size setting requires: [Data rate kbps * buffer_length / 4096 >= 24 ]
CDM-625 -- IP Pause Frame test
 Modem was set 10Mbps – IP Interface, TPC, Q 3/4
 Modem WAN Buffer set to 20mS
 IP traffic content was primarily UDP, 256 Octets, Average through-put 8.8Mbps
o Load Curve of 10% Over/Under run for variable durations in the ranges selected
o 10mS - 45mS [ WAN Fill 4% - 12%, FPGA Pause IN events very few occurring in Stats, No Port 1 Pause Outs]
o 10mS - 75mS [ WAN Fill 12% - 51%, Port 1 Pause Outs, Ether-Switch buffer fill to +708 bits, dips to 8.4Mbps
o 10mS – 125mS [WAN Fill 24% - 57%, more Port 1 Pause Outs, Ether-Switch hits max @ 1800 bits, packets dropped
at switch, through-put dips to 8Mbs
+/- 10%
PauseFrame Out
selectable per Port WAN Buffer Size
Tx Traffic Test To WAN Modulator
HDLC - FPGA
Ether Port (WAN Buffer) Data Rate
From
Rx Traffic &
Pause Out Demod
The IP Traffic Statistics Page
CLOSED NETWORK M&C
CDM-625 with EDMAC
Comtech EF Data Network features:
D&I++ D&I with ESC++ Framed Quad D&I 2 Ch Audio
Data G.703 or any of the G.703 or any of the
Quad E1 port Audio Port
Interfaces 25-Pin Interface selection 25-Pin Interface selection
Remote
M&C port Serial / Telnet ESC Async 232/485 M&C port Serial / Telnet M&C port Serial / Telnet
M&C
Overhead % Data Rate + 2.2% Data rate + 6.7% Data rate + 2.07% EDMAC 5% or IBS 6.7%
Features [EDMAC] Generic M&C to remote [EDMAC] [EDMAC]
Point-Point M&C to equipment via Async RS- Point-Point M&C to Point-Point M&C to
remote modem with 232 / 485 channel; remote modem with remote modem with
CDM-Commands Maximum Baud rate CDM-Commands CDM-Commands
+ based on Date rate + +
AUPC (Automatic Uplink + AUPC (Automatic Uplink AUPC (Automatic Uplink
Power Control) AUPC (Automatic Uplink Power Control) Power Control)
Power Control)
[IBS]
Backward Rx alarm
The D&I special modes are available when the D&I and/or QDI Option is installed.
D&I (IBS)D&I 1 – 30 Ch 1,920 kbps Overhead 6.7%
D&I++ 1 – 31 Ch 1,984 kbps Overhead 2.2%

w/ ESC 1 – 24 Ch 1,536 kbps Overhead 6.7%
QDI QDI 1 – 4 ports 1Ch – (4xE1) Overhead 0.4%

FrmQDI 1 – 4 ports 1Ch – (4xE1) Overhead 2.07%
Comtech EF Data Network features:
EDMAC EDMAC-2 EDMAC-3 ESC++
Data
Any Any Any Any
Interfaces
Remote
M&C port Serial / Telnet M&C port Serial / Telnet Serial / Telnet / Ethernet ESC Async 232/485
M&C
Data rate + 5% or 1.6% Data rate + 1.6% at all Data rate + 5% or 1.6% Data Rate + 11.8% to
Overhead %
(>2048kb/s) Data rates (>2048kb/s) 1.6% ( % less at higher)
Features Point-Point M&C to Point-Point M&C to Point-Point M&C to Generic M&C to remote
remote modem with remote modem with remote modem with equipment via Async RS-
CDM-Commands CDM-Commands CDM-Commands 232 / 485 channel;
+ + + Maximum Baud rate
AUPC (Automatic Uplink AUPC (Automatic Uplink AUPC (Automatic Uplink based on Date rate
Power Control) Power Control) Power Control) +
+ AUPC (Automatic Uplink
Remote modem status Power Control)
streams to master site;
available via SNMP
w/Remote MIB set
EDMAC EDMAC Data Rate x 5% >2,048 kbps (DR x 1.6%)

EDMAC-2 Data Rata x 1.6%
EDMAC-3 Data Rate x 5% >2,048 kbps (DR x 1.6%)
ESC++ Variable Data Rates Overhead 11.8% to 1.6%
EDMAC Monitor
EDMAC and Control
(Master/Slave)
» EDMAC is a built-in M&C channel with protective error checking used for CEFD
commands to remote ComtechEFData equipment.
» EDMAC is a standard feature in almost all ComtechEFData Modems
» EDMAC provides end-to-end Automatic Uplink Power Control
Customer data
No Overhead
Send / Rcv.
Customer data only on satellite link
Modem
Customer data CDM-625

EDMAC Mode
Modem
Send / Rcv.
Mux / Demux Data and M&C muxed onto satellite link

M&C (AUPC also available)
RS-232
Or Port
RS-485
Basic EDMAC network system
EDMAC channel is used for M&C of any combination of CDM-570, CDM-625, CDM-550.
NOTE: EDMAC supports only point to point M&C arrangements.
Network Data +
EDMAC comm
Network Data +
EDMAC comm
BUC
FSK is BUC Option
LNA LNB
CSAT
CDM-625
The modem’s EDAMC feature can be used for monitor

or control of the local Modem & ODU and also the
distant Modem & ODU via the satellite link.
Remote NMS
CDM-625 Control
Port
RS-485 or
RS-232
ESC++
What is ESC++ ?
ESC++ (Asynchronous serial M&C Channel + AUPC )
• ESC++ mode provides the following features:

– Asynchronous RS-232 /485 terminal port to communicate with remote site equipment
over the satellite link
– Can be used for point to point M&C, or star network M&C
– Any command format can go through this M&C channel to the customer’s equipment
– Flexable addressing schemes can be used for network arrangement
– AUPC function with bi-directional Eb/No monitor, same as EDMAC mode
– Note: There is no error detection (see EDMAC features), so M&C is subject to link BER conditions.
ESC++
ESC++ (RS-232 Overhead channel)
No Overhead
Customer data
Send / Rcv.
Customer data only on the satellite link
Modem
 Use of this remote interface mode requires simple cable

connected from rear panel of modem to the external equipment.
Customer data CDM-625

Modem ESC++ Overhead
Send / Rcv.
Mux / Demux (AUPC feature is also available)
Overhead
Port
RS-232 RS-232
Or Or
RS-485 RS-485
Asynchronous RS232/485 Overhead Channel
CDM-625 ESC modes:

ESC DATA COMMUNICATION
RS-232 / 485
• ESC++
• D&I with ESC++
• Hi-Rate IBS
• Single equipment can be monitored at a remote sites via the ECS with RS232.
• Multiple equipment can be monitored at a remote sites via the ECS with RS485.
The ESC baud rate has a selectable (min – max) based on % of the primary traffic
data rates selected. The ESC menu selection is provided to select RS-232 or RS-
485 and the data channel format 8-None-1 / 7-even-2 / etc...
AUPC Operation Features
S1 S2
Operation without AUPC

Hub Remote
Daily operating level required for
11dB Eb/No fade margin, no AUPC
7dB Eb/No Minimum Eb/No level required to

maintain BER 10-8
S1 S2 S1 S2
Without AUPC all stations must be set to operated at the RF power levels that
provide the extra margin needed to maintain data BER as required for the
network traffic during bad weather conditions. For example operation at 11dB
Eb/No at all stations will provide for a margin level of 4dB over possible fades
during any 24hrs/day for C-Band and 8dB extra for Ku-Band.
Without AUPC Operation
S1 S2
Hub Remote
Daily operating level required for fade
11dB Eb/No margin, no AUPC
7dB Eb/No Minimum Eb/No level required to

maintain BER 10-8
S1 S2 S1 S2
RSL RSL
In this case weather conditions at the S2 station area has caused the signal
condition to degrade to 7dB Eb/No level. This is the minimum allowable for
maintaining operation at BER 10-8.
Link (with) AUPC Operation
S1 S2
Operation with AUPC

Hub Remote
11dB Eb/No Daily operating level, no AUPC

8dB Eb/No
7dB Eb/No
Minimum Eb/No level for BER 10-8
S1 S2 S1 S2
In this case the stations are maintaining operation at BER 10-9, 8dB Eb/No,
saving 10 Watts per channel. Also in this case the Original system design
is still in place at all stations, which has SSPA systems and dish sizes able
to supply RF power levels needed to achieve 11dB Eb/No during fade
conditions.
Link (with) AUPC Operation
S1 S2
Operation with AUPC

Hub Remote
11dB Eb/No Daily operating level, no AUPC

8dB Eb/No
7dB Eb/No
Minimum Eb/No level for BER 10-8
S1 S2 S1 S2
Tx Level up Tx Level up
In this case the AUPC feature has increased the TX IF signal levels as
required for the S1 to S2 link to maintain 8dB Eb/No with fade condition.
The stations are maintaining operation at BER 10-9, 8dB Eb/No, using the
additional RF power wattage available on the channels.
Open Network Configurations
Open Network Configurations
Still available, but rarely used in new installations.
Open Network features for IDR, IBS, D&I
IDR IBS Drop and Insert
IESS-308 IESS-309 IESS-309
Data Rate G.703, T1 or E1 G.703, RS-422, V.35 G.703, T1, E1, or
& Interface Multiples of 64K Fractional D&I
Usage Digital Voice Digital Data Digital Voice
Overhead Data rate + 96K Data rate x 16/15 Same as IBS
Data (1) 64k data or Engineering service Same as IBS
Content (2) 32k audio Chn. channel RS-232
+ Async. data at 1/2000
8K data channel or
+ Sync. Data at 1/480
4 Backward Alarms of the Terr data rate.
Backwards 4 backward alarm One backward alarm Same as IBS

alarms outputs and inputs Internal to the
Hardwired by the modems
user
Scrambling V.35 self Synchronous Same as IBS
synchronizing Doesn’t multiply
(self starting) errors
3 errors/1 err bit
Clear sky 1 x 10 –7 1 x 10 -8
BER-C/No
Mode Configurations
Configure
IBS
MODE: Tx= RS422 : IBS Rx= RS422 : IBS
(None IBS IDR D&Is EDMACs ESC++)
IBS interface circuits and operation modes are set by the

modem processor to provide the Open Network overhead ENTER
signaling features that are required.
IBS Interface Diagram
ALARM
MONITOR
ALARM BW ALARM
MONITOR FRAMING/TIMING INTERFACE MODEM
LOGIC (MUX) LOOPBACK MODULATOR
RS-232
ES TO ES ASYNC
INTERFACE TX DEJITTER These interface circuits are used
when the Open Network, overhead
signaling features are required.
BASEBAND
G.703 T1/E1 INTERFACE
LOOPBACK
CLK
OCTET RS-422 INTERFACE
DATA
CLK
V.35 INTERFACE
DATA
TX TERRESTRIAL CLOCK
EXTERNAL CLOCK
CLOCK SYNTH.
INTERNAL CLOCK
IBS Interface Diagram
ALARM
MONITOR
FORM-C
PRIMARY
MODEM INTERFACE
LOOPBACK ALARMS FORM-C
DEMODULATOR PRIMARY
DESCRAMBLER
BW
ALARMS
DEFRAME/TIMING
LOGIC (DEMUX) RS-232
ES TO ES ASYNC
INTERFACE
These interface circuits are used
when the Open Network, overhead
signaling features are required. PLESIOCH.
BUFFER
INTF.
LPBK
T1/E1 INTERFACE G.703
CLK
RS-422 INTERFACE OCTET
DATA
CLK
V.35 INTERFACE
DATA
SATELLITE CLOCK
EXTERNAL REFERENCE CLOCK CLOCK SYNTH.

INTERNAL CLOCK
TRANSMIT TERRESTRIAL CLOCK
Drop & Insert Configurations
Step 1 New firmware version allows

Mode: Tx= G703B: Drop Rx= G703B: Insert
V.35, 422, 232, LVDS used
MODE (None IBS IDR D&Is EDMACs ESC++) with Drop & Insert
Step 2 Drop - Type= E1 - CCS Chan / TS Loop=N (Y/N)

D&I
Insert- Type= E1 - CCS Chan / TS
Step 3 Transmit Data Rate = 00512.000 kbps Use

TX/RX Notice data rate step size
is now 64kbps channel!
Select frame format based on Data Rate and Line Rate:

T1-D4 = Standard Frame 1536 @ 1,544 kbps Channel group size:
1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,15,16,20,24
T1-ESF = Extended Super Frame 1536 @ 1,544 kbps
E1-CCS = Common Channel Signaling 1920 @ 2,048 kbps Channel group size:
E1-CAS = Channel Associated Signaling 1920 @ 2,048 kbps 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,15,16,20,24,30
CDM-625 Compatible Family
A Legacy of Great Modems L-Band Terminals for Ku & C-Band

C-Band
Ku-Band
CDM-600
up to 20Mbps
8-PSK, 8-
8-QAM, & 16-
16-QAM
Open Networks
IDR, IBS, D&I
Closed Networks
EDMAC, ESC++, D&I++
CDM-600L
L-Band version of
CDM-
CDM-600
CDM-550 SDM-300L
Turbo to 5Mbps ODPA-40W
Turbo to 2.048Mbps
Open Network Ku-Band BUC
General Purpose
CDM-570L
Turbo to 5Mbps
8-PSK, 8-
8-QAM, & 16-
16-QAM
G.703 & EIA-
EIA-530
© Copyright Comtech EF Data 13 © Copyright Comtech EF Data 14
Standard modes of operation are possible with the existing product line of Comtech EF Data modems.
Notes
CDM-625 Monitor & Control
• Remote M&C Modes
• Front Panel LED and Display
• Front Panel Entry Buttons
Front Panel LED Indicators
Unit Status
Tx Traffic
Rx Traffic
On-Line
No Faults
OFF==Faults,
No OFF
Unit TxTraffic
Rx DataYesAIS,
AIS, or No Fault
or AGC
Traffic Clock
Level.Input,
Demodor may
Tx Carrier is “Off”
be Locked OK
Unit
ON Fault,
= Noequipment failureis Locked
Faults, and Demod
ON = No Faults and Tx Carrier is On.
Off Line
Indication of 1:1 or 1:N system status
On Line
Front Panel LED Indicators
Example with IF Loop-back “ON”
Unit Status Stored Event Stored fault Events
Tx Traffic Remote
No Stored Events
Rx Traffic EDMAC
On-Line Test Mode Local Control
•EDMAC Idle “or” Remote Control

•EDMAC Master “or”
•Transparent Mode = Blinking
ODU Comm Problem
Test
OrModes Off
ODU Fault
EDMAC Slave
Test Modes Active
Front Panel Configuration Entry
Press Enter or Clear to bring up Select Menu
SELECT: Configuration Test Monitor

Info Store/Load Utility ODU FAST
ENTER
Use Arrow Keys to select Menu Items
Press
Remote M&C Web Browser Interface (GUI)
The CDM-625 operating system includes a Web

Browser display mode. By setting the modem
remote mode to Ethernet and entering the IP
address of the modem on the address line of the
Web Browser the user has various access levels
determined by the User name and Password.
User: comtech
Pass: comtech
Web-browser M&C
Admin and Op-center level login allows
setting the modem configuration. If the User
logs in at the Monitor level then the
configuration is locked and only viewing the
configuration and status details is allowed.
Telnet M&C with Hyperterminal
There is a disadvantage when using the Windows DOS
prompt for Telnet, in that, it does not display long history of
replies from the modem.
For example, <0/FRW? Is a multi-line reply, but the DOS

window will show only a single line over-written by the
previous lines. The recommendation is to use
HyperTerminal as the Telnet communication screen.
1. In the HyperTerminal (Properties) select Connect using TCP/IP

2. ASCII setup, as shown
CDM-625 Design Features
• Data Connections
• Fault & Alarm Connections
• Monitor & Control Connections
• IF Connections
CDM-625 Rear Panel Connections
External RS-232/485
Timebase Dual Audio Ethernet
Traffic and
Quad E1 Modem L-Band TX
70/140 RX M&C
Alarms
70/140 TX
L-Band RX
Power Entry
and Switch
M&C IDR Overhead
RS232/485 Data and Alarms
CnC
Reference Traffic Data 1:1 Switch
1:N Mode G.703(U) ASI(DVB) Interface
LED
Traffic Data
Traffic Data G.703(Balanced)
RS-422 V.35
LVDS HSSI
CDM-625 Redundancy (1:1 Switch)
• CRS-170A 1:1
• CRS-180 1:1
Redundancy Switching 1:1 (L-Band)
CDM-625
L-Band mode
CRS-170A
CDM-625
L-Band mode
Redundancy Switching 1:1 (70/140 IF)
The CRS-180 supports redundancy switching of IF by use of

an internal TX Relay and RX signal Splitter (50 Ohm).
For operation of antenna diversity systems the modem
software also disables the TX signal of the Off-line modem.
CDM-625 CRS-180
CDM-625
CRS-180 Interconnections
CRS-180 Interconnections
CnC Menu :
CnC PMSI Mode: Idle

( Idle, Redundancy, Talk, Listen ) All data connections made via “Y-cables”, except for Ethernet
Network Data Connection
CnC Synchronization  Command and Faults link 
CRS-180 Operation
When the CRS-180 or 170A is connected to the modems, they automatically operate as a redundant pair.
The configuration of the “Online” is transferred to the “Offline” modem every few seconds. Only the
Online modem needs to be configured. Either modem can act as the Primary. The modems need to have
equal features and firmware versions installed.
The modem Alarm Mask settings control what Tx /Rx alarms are reported, and as so, possible to cause a
switch-over. The switch Alarm Mask “DIP Settings” tell the switch to ignore (Tx / Rx) and only switch on
Unit Alarms.
Redundant 1:1 system for IP traffic
CRS-180
In the 1:1 configuration the Online modem will have its Ethernet traffic port enabled and the Offline modem
will have its Ethernet port disabled. The Ethernet switch assigns traffic flow based on the CAM table entry of
each port, maintained in its memory. While the Online modem is operating normally the switch will have
learned the associated MAC address and mapped traffic to the port. IF the online modem has a fault the
switch-over will enable Modem B’s Ethernet port will turn off Modem A’s.
The link status change of the ports will forced the Ethernet switch to relearn the associations between the
new Port MAC the network MAC(s). Traffic will then start to be routed to the Ethernet port of the B modem
which has now come online.
ODU control via FSK channel
FSK Remote ODU comm feature:

The CDM-Modem equipment and the Comtech
Transceivers have an FSK communication channel built
into the Receive IF path. The RX IF cable that provides
the Satellite down-link signals, also provides the Modem
to ODU control signal path.
The modem’s ODU Menu provides full monitor and

control of the transceiver’s configuration.
The ODU Menu also provides monitor and control of

the 1:1 Redundant Transceiver system.
ODU Mounting and Interface
LNB
TRF
RX L-band
Cable
Upper
Bracket
BUC
Lower “L”
Bracket
TX L-band 1. L-Band RX IF
Cable 2. 10MHz Ref.
3. DC Voltage
1. L-Band TX IF
2. 10MHz Ref. CDM-625 Modem provides all of these signals
3. DC Voltage and ODU power via the TX and RX IF ports.
4. FSK (BUC Option)
Data Interface Connections
Pin Generic Signal description Direction EIA-422/ V.35 EIA-232 Circuit

EIA 530 No
1 Shield - Shield FG AN 101
2 Transmit Data A DTE to Modem SD A SD A BA 103
3 Receive Data A Modem to DTE RD A RD A BB 104
7 Signal Ground - SG SG AB 102
8 Receiver Ready A Modem to DTE RR A RLSD * CF 109
9 Receive Clock B Modem to DTE RT B SCR B - 115
10 Receiver Ready B Modem to DTE RR B - - 109
11 Transmit Clock B DTE to Modem TT B SCTE B - 113
12 Internal Transmit Clock B Modem to DTE ST B SCT B - 114
14 Transmit Data B DTE to Modem SD B SD B - 103
15 Internal Transmit Clock A Modem to DTE ST A SCT A DB 114
16 Receive Data B Modem to DTE RD B RD B - 104
17 Receive Clock A Modem to DTE RT A SCR A DD 115
24 Transmit Clock A DTE to Modem TT A SCTE A DA 113
NOTES:
 Receiver ready is an EIA-232-level control signal on a V.35 interface
 DO NOT CONNECT SIGNALS TO PINS WHICH ARE NOT SHOWN - these pins are reserved for
use by the redundancy system
 ‘B’ signal lines are not used for EIA-232 applications
 For X.21 operation, use the EIA-422 pins, but ignore Receive Clock if the Modem is DTE, and ignore
Transmit clocks if the Modem is DCE
Note - The 25-pin interface has 2 configurations [Normal and 1:N] modes.
1:N Mode Normal Mode
This table shows the 25-pin data I/O port

when it is configured to EIA-530 interface port,
and when set for the redundancy switching
option.
This interface configuration is selected in

the Utilities / Redundancy menu.
1:N mode: (use with CAUTION!)

Enable (Enable, Disable)
DTR A NO CONNECTION
DTR B NO CONNECTION
Interface board PL/9076
BASEBAND
FRAMING
INT CLK CARD
DDS
TX G703 T1/E1 MUX
DEFRAMER AND To
INTERFACE Modulator
TX FRAMING
(IBS, IDR, D&I
Data Input/Output to user network
TX AUDIO INTERFACE OR EDMAC) TX REED-

SOLOMON
TX Data
WITH
RS-422, V.35 OR IBS OR
SCRAMB-
LER
TX Clock
RS-232 EDMAC
INTERFACE SCRAM-
BLER
ENC CLK
LVDS DDS
INTERFACE
TX LINE
G703 T2/E2 DECODING
INTERFACE
MICROPROCESSOR
OVERHEAD & PROCESSOR FPGA
INTERFACES
INS CLK
RX LINE
RX DE-FRAMING
(IBS, IDR, D&I OR
DDS To
RX AUDIO INTERFACE
ENCODING EDMAC) Demodulator
RX REED-
SOLOMON
RX G703 T1/E1 BUFFER IBS OR EDMAC
WITH DE-
SCRAMB-
RX Data
DEFRAMER AND INSERT DESCRAMBLER LER
INTERFACE RX Clock
DEMUX
INS CLK BUFFER CLK
DDS DDS
RS-422 (DCE) Interface Circuits
RS-422 Signal Levels
5 Volt Send Data A Internal Signal Levels
0 Volt Z = 150 5 Volt
5 Volt 0 Volt
Send Data Send Data B
0 Volt
RS-422 Receiver
5 Volt Terr Timing A
0 Volt 5 Volt
5 Volt 0 Volt
Send Timing 0 Volt Terr Timing B
SCT A
SCT B
Serial Clock Timing
RS-422 Driver
Recv Data A
Recv Data B
Receive Data
Recv Time A
Recv Time B
Receive Timing
Recv Ready A
Receiver Ready
Recv Ready B
Receive Ready
RS-422 Cable Length vs. Data Rate
V.35 Interface Circuits
V.35 Signal Levels
+/- 20% V.35 DATA Receiver
Send Data 0.55 Volt Send Data A
0 Volt 5 Volt
Possible .6v Offset Z = 100
0.55 Volt 0 Volt
Send Data B
0 Volt
V.35 DATA Receiver
Send Timing 0.55 Volt Terr Timing A
0 Volt 5 Volt
0 Volt
0. 55 Volt Terr Timing B
0 Volt
SCT A
SCT B
Serial Clock Timing V.35 Driver
Recv Data A
Recv Data B
Receive Data
Recv Time A
Recv Time B
Receive Timing
+9 Volts
RR
RR +3 Volts 5 Volt
min. 0 Volt
V.35 CONTROL Receiver Ready
-3 Volts
-9 Volts
Interface Circuits
LVDS Signal Levels
LVDS Receiver
1.43 Volt
Send Data A
1.07 Volt 5 Volt
Z = 120
1.43 Volt 0 Volt
Send Data 1.07 Volt Send Data B
LVDS Receiver
1.43 Volt Terr Timing A
1.07 Volt 5 Volt
1.43 Volt 0 Volt
Send Timing 1.07 Volt Terr Timing B
HSSI Connections
HSSI on SCCI connector with ECL voltages
M&C Remote Control Connections
Pin Description 9pin Male
1 Ground
2 EIA-232 Transmit Data (Out)
3 EIA-232 Receive Data (In)
4 Reserved - do not use this pin
5 Ground
6 EIA-485 Receive Data B (In)
7 EIA-485 Receive Data A (In)
8 EIA-485 Transmit Data B (Out)
9 EIA-485 Transmit Data A (Out)
RS-485 interface is required for multiple modems tied

to common remote M&C buss.
ESC++ Data Port RS-232 or RS-485
External Reference port supports input of 10, 5, 2, or 1MHz Ref.

Port can operate as 10MHz source (Internal + Output 10MHz)
ASI Data Connections
• ASI mode supports only DVB 188 Framed mode at this release.
Sync Byte | Data content of 187 bytes (Total frame 188 bytes)
47 hex MPEG or Other Data packets
ASI Interface Circuits
Receiver
ASI Signal Levels
Recovered Data
5 Volt
Nominal 0 Volt
Unbalanced Signal De-Frame
800mVpp
+/- 10% Z = 75
Recovered Clock
BNC Connector 5 Volt
0 Volt
ASI Interface supports:

Data Rate 1 to 25 Mbits/s
188 Frame mode (Null packets sent when data source not connected.)
Maximum cable maybe up to 100 Meters
G.703 Data Connections
• G.703 Un-balanced ports supports T1 / E1 / T2 / E2 (Unframed)

• Optional feature is (Drop & Insert) for T1/E1 networks
D&I at E1 is typically on Unbalanced G.703

D&I at T1 is typically on Balanced G.703
G.703 Interface Circuits
G.703 Receiver
G.703 Signal Levels
G.703 Recovered Data
Send Data
3 V peak Tx Data Tip AMI 5 Volt
to peak Z = 300 B8ZS 0 Volt
3 V peak HDB3
to peak Tx Data Ring
Balanced Signal
G.703 Recovered Clock
5 Volt
0 Volt
269 ns
(244 + 25)
20%
10% 10%
V = 100%
194 ns
(244 – 50)
20%
Nominal pulse
Unbalanced Signal
Nominal
50%
4.74Vpp
+/- 10% 244 ns
Z = 75
BNC Connector 219 ns

(244 – 25)
10% 10%
10% 10%
0%
20%
488 ns
(244 + 244)
Note – V corresponds to the nominal peak value. T1818840-92
FIGURE 15/G.703
Mask of the pulse at the 2048 kbit/s interface
Standard -&- Quad E1 (Balanced G.703)
The Balanced G.703 port supports T1 & E1,

either unframed or Drop & Insert .
Quad E1 Interface (Full E1 -or- Drop & Insert)
Any combination of Full-E1 and D&I is possible.
With all combinations, addition of EDMAC is

possible by choosing (FrmQDI) mode.
87
Quad E1 Cable Adapter
CDM-625 Quad E1 Clocking
All 4 Data Ports require common clocking.

Data Shown here, the signals being applied to ports 1, 2, 3, 4 are
system synchronized from a common time-base.
Tx data signals into QDI
1) The QDI Interface will capture the signal timing from the
1 C first port connected. The QDI Interface will remain using the
D first applied data signal as the clocking reference.
2 M 2) Disconnecting the active timing source will cause the QDI to
select another port as the clocking source.
3) There is no indication provided as which port the QDI has
3 Q captured as the clock source.
D 4) Connecting and disconnecting signals to the QDI multiple
I times can cause clocking trouble and require reset of the
4 modem.
5) The QDI cannot resynchronize the clocking of the TX
inputs. The data must be synchronized before arrival.
Clock
CDM-625 QDI Synchronization
BCS HUB Transmit Traffic 

Receive Traffic 
Network CDM-625 Cannot use 3 & 4 if not synchronized to 1 & 2.
Master clock needs to be applied to #3 & #4.
1
Tx Timing
Terr In this example, two possible conditions can exist:
2
-----------
1) Clocking from 1 or 2, the data signals on ports 3 & 4
3 Buffer = will be transmitted and received with errors.
RxSat
2) Clocking from 3 or 4, the data signals on ports 1 & 2
4 will be transmitted and received with errors.
3 &4 Network data not Sync to BCS

Clock
» Do Not connect Loop-back to unused ports !

This will cause clocking conflicts, bit errors an Frame Sync faults.
The IP Interface Operation
Provides Ethernet bridge over satellite.
Modem Fault Relays
Pin Description 15pin Male

1 Ground
2 Receive AGC voltage
14 TX NO 3 Receive Q sample (for constellation display)
4 Unit Fault Relay - Common
7 TX COM
FAULT or 5 Unit Fault Relay - Normally Open
6 TX NC NO POWER 6 Transmit Traffic Relay - Normally Closed
7 Receive Traffic Relay - Common
8 Receive Traffic Relay - Normally Open
9 External Carrier Off input
14 TX NO 10 ---- No Connection ----
OK
11 Receive I sample (for constellation display)
7 TX COM
12 Unit Fault Relay - Normally Closed
6 TX NC 13 Transmit Traffic Relay - Common
14 Transmit Traffic Relay - Normally Open
15 Receive Traffic Relay - Normally Closed
Normally Open – going closed is the NON-FAULTED state
CDM-625 Design Overview
Internal Functional Blocks
Basic Block Diagram
This is what we are changing with the front panel buttons.
Symbol
Data Rate
Rate
Network ENCODING MODULATOR
Reed Solomon TX IF
Overhead
TPC •21/44 BPSK

Interface
 IDR /IBS N / K
LDPC • 1/2
 D&I • 225/205 QPSK
VIT • 3/4
 Quad D&I • 219/201  8PSK
SEQ • 2/3
EDMAC/2/3 • 220/200 TCM •7/8  16QAM
Network DECODING DEMODULATOR

Overhead
Reed Solomon RX IF
 Network Overhead features (Optional)

FireberdTM  High Order Modulation features (Optional)
BERT
Configuring the Data Rate and SubMux
Data Rate x Ratio

Ethernet Port Adds Symbol
9% to 11% Rate
Reed - Scrambler FEC Encoder
Data Rate
Primary Data Port Sub - Mux Solomon Diff. Encode Modulation
25pin/QDI/G.703
ESC/M&C
Overhead %
Overhead %
0.4% to 11% Overhead % is added to
Depending on the combined data rate.
type selected
SubMux = On
Primary (2,048 kbps ) + (Ratio [1/9] IP data) = Composite
2,048 kbps + 227,555.5 bps (OH) = Composite = 2,275.555 kbps
Configuring the Modulator
Available Ratios
You may notice the (see: Viterbi QPSK ½)

Composite = Symbol Rate
How can the SubMux not be using any data
bits for the framing?
Well the mux does require some frame bits,
and that is borrowed from the IP Data rate.
So, the IP Data rate displayed is actually a
very small % lessthan the displayed value.
Intelsat Self-Synchronous Scrambler
Adverse state detector

Outputs a “1” after counting 31 repeated Zeros
Reset
“1”
Shift Registers
RES RES RES RES RES RES RES

D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q
CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q
1 2 3 4-8 9 10-19 20
Clock
Out Data/
Scrambler De-scrambler Scrambled Data
Input Data/
Input Scrambled Data
• V.35 Self-synchronizing scrambler (IESS-308 / 315)

• Disadvantage- multiplies 1 input error into 3 output errors.
Forward Error Correction
• The space channel is NOISY, Power is limited, Space signal loss ~200dB
• What are the possible methods ?
• Need to communicate reliably and cost effectively !
1. Parity Detect
– Detect errors, re-transmit data if required
– High Noise requires to transmit multiple times = Inefficient
– Requires a return channel ( Note: this method is used in IP/TCP )
• What’s the FEC?
2. FEC (Forward Error Correction)

– Adds parity and structure to the Transmitted data
– Decoder can Detect and Correct errors at the receiver
– No return channel required (direct benefit to Broadcast systems)
– Greatly reduces required power (saves $$$ and time)
Encoder + QPSK Modulator Block Diagram
• This encoder function is specified by Intelsat as shown in the IESS-309/308 spec.
• Convolutional Code, Rate 1/2 “mother of all codes” I
• Can puncture ½ rate code for other code rates (3/4, 7/8, 17/18)
• Need to do Data Clock rate exchange based on the code rate selected;
this is the one factor of the final Symbol rate.
Q
900
Convolutional Viterbi
∿ PHASE
SHIFT
90o
Encoder, K=7
∿∿ 0 1 0,1 1,1
I Channel
FILTER
⊗ 180o
0,0
270o
1,0
0o
∑ OUTPUT
Q Channel
FILTER
⊗
Two possible states (0/1) into QPSK Modulator 0 1
CDM-625 Optional Features
» Turbo/LDPC Module FAST Options per Data Rate

• LDPC / Turbo Codec, Data Rates available in 5Mbps steps up to 25Mbps
• Forward Error Coding is utilized to reduce the signal power requirements of the link. The
FEC coding gain (increase of BER performance vs. Eb/No) is realized by the insertion of
additional bits into the information stream which increases the probability of demodulating
and correcting the data information. The coding gain is equal to the difference between the
Eb/No required for a certain BER performance without FEC to the Eb/No required for
operation with FEC. The Eb/No to BER curves presented on the graphs in the owner’s
manual show the relationship of Eb/No to BER values for the various FEC and modulation
configurations. For example TPC (Turbo) provides around 3dB coding gain over Viterbi.
• QPSK, 8-PSK, 8-QAM, 16-QAM

• FEC 21/44, 3/4, 7/8, .95
• LDPC at FEC rates of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4
Turbo + QPSK Modulator
900
PHASE
Turbo Encoder replaces SHIFT
Convolutional Encoder
∿∿
90o
1 0 0,1 1,1
I
I Channel 180o 0o
Tx FILTER 00, 1800 ‘A’ PHASES
Data TPC 0,0 1,0
Encoder 270o
OUTPUT
Q
Q Channel 900, 2700 ‘B’ PHASES
FILTER
TPC 1/2 Rate is actually 21/44 1 0
Two possible states per channel into

the modulator creates basic QPSK.
LDPC with QPSK Modulator Block Diagram
90o
900
Selected LDPC Code Rate includes PHASE 0,1 1,1
the overhead of the BCH encoder SHIFT
180o 0o
bits and alignment.
∿∿ 0 1
0,0 1,0
I Channel 270o
FILTER 00, 1800 ‘A’ PHASES
Tx
Data BCH +
LDPC
Encoder OUTPUT
Q Channel 900, 2700 ‘B’ PHASES

FILTER
0 1
LDPC 1/2 Rate is actually,

BCH block + some x/y LDPC = (as the final result) 1/2 Rate FEC
FEC Performance Comparison
FEC & Modulation- Spectral Efficiency vs. Eb/No at BER = 10-7
8-QAM Modulation
8-QAM 16-QAM
Modulation Factor Same Data Rate Lower Bandwidth
Modulation factor = “m”
QPSK 8PSK 16QAM

m = 2bits/Hz m = 3bits/Hz m=4
5 Watt carrier: 5 Watt carrier: 5 Watt carrier:
5 Watts = 2.5W per bit 5 Watts = 1.67W per bit 5 Watts = 1.25W per bit
2 bits/Hz 3 bits/Hz 4 bits/Hz
FEC MOD CODE DATA RATE Max. Data Rates
Viterbi BPSK 1/2 Rate 6,250 kbps
QPSK 1/2 Rate 12.5 Mbps
3/4 Rate 15 Mbps
7/8 Rate 17.5 Mbps
Turbo BPSK 5/16 Rate 3,125 kbps
21/44 Rate 4,772 kbps
QPSK 21/44 Rate 9,545 kbps

3/4 Rate 15 Mbps
7/8 Rate 17.5 Mbps
17/18 Rate 18,888.9 kbps
8PSK 3/4 Rate 25 Mbps

8QAM 7/8 Rate 25 Mbps
17/18 Rate 25 Mbps
16QAM 3/4 Rate 25 Mbps
7/8 Rate 25 Mbps
106
OK, Modulation looks not too hard?
What is the Next Step ?
Break Time !
CDM-625 Configuration
• Configuration Setup via Front Panel Menus
Front Panel Configuration Entry
Press Enter or Clear to

Bring up Top Menu

ENTER
Press
Use Arrow Keys to
Highlight Menu Item
Modem Utilities
SELECT: Configuration Test Monitor ENTER
Utilities: Set-RTC Display-Brightness

LED 1:1 1:N Circuit-ID Firmware Em
Press ENTER key to force Unit into

Standby (1:1 Only)
1:N mode: (use with CAUTION!)

Enable (Enable, Disable)
Configuring the Modem
Configure CONFIG: All Mode Tx Rx Clocks D&I

CnC EDMAC Misc Mask Remote IP
Menu ENTER
ALL > Takes User through full Configuration

Remote > Remote Control Selections
MODE > Interface and Overhead Mode
Tx & Modulation > Modulation & Transmit Configuration
Rx & Demodulation > Demodulation & Receive Configuration
Clocks > Tx and Rx Clocking Options
CnC > Carrier and Carrier Configuration
D&I > D&I Channel Slot assignments
EDMAC > EDMAC Configuration
MISC > Interface and Overhead Options
Alarm Masks > ALARMS (Mask / Enable)
Ethernet > IP Address, M&C, and Operational configuration
Configuring the Modem
Configure All = Start

ALL ( Stop , Start )
ENTER
Use to choose (Start) to begin or (Stop) to quit.
Remote Control = Local

(Local, Serial remote, Ethernet)
Your list of
Choices Do not change to Serial or Ethernet at this menu.
Only local mode will allow changes beyond this menu.
ENTER
Interface = RS-232 (232, 485-2, 485-4)

Address= 0 Fixed 9600 Baud
Configuring the Interface
Mode: Tx= RS422 : None Rx= RS422 : None

(422 V35 G703s Audio LVDS HSSI IP ASI) ENTER
MODE: Tx= RS422 : None Rx= RS422 : None

(None IBS IDR D&Is EDMACs ESC++)
 Addition of Overhead types reduces the Maximum data

rate to less then 25Mbps, and increases slightly the Tx
Power required to maintain Eb/No vs. BER performance.
1 2
Configure Tx-IF: Carrier = ON (On, Off, RTI ) POCO=Off

Transmit IF Spectrum Invert = Off (Off, On)
ENTER
• Spectrum Invert = OFF (typical for 70/140MHz)
RTI = (Receiver ->Transmit Inhibit mode) In this mode the TX IF will go OFF about 10 Seconds after loss of
RX Carrier Detect. The TX IF will go ON after the modem again obtains RX Carrier Detect.
2
POCO = (Power On / Carrier Off ->Transmit Inhibit mode) In this mode the TX IF was ON , then after loss of
primary power the TX IF will be set to OFF after the modem again obtains primary power.
Configure Tx-IF: Carrier = ON (On, Off, RTI ) POCO=Off

Transmit IF Spectrum Invert = Off (Off, On)
• Spectrum Invert = (Off / On) Select as required for converter type

Spectrum Invert = OFF is the typical setting required for operation with C-Band and Ku-Band
frequency converter equipment designed for 70MHz & 140MHz IF frequency systems. The modem
has the ability to generate a frequency inverted spectrum when the RF conversion equipment (C-band
BUC’s) invert the RF signal spectrum during the conversion stage. The Invert feature provides a way
to have the “double inverted” RF signal have the normal spectrum orientation on the uplink signal.
Normal spectrum orientation is required by the many of satellite providers.
950MHz BEFORE 980MHz 950MHz AFTER 980MHz
Modem 1 Modem 2 Modem 2

Normal Spectrum Normal Spectrum Inverted Spectrum
Low High Low High Low High High Low
Configure Tx-IF Frequency: 0070.0000 MHz

Transmit IF
• TX Frequency range 50 MHz - - 180 MHz ENTER
(Optional) • L-Band 950 MHz – 2,000 MHz
Entering the frequency automatically selects the band of operation.

The Tx and Rx only operates on one band at a time
*
Configure Output Power: Mode = Manual (Manual, AUPC)
Tx Power Level = -25.0 dBm
* AUPC Requires EDMAC’s or ESC++ active on the link.

ENTER
AUPC = Automatic Up-link Power Control
Configure Encoder = TPC ( None, Vit, Seq, TCM, TPC, LDPC)

Encoder
Reed-Solomon = Off ( Off, On )
• TPC/LDPC and VersaFEC will not be displayed if Board is not installed.
NONE = All modes FEC will show 1/1, and Differential allowed to be = Off
ENTER
VIT = VITERBI
SEQ = SEQUENTIAL
TCM = 8PSK
REED-SOLOMON is not used with TPC, VersaFEC, or LPDC encoding
Configure Modulation = QPSK (B, Q, OQ, 8-PSK, 16Q, 8QAM)

Modulation
FEC Rate = 7/8 ( 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, .95 )
Use to choose Modulation format.
Use to move to FEC Rate line.
ENTER
Available FEC Rates will change with Modulation format selection.
(QPSK at ½ is actually 21/44) (.95 is derived from 17/18)
Configure
Transmit Data Rate = 00512.000 kbps
Tx Data Rate
Date Invert = Off Clock Invert = Off ENTER
The available Date Rate range is based on the currently selected FEC, Modulation type,
and Overhead mode. Also the data rates are limited to predetermined rates when G.703
Interface type or Drop & Insert modes are selected. (Also this is limited to 5Mb, 10Mb,
or 25Mb) (See FAST Options)
Example: Selectable Data Rate Range, 20Mb Option
BPSK 1/2 18 kbps to 5.0 Mbps

QPSK/OQPSK 1/2 18 kbps to 10.0 Mbps
(TPC) 8-PSK ¾ 40 kbps to 25.0 Mbps
(TCP) 16-QAM ¾ 54 kbps to 25.0 Mbps
Configure
Data/Clock Transmit Data Rate = 00512.000 kbps
Date Invert = Off Clock Invert = Off ENTER
Normally this configuration is set to OFF.
The (Data & Clock Invert) selection allows the Transmit data input signal to be logically flipped
relative to the Transmit Clock signal, or the Clock maybe flipped. Data or Clock inversion is typically
caused by cable wiring mistakes, but may also maybe due to digital design differences.
Invert = ON is used when logical inversion is required to correct the data condition.
Normal 1 1 0 1 Invert = OFF/ON as required

1 1 0 1
Tx Data Input
Inverted
Tx Timing
Tx Timing
Normal = OFF (0v)
Invert = ON (5v)
External Signals Internal Signals
Configure
Tx Sub-Mux Tx Sub-Mux: Off (Off, On)
Rate Ratio = 1/9 (IP / Synchronous) ENTER
The “Sub-Mux” adds the IP Traffic channel (see: 4-port Ethernet bridge) combined with any one of
the other data port / overhead selections.
The ratio is shown in the menu selection with the IP multiplier on the left.
In the case where a user has the main data rate + the IP data rate going beyond the available
maximums [symbol rate or data rate] the modem will automatically limit the ratio values to those
that can be supported.
Example: Upper Composite data rate = 25 Mbps: Max Symbol rate = 12.500 Msps
HSSI data @22.500 Mbps + IP @2.500 Mbps (Ratio 1/9 ) = 25.000 Mbps (8PSK 3/4)
422 data @2.500 Mbps + IP @22.500 Mbps (Ratio 9/1 ) = 25.000 Mbps (8PSK 3/4)
Configure
Tx Scrambler Tx Scrambler = IESS (Normal, IESS, Off )
IESS-315 V.35 Scrambler
ENTER
+ EDMAC + SubMux --- requires selection of IESS-315

The “Normal” selection uses the Default Frame Scrambler, but this will cause unwanted
spikes on the carrier spectrum which effects the BER performance and may not be allowed
to operate on normal satellite links.
The Scrambler always needs to be ON unless some compatibility issue requires it to be OFF.
The Scrambler OFF, requires the Data transitions to be continuously random or pre-scrambled to maintain
carrier modulation and synchronization within the receiver. Bursts of TX data traffic activity will not run
error-free without the scrambler set to ON.
Scrambler configurations include:

• Frame Scrambler (Based on IDR, IBS, DROP&INSERT, EDMAC, ECS++)
• Normal [Default] (Based on combination of above with Viterbi, TPC, TCM-8PSK)
• IESS-315 (employs the V.35 self- synchronous scrambler
Turbo FEC scrambler choices:
• Comtech Turbo [Default] scrambler
• IESS-315 (employs the V.35 self- synchronous scrambler) TPC + CnC operation = IESS-315 forced
All other FEC modes scrambler choices:

• Comtech [Default] scrambler  other FEC + CnC operation = May show Default but really 315
• Both Normal and IESS-315 are selectable with use of Reed-Solomon.
Configuring the Demodulator
Configure
Receiver Acquisition Sweep Range = +/- 10 kHz
Spectrum Invert = Off ( Off, On )
ENTER
• Acquisition range 10kHz is the factory default value. This value can be used
for most operations. The acquisition range can be set more narrow for lower
symbol rates or wider range for LNB signals that drift (L-band case).
• Spectrum Invert = OFF
OFF is the typical setting with frequency converter equipment designed for 70-
140MHz IF. The modem has the ability to invert the received spectrum in the
case where the RF is inverted in the down-link conversion stage. The received
signal must be presented to the decoder stage with the normal spectrum
relationship so the I & Q can be properly locked.
Configure Rx-IF Frequency: 0070.0000 MHz

Receive IF
• RX Frequency range 50 MHz - - 180 MHz ENTER

(Optional) • L-Band 950 MHz – 2,000 MHz
Entering the frequency automatically selects the band of operation.

The Tx and Rx can operate in split band mode.
Configure Decoder = TPC ( None, Vit, Seq, TCM, TPC, LDPC )

Decoder
Reed-Solomon = Off ( Off, On )
* With Viterbi operation the Reed-Solomon = ON selection will continue to the menu display of
N/K values associated with the chosen operation Mode, be it CEFD or IESS. The IESS-310
value of (219/201) is selectable if it does not conflict with the overhead mode.
Reed-Solomon Decoding = Standard (126 / 112 )

( Standard (126/112 ), IESS - 310 ( 219 / 201 )
Example:
ENTER IBS Overhead
Configure
Demodulation
*
Demodulation = 8-PSK (B, Q, OQ, 8-PSK, 16Q, 8QAM)
FEC Rate = 7/8 ( 3/4, 7/8, 0.95 )
ENTER
Configure
Receive Data Rate = 00512.000 kbps
Rx Data Rate
Date Invert = Off Clock Invert = Off
The available Date Rate range is based on the currently selected FEC, Demodulation
type, and Overhead mode. The data rates are limited to predetermined rates when G.703
Interface type or Drop & Insert modes are selected. ENTER
The (Data Invert) selection allows the receive data output signal to be logically flipped
relative to the Receive Clock signal, normally this configuration is set to OFF.
Invert = ON is used if a cable wiring or logical inversion is required in the data path.
External Signals
Internal Signals
Normal
Rx Data
Rx Data
Rx Timing Invert
Normal = OFF (0v) Rx Timing

Invert = ON (5v)
Configure
Tx Sub-Mux Rx Sub-Mux: Off (Off, On)
Rate Ratio = 1/9 (IP / Synchronous) ENTER
The “Sub-Mux” adds the IP Traffic channel (see: 4-port Ethernet bridge) combined with any one
of the other data port / overhead selections.
The ratio is shown in the menu selection with the IP multiplier on the left.
In the case where a user has the main data rate + the IP data rate going beyond the available
maximums [symbol rate or data rate] the modem will automatically limit the ratio values to those
that can be supported.
Example: Upper Composite data rate = 25 Mbps: Max Symbol rate = 12.500 Msps
HSSI data @22.500 Mbps + IP @2.500 Mbps (Ratio 1/9 ) = 25.000 Mbps (8PSK 3/4)
422 data @2.500 Mbps + IP @22.500 Mbps (Ratio 9/1 ) = 25.000 Mbps (8PSK 3/4)
Configure
Rx Descrambler
Rx Descrambler = IESS (Normal, IESS, Off )

IESS-315 V.35 Descrambler
The Descrambler is always set to match the setting

of the Tx Scrambler used at the uplink station.
ENTER
See: Tx Scrambler for the recommendations and
limitation of scrambler choices.
Configure
Rx Descrambler
Rx Equalizer:
Enabled (Enabled, Disable)
The adaptive Rx Equalizer can be Enabled at all times.

The correction is predominantly seen during operation with
8-PSK, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM. The Equalizer is designed for
correction of linear distortions {Gain tilt & Group delay}.
Non-linear distortions such amplifier saturation effects are not ENTER
considered to be correctable with use of the equalizer.
Configure
EbNo ALARM Receive EbNo Alarm Point = 00.1 dB
ENTER
Set as required:
The Eb/No alarm can be set to trigger when the minimum allowed
Eb/No level of the downlink is reached. The alarm indication may
also be masked at any time in the Mask menu.
Configuring the Tx Clocking
Configure *
Tx Data Clock Transmit Clock = Internal ( SCT )
(Int (SCT), TxTerr (TT), RxLoop, ETTSTRxS)
ENTER
Set as required:
This configuration will depend on the network Data Equipment requirements and/or other network
configuration requirements. The modem will utilize the TT signal whenever it is detected at the I/O port.
The modem generates the SCT clock signal only when Internal, RX-Loop, or ETTSTRxS mode is selected.
• [Int SCT] the SCT signal is derived from Internal or External Reference depending on the selection.
• [Rx Loop] mode provides the Internal SCT which is referenced to the Rx Satellite Clock.
• [ETTSTRxS] the SCT is the Rx Sat Clock. (Tx and Rx data rates must be equal; Overhead = None
Configuring the Rx Buffer Clocking
Configure
Buffer Clock Clk = Rx-Sat ( Rx-Sat, Tx-Terr, Int (SCT) )
Buffer Size = 00016bytes (00002mS) Center
ENTER
Set RX Buffer Clocking as required:

This configuration will depend on the Data Equipment and Network timing
configuration requirements. Muxed data networks like to use Buffer
Clocking. Asynchronous systems (router data) don’t really need buffer.
The Buffer Size is set in Bytes. The Buffer time is also displayed in
(mSec) which is relative to the selected Rx Data Rate and G.703 type.
Plesiochronous Buffering Operation (Master to Master)
f1
f1 at Site A 2 independent Network clocks f2 at Site B f2

This will periodically cause data errors if buffering not used.
1) Incoming Traffic too Fast 2) Incoming Traffic too Slow
bit 1
bit 1 bit 1
ERROR bit 1 ERROR
bit 2
bit 2 bit 2 bit 2
bit 3
bit 3 bit 3
bit 4 bit 3
bit 3
bit 5 bit 5 bit 4
bit 4
bit 6
bit 6 bit 5
bit 5
bit 7
bit 7
bit 6 bit 6
Interface Interface
The small clock difference of the 2 sites will eventually fill and empty the buffers at the opposite sites. The amount
of the buffering size can be set to higher values if the Over/Under-flow needs to be delayed for a extended amount
of time. High-stability clocking or GPS reference can be used for reference.
136
Master and Master Clocking
• In Master/Master configuration both network sites run their data equipment on a local
network clocking.
• The limitation of this arrangement is that at some point the buffer at one site will Over-
flow and the other buffer will Under-flow, but weeks or months can pass before this
occurs if highly stable 10-10 clock sources are used at both networks.
Master Master
BUFFER CLOCK =
TX CLOCK SOURCE = TERRESTIAL
TX TERRESTIAL
RT
Tx Rx Buffer
TT
Network A Modem Modem Network B
RT Tx TT
Rx Buffer
TX CLOCK SOURCE =
BUFFER CLOCK =
TERRESTIAL
TX TERRESTIAL
At some time the Clocks will over run each other enough times to run the buffers full and empty.
What does the Buffer Do ?
The Buffer is holding the set # Bits between the incoming Satellite data and the output of the Receive Data.
Rx Data Buffer
Write 1 Read
Rx Sat Data Receive Data
Addr. 2 Addr.
4
[ From Demod ] [ To I/O port ]
Rx Satellite Clock Receive Timing
RX Buffer ( Selection = TX-TERR )
Tx Terrestrial Clock As shown here, timing signal from local data

equipment is being used to retrieve data from
External Clock the Rx Buffer at the rate required by the local
equipment.
138
Master Clocking (DTE sourced)
Data Equipment Modem
TX FIFO errors occur
whenever the Tx data source
is > +/- 100ppm of the
modem data rate setting. TX IF
TX
TT
SCT
SCT Internal
From
RT Decoder
Buffer
Equipment settings: Modem settings:

• Clock - Internal • Tx clock - Terr
• Rx buffer - Terr
If Tx rate < > Rx rate modem will

Mult/Div the Tx clock as required.
(Asymmetric)
Clock Clock
Master TT TT Master
User Modem Modem User
Same settings used at both ends

139
Master Clocking (Modem sourced)
Data Equipment At high data rates TT preferred. Modem
• TT not used in X.21
Ext. Ref.
TT TX IF
TX
SCT SCT Internal
From
RT Decoder RX IF
Buffer
Equipment settings: Modem settings:

• Clock (External) • Tx clock - Internal
• Rx buffer - Terr
SCT SCT
Clock Clock
Master Master
Same settings used at both ends

140
Loop-timing Operation (Master to Slave)
Network Source
f1
Modem Network
f1 +/- Doppler
Modem
Buffer f1 at Site A Hub clock reference loops back from Remote site B
The small clock difference of 2 x Doppler will be maintained by the Rx buffer at the Hub modem.
Over-flow / Under-flow will not appear as in the Master/Master case.
141
REMOTE SITE -- Slave Clocking (Loop-Timed)
Slaved Modem Data Equipment
TX IF
TT
TX
SCT Internal SCT
From
RX IF Decoder
RT
Buffer
Modem settings:
• Tx clock = TT (if DTE uses RT) Equipment settings:
• or Loop-Timed (if DTE uses SCT) • Clock = Loop or External
Data Equipment uses RT clock or
Rx buffer = Rx-Sat (all cases) SCT to complete the loop.
RT or SCT
Clock
Master TT
142
Master and Slave Clocking
• In Master/Slave configuration the remote data equipment will be synchronous to the Hub Timing
via the satellite path. This mode is very useful when multiple remote sites are recombined at the
Hub where Multiplex type data equipment must recombine the return data traffic.
+/- Doppler drift typically very small so it is not a

problem for the remote data equipment. The remote
Network equipment clocking mode needs to be set for external.
Mux Hub Site
+/- Doppler
BUFFER CLOCK =
TX CLOCK SOURCE = RX SATELLITE
TX TERRESTIAL
Slave
Master +/- Doppler x 2
Remote 1
TT
Tx No Buffer RT & RD RD
DSU/CSU Modem
RT
Modem TT & SD SD
Tx
Rx Buffer
TX CLOCK SOURCE =
BUFFER CLOCK =
TERRESTIAL
TX TERRESTIAL
Master RX Only Slave Remote 2
TT
Tx No Buffer RT & RD RD
DSU/CSU
Modem Modem
RT TT & SD SD
Rx Buffer Tx
Independent Clocking (IP Interface)
• In some cases the configuration of both network sites can be set to run their data
equipment on a local network clocking with out regard to a fixed reference at either
end. This is the case if using IP Routers or various steaming Video or Audio sources.
• The router serial interface can set to use the SCT signal from the modem as its
source. The buffer disabled and the size can be reduced to the minimum possible.
• This clocking configuration is fixed while in the IP Interface mode.
BUFFER CLOCK =
TX CLOCK SOURCE = RxSAT CLOCK
(SCT) INTERNAL
TT RT
Tx No Buffer
SCT Modem SCT
IP Router Modem IP Router
TT
RT
No Buffer Tx
TX CLOCK SOURCE =
BUFFER CLOCK =
(SCT) INTERNAL
RxSAT CLOCK
Configuring Extension Clocking (optional feature)
Configure
CEX G.703 Clock Extension, Mode: None
(None, Tx Lock, Ext Enable)
• In some cases it may be preferred that remote network sites run the data
equipment on the network Hub site clocking. For this case the Optional
CEX feature provides a way to supply E1 and other clock sources over
the satellite link.
ENTER
• The Hub modem is set for TX Lock
• The Remote modem is set for Ext Enable
(CEX Option)
Clock Extension Option 1
TX Lock Ext Enable
(CEX Option)
Ext Enable
(CEX Option)
Ext Enable
TX Lock
Configuring Extension Clocking (optional feature)
Configure
CEX Alarm G.703 Clock Extension:
Mask: Active (Active, Masked)
• Clock “Activity Alarm” may be set to Active for monitoring the network
clock source while using the Optional CEX feature. ENTER
• The Mask is set for Active to allow the Alarm
Configure
CEX Mode G.703 Clock Extension:
Interface: T1 (T1, E1-B, E1-U)
• Clock rate and source port will be set to for the network clock source
while using the Optional CEX feature. ENTER
Configuring Internal / External Reference
Configure
External Clock Frequency Reference: = Internal
(Internal (with O/P), 1, 2, 5, 10 MHz)
ENTER
• High stability time-base clock maybe applied if required for
network synchronization.
• (With O/P) means the Internal time-base will be used and also
supplied as an Output signal of 10MHz at the Ext Ref port.
Configuring External Baseband Clocking
Configure
CnC CnC Mode: Off ( Off, On )
• CnC On/Off control will most likely not be used

ENTER
while in the “Config All” mode.
• Link configuration and frequency details must
be set for CnC to be utilized correctly.
CnC Frequency Offset: ( range 1 – 032 kHz)

+/ – 030 kHz
• CnC frequency range setting can be made here. ENTER
• Link configuration and frequency details must

be set for CnC to utilized correctly.
Configure
CnC CnC Search Delay: ( range 0 – 330 mS)
Min: 010 mS Max: 290 mS
• CnC Search Delay range can be adjusted to ENTER

window the delay value seen in the CnC
monitor menu.
CnC PMSI Mode: Idle

( Idle, Redundancy, Talk, Listen )
• CnC PMSI Mode is selected for use in the ENTER

Redundancy modes.
• The CnC mode can be used with any network mode

• No limitation on the Symbol Rate ratio
• Only limitation is combined Power Ratio Satellite
HPA System
MCL 650-Watt TWTA 1:2 System
Hub or VSAT
TWTA Controller
Antenna System
Primary H-Pole
UpConverter
Menu Ku Band Tx H-Pole
Miteq Power RF On Tx Freq. MHz Status
LO Mon. IF Mon. RF Mon.
Backup
C-Band Up Converter
Ext. Ref.
Remote
LO Fault
SIG Fault
Gain
LCD Display
Input Atten. Enter

Ku Band
Primary V-Pole
IF or L- Band Tx
2
IF or L- Band Rx
1:2 LNA System
LNA Controller
Primary H-Pole
DownConverter
Miteq Power RF On Tx Freq. MHz Status
Menu
Ku Band Rx
Backup
LO Mon. IF Mon. RF Mon.
Ext. Ref. LO Fault

LCD Display
Remote SIG Fault
C-Band Up Converter
Gain Input Atten. Enter
Primary V-Pole
CnC Delay Window
CnC Search Delay (range 0-330mS)

Min = 260 Max = 280 (Enter)
230mS Round-trip delay

Min = 220 Max = 240 (Enter)
Set delay values to window the monitored value

The modems will have the best acquisition ability when
the delay values bracket the real return time delay.
The Min/Max (10 – 290mS) Factory default

For testing CnC mode back-to-back in a lab set
MIN = 000 mS. This is required for local testing Min = 010 Max = 2 9 0 (Enter)
to have carrier acquisition.
Frequency Offset range is adjustable to meet the CnC Frequency Offset: (range 1-143kHz)
requirements of the RF system’s total stability.
+/-030 kHz (<>^)
Change the CnC Mode from Off to On when all CnC Mode: Off ( Off, On )
link parameters have been setup.
The (Monitor /CnC) menu shows the details of CnC – Params: Unavailable
the CnC status.
as Unlocked
CnC – Params: Freq-offset=+000.0kHz

Ratio : +01 dB Delay= 000.0mS
CnC Monitor Functions
Monitor : Live-Alarms Stored-Events

Statistics Rx-Params AUPC CnC IP (<>)
Display of CnC Status
CnC – Params: unavailable as

unlocked
CnC – Params: Freq-offset=+000.0kHz

Freq-Offset of
Ratio: +00 dB Delay= 000.0mS “My Carrier”
Receive level of Satellite Delay of

“My Carrier” “My Carrier”
Vs.
Remote site
True Power of Display
For 2 Carriers of equal height on the

analyzer display, the wider signal
has the higher power level.
Note about Scrambler setting with Carrier-n-Carrier.

It can be recommended that the user select IESS-315 for use on CnC links.
Tx Scrambler = IESS (Normal, IESS, Off )

IESS-315 V.35 Scrambler
Scrambler is (Normal or Framed) as the Factory default.
Operating with CnC + Turbo FEC, forces IESS-315 (Fixed Only) default scrambler.
Operating with CnC / LDPC the scrambler defaults to Normal. However, without random
data activity the acquisition time can be longer, and for EDMAC operation Frame lock error
may result. In this case the operator can set the Scrambler to IESS-315 mode.
* Descrambler (Normal or Frame) should be set to the matching IESS-315 mode as required.
Back to -- “CONFIG ALL”
EDMAC Configurations
EDMAC Mode = MASTER (Idle / Master / Slave)

EDMAC Address = 0020
These configuration options are available.

IDLE = In IDLE, Commands not sent to the distant site equipment; however, the AUPC
operation is still available.
MASTER = The master modem is used as the command sender.
SLAVE = The slave modem and (ODU) at the distant end equipment can be controlled.
Note:
The EDMAC Master/Slave addressing of modems and ODU’s is pre-defined. The specific EDMAC
addressing format can be found in the owner’s manual.
The EDMAC system is designed to be used in a Point-to-Point M&C mode. It does not support
star network M&C configurations.
The EDMAC channel provides command parity checking to avoid performing erroneous
commands at the remote site equipment. This feature is not found in open ESC channels.
Configuring Interface Handshake Protocol
Configure
HSSI HSSI handshake control: (2 options)
TA -> CA loop
Options:
• TA -> CA loop (This is the typical mode) ENTER
• RR cntl CA, TA cntl (Allowing TA control of Tx

requires special consideration of the start/stop
coding.)
Configure
RS-422 / V.35 RTS/CTS control: ( 3 options)
RTS/CTS Loop, No Action
Options:
• RTS/CTS Loop, No Action (This is the typical mode) ENTER
• Allowing RTS to control Tx requires special
consideration of the start/stop encoding.
Configure
ADPCM ADPCM Tx1 = +0dB Tx2 = +0dB
Volumes: Rx1 = +0dB Rx2 = +0dB
• Level control for the Audio channels ENTER
Configure
High Stab High-Stab Reference Warm-Up Delay
None (None, Enable)
• Enable of the Warm-Up Delay holds the Tx Carrier ENTER

Off for around 2 -3 Min.
Configure
Stats Link Statistics Logging Interval:
Disabled (00 to 99)
ENTER
Configure
Masking AIS: Tx-Terr-AIS = Masked (Active, Mask)
Rx-Sat-AIS = Masked
ENTER
Configure
Masking Buffer Slip Alarm = Active (Active, Mask)
Reference Alarms = Active
ENTER
Configure
Masking RxIF Alarms: AGC = Masked (Active, Mask)
EbNo = Active
ENTER
Configure
Masking Tx Clock Alarm = Active (Active, Mask)
(Valid in G.703 & Ext Clock modes)
ENTER
Configure
Masking Terr-Alm: Tx = N/A (Active, Mask)
Rx = N/A
ENTER
Configure
Masking BUC alarm = Active (Active, Mask)
Attach to Tx alarm = Yes (Yes, No)
ENTER
Configure
Masking
LNB alarm = Active (Active, Mask)
Attach to Rx alarm = Yes (Yes, No)
ENTER
Configure
IP Gateway Ethernet IP Gateway:
192.168.001.001
ENTER
Configure
IP Address Ethernet IP Address/Range:
192.168.001.011/24
ENTER
Configure
SNMP SNMP Read Community:
public (20 chars)
ENTER
Configure
SNMP SNMP Write Community:
private (20 chars)
ENTER
Configure
SNMP SNMP Traps Community:
comtech (20 chars)
ENTER
Configure
SNMP SNMP Taps Version:
SNMP-ver1 (ver1, ver2)
ENTER
Configure
SNMP Trap IP addr #1:
000.000.000.000
ENTER
Configure
SNMP Trap IP addr #2:
000.000.000.000
ENTER
Configure
Bridge Ethernet Switch Mode:
Simple-bridge VLAN
ENTER
Configure All = Stop

ALL
( Stop , Start )
ENTER
Choose (Start) to go again or (Stop) to quit.
Remote M&C Configurations
Configure
EDMAC MODE: Tx= V.35: EDMAC Rx= V.35: EDMAC
(None IBS D&I’s EDMAC’s ESC++)
ENTER
If TX Mode is = EDMAC, RX Mode will automatically become EDMAC
CONFIG: All Mode Tx Rx Clocks D&I

CnC EDMAC Misc Mask Remote IP
Masters :
10
20
EDMAC Mode = Master (Idle / Master / Slave) 30
40 …
EDMAC Address = 0020
IDLE = Commands not sent , AUPC operation and monitoring is still available.
MASTER = The master modem is used as the command sender to one remote system.
SLAVE = The slave modem is (Master+1) and Remote ODU is (Master+4)
These AUPC configuration options are available with EDMAC.
Output Power: Mode = AUPC (Manual, AUPC) TX POWER

Target – EbNo - Range Alarm-Action AUPC Configuration
Minimum EbNo of Remote Modem = 7.0 dB TX AUPC

Maximum Permitted Power Increase = 2.0 dB Settings
Use of AUPC Requires Link Budget analysis & Satellite Provider approval
Max Tx Power Action= Tx-Alm (None, Tx-Alm)

Remote Demod Unlock Action= Max-Pwr (Nom,Max)
Remote Modem = 7.0 dB
Maximum Permitted Power Increase = 2.0 dB
EDMAC Monitor Functions

Available Monitor :
IBS (or) D&I
D&I++ / ESC++
AUPC-Params: Remote EbNo= 8.5 dB
EDMAC‘s
Transmit Power Increase = 0.0 dB VersaFEC / ACM
Power level of
Display of AUPC status “My Carrier”
Increase from initial
Manual setting
ODU Monitor & Control (FSK)
ODU Control setup via FSK
“Enable” ODU Communication: CSAT or BUC (Not both at the same time)
70/140 mode on the Rx-IF (or) L-Band mode on the Tx-IF
Select the ODU configuration in the Menu Display
ODU: BUC:PwrSupply+Ref
ENTER
LNB:PwrSupply+Ref FSK-control (<, >)
Enter)
70/140MHz TX-IF Allows (CSAT/KST) ODU Control: FSK=On (Off, On)

Stand-alone or 1:1
ODU Type: C/KST (C/KST, 2CSATs) (< , >)
L-Band TX-IF Allows (BUC ) ODU Control: FSK=On (Off, On)

ODU Type: BUC (due to Tx Freq) (< , >)
CSAT Communication via FSK
Communication via the FSK can be used to configure the Transceiver.
Select the ODU configuration items in the Menu Display
ODU Select : Config Info

Status (<, > Enter)
Config Select : TX RX
LNA (<, > Enter)
Config RX : 3195.0000 MHZ ENTER
ATTN 12.0 dB (<, > Enter)
Store/Load Functions

Info Store/Load Utility ODU FAST ENTER
Configuration #0: Load Store

Available
Configuration #0: Override: No (No, Yes)

19:18:37 02/04/02
Data code of previous version & Warning Message:

Choose (YES) to write new data.
Built in Test Modes
Test mode Options
TEST : Mode BERT ENTER
Modem Test Mode = Normal

( Norm, Tx-CW, Tx-1/0, IF , RF , DIG , I/O
NORMAL = NO TEST MODES ON

TX-CW = CW mode, no Modulation >
TX-ALT-1/0 = Offset mode >
IF LOOP = IF Loopback
RF LOOP = RF Loopback
DIG LOOP = Digital Loopback
I/O LOOP = Interface Loopback
Internal Test Modes
Virtually Fool Proof !
These tests modes help verify the ability of the modem’s correct operation
BER
Test
This test invokes an internal IF loop. All Transmit parameters are temporarily copied
to the Receive configuration, and a Tx-Rx connection is made internal to the chassis.
BER
Test
This test invokes a digital loopback which sends data at the output of the digital FIR
filter on the transmit side, back into the Viterbi decoder on the Rx side. This tests the
interface, Tx baseband circuits, FEC encoder/decoder and the buffer.
Far End
I/O
Loopback
Loopback
Set to
I/O Loopback Set to
Normal
BER Modem
Test
Modem BER
Test
This test invokes two distinct loopbacks:
1. Digital data from the transmit interface and loops back to the receive data interface. This will
help verify that the data cable and the modem interface is good.
2. Secondly, the satellite demodulator data passes back through the modulator to be re-transmitted
(also called Far-End Loopback). The far-end user is required to set the Buffer Clock to RxSat so
that the clocking will be properly returned.
BER
Test
RF Loopback Test
Test Loopback RF Link

Set to
RF Loopback
BER
Test Modem
RF Loop test invokes the Rx IF frequency to be the same as the Tx IF frequency. All receive
parameters are temporarily changed to match the Tx configuration. There is no internal loop.
The connection made externally with a cable, or via the satellite path. This mode can be used
to test the local Modem and RF equipment together, via the satellite link path.
Built-in-Self-Test (BERT)
Pattern Selections BERT : Config Monitor

Space all 000000...
Mark all 1111111...
1:1 101010...
1:2 1001001... The modem has a built-in (Bite Error Rate Tester) = BERT
63 63 bit pattern
511
2047
511 bit pattern
2^11-1 bit pattern
BERT Tx: Off Pattern=2047 ErrIns = Off
2047R
MIL188
2047 reverse pattern
5*2047patterns + 50 zeros
Cnfg Rx: Off Pattern=2047
2^15-1 2^15-1 long pattern
2^20-1 2^20-1 longer pattern
2^23-1 2^23-1 longest pattern
BERT Monitor: Errs=No Sync Sync : Loss

BER=No Sync Restart
185
Link Troubleshooting
Alarm Masks
And
Monitor Menus
MASK Configurations
Alarm Masks
Config Alarm Mask: AIS Buffer

Rx IF Sat - Alarm Terr - Alarm
AIS : Tx-Terr-AIS = Masked (Active, Masked)

Rx-Sat-AIS = Masked (Active, Masked)
TX-AIS Active will cause Tx Traffic fault if all “1s” at I/O

RX-AIS Active will cause Rx Traffic fault if all “1s” decoded
Buffer Slip = Active (Active, Masked)
Optional: ENTER
Buffer Slip will cause Rx Traffic fault if Buffer goes Full or Empty.
Statistics Logging Configurations
Misc:
Misc: G.703-Line Code IDR-ESC HSSI RTS
Audio-Vol HiRate ESC Warm-Up Stats ENTER
Link Statistics Logging Interval:

10 minutes ( 00 TO 90 )
Set Stats Monitor logging as required:

At the 60min setting, the modem will store information into its Stats
memory every hour. 255 memory locations are available. This feature
logs the Ave and Worst EbNo during Time period and also the Ave and
Max Tx IF Power level increase.
Monitor Functions
Monitor : Live-Alarms Stored-Events This is the MENU use to determine

Statistics Rx-Params AUPC CnC IP (<>) what the status LED’s are indicating.
Live Unit = None Net = None

Alarms Rx = None Tx = None (<>)
Stored Events: Clear All : Yes (No, Yes)

#022 Ok - Frame Sync 02/04/02 18:26:58
Statistics: STA004: 16.0, 16.0, 0.0, 0.0

02/04/02 18:21:36 Clear All: Yes (No, Yes)
Parameters of
Rx-Parameters: EbNo > 16.0 dB F= -0.0 kHz Acquired Signal
“Normal or CnC”
BER= 0.0E-9 Buffer= 50% Rx-Level= -26 dBm
Status of
“My Rx Data Buffer”
CDM-625 Monitor Functions

Live Unit= None Net= None

Alarms Rx= None Tx= None ENTER
Display Info:
• Unit alarms can not be Masked
• “Some” RX, TX, and NET alarms can be set as Active or Masked in the Mask menu.
Unit alarms

• Alarms are displayed with a hierarchy as shown below with the most critical first.
NO MASK
NO MASK
TX Alarms MASK
MASK
NO MASK
NO MASK
MASK
NO MASK
RX Alarms MASK
MASK
MASK
NO MASK

• Alarms are displayed with a hierarchy as shown below with the most critical first.
NO MASK
NO MASK
TX Alarms
MASK
MASK
NO MASK
NO MASK
MASK
RX Alarms

Statistics Rx-Params AUPC CnC IP (< >)
Common mistakes:
• (TX FIFO) Fault is caused by TX Data input ≠ TX Data rate setting on modem. Applied date and
clock is required to be +/- 100ppm of setting.
• (RX AGC) Fault is caused by RX signal input higher or lower than the possible range
• Demod not Locking – Antenna problem or some deviation between Tx and Rx configuration settings.
• Data not flowing – Scrambler/Descrambler turned off or some deviation between Tx and Rx
configuration settings.
Common Alarms
• Common configuration mistakes:
• (TX FIFO) Fault is caused by TX Data input ≠ TX Data rate setting on modem. Applied
date and clock is required to be +/- 100ppm of setting.
• (RX AGC) Fault is caused by RX signal input higher or lower than the AGC window.
• Demod not Locking – Antenna problem or some deviation between Tx and Rx

configuration settings.
• Data not flowing – Scrambler/Descrambler turned off or some deviation between Tx and
Rx configuration settings.
• Buffer (Over-flow / Under-flow) -- The buffer size setting is too small, or the remote
clocking is not setup correctly to do loop-timing.
Monitor Menu Parameters
• A basic bench verification test can be performed by using the combination of the built in BERT test
and the IF Loopback mode.
• Simply set the modem to the desired mode and data rate, while also setting the BERT mode to the
same Tx and Rx data patterns.
• Set the modem to use (IF Loopback ) test mode.
• Move to the Monitor menus to view the Rx status and BERT Err reading status.
Modulator Checkout
Step Procedure
1 Set the Modem test mode to (Tx-CW), using a frequency counter read
the carrier frequency.
2 Set the Modem test mode to (Tx-1/0), using the spectrum analyzer
measure that the carrier reduction is <-30dBc from either of the side
bands.
3 Set the Modem to Normal, using the spectrum analyzer check for any
spurious items higher than <-50dBc.
4 Using the RF power meter, check that the power level reading agrees
within +/-0.1dBm.
Demodulator Checkout
Step Procedure
1 Set the Modem test mode to (IF Loop), verify the Rx Traffic LED goes
Green, carrier lock frequency and RSL display are normal. (Monitor menu)
2 Check that the Eb/No value reads >16dB, and BER reads 9E-9.
3 Set the Modem to Normal, use the Noise Source and Spectrum Analyzer to
setup a set of S+N/N levels required for Eb/No vs.BER testing.
4 Using the BERT tester, check that the BER reading agrees within 0.25dBm of
the modem specification table.
5 Clear and “Stored Events” and begin long term monitoring.
X-Y constellation Analysis
GOOD
Typical eye pattern with Arc shape caused by RF Rotating or wobbling

local IF Loop-back. equipment Phase Noise. pattern can be caused by
Adjacent Carrier(s)
Typical eye pattern from

Satellite link with good
Signal-Noise level
Eye pattern caused by Eye pattern caused by Unlocked Demodulator

Lack of input Carrier Too Much input Carrier caused by Configuration
Error or Modem problem
Scope display of QPSK constellation
8PSK Eye Pattern Analysis
Typical Eye Pattern with Eye Pattern caused by Typical Eye Pattern with
local IF Loop-back RF Phase Noise good Signal-Noise level
from Satellite link
The phase noise on a QPSK link is less likely to degrade BER performance.
For 8PSK link operation, as can be seen in the 8PSK I&Q display, the dots are
closer together, and the addition of white noise and phase noise will cause
increased decoding errors. Therefore the phase noise leads to degraded BER
performance.
16QAM Eye Pattern Analysis
QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (Combination of ASK and PSK)
1350 900 450

0,1,1,0 0,1,1,1 1,1,0,1 1,1,0,0
0,1,0,0 0,1,0,1 1,1,1,0 1,1,1,1

1800 00
0,0,0,0 0,0,0,1 1,0,1,0 1,0,1,1
0,0,1,0 0,0,1,1 1,0,0,0 1,0,0,1

2250 3150
2700
This Eye Pattern displays effect of Typical good Eye Pattern

non-linearity and group-delay.
The problem source may be the
Earth Station’s RF equipment
and/or the Satellite Transponder.
Performance Test
RX Verification Test
Eb/No -verses- BER
Performance Measurements
• Power Meter Method

• Most Accurate
• Need Flat Filter with Precisely known Band Width
• Need Spectrally Flat Noise Source
• Special equipment can be purchased from NoiseCom or HP
• Accuracy possible +/- 0.05dB
 Spectrum Analyzer Method

 Read (S+No)/No off of Spectrum Analyzer display
 Need educated eye, and Eb/No Tables
 Accuracy possible +/- 0.3dB
• Modem Monitor values

• Provides Very good estimate, Repeatable +/- 0.1dB
• Includes Modem Implementation Loss
S+N/N Measurement on Spectrum Analyzer
Note that adjustment of the Video BW and use of the (Video Averaging, when that
feature is available) will aid in obtaining a good display measurement.
RL -49.00 dBm
ATTEN 10 dB
2.00 dB/DIV
RES BANDWIDTH
10.0 kHz
S+N/N = 10dB
Modem Rate = 2144 kbit/s, 3/4 Rate Coding

with 7.8 dB Eb/No (S + N)/N = 10 dB
CENTER 70.000 MHz SPAN 1.000 MHz

*RB 10.0 kHz *VB 10.0 Hz ST 30.00 sec
Spectrum Analyzer Test Method Setup
2 port
Combiner
TX IF
Noise
Source CDM-625
70MHz – 140MHz Variable RX IF MODEM
Variable
IF Band Attenuator Attenuator
Bit Error Rate Test

Equipment
Spectrum
Analyzer
• The signal to noise levels can be set to various levels while the BER values are measured and recorded.
1E-1
Comparison of FEC
shows TPC has Superior 1E-2
Efficiency Un-coded
QPSK
Performance Comparison 1E-3
The lower range values of Eb/No
possible with Turbo FEC mean that
less Transmit power (smaller dish)
or lower code rate (less bandwidth) 1E-4
can be used on the link.
1E-5
BER
TPC used in place of Viterbi on 1E-6

the link can allow 2 times the data Gain of using Viterbi
3/4 Rate = 3dB
rate of Viterbi operation.
1E-7
Gain of using
TPC 3/4 = 8 dB
1E-8 7/8 Rate

1/2 Rate 3/4
Rate Gain of using 3/4
Viterbi + R/S
= 5.25 dB
1E-9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Eb / No
RX AGC Limits
• The symbol rate range has the following effect on the RX signal input range.
• 70 / 140 MHz Mode
Demodulator
Degradation
Upper AGC
Alarm limit
Lower AGC
Alarm / Unlock
RX AGC Limits
• The symbol rate range has the following effect on the RX signal input range.
• L-Band Mode
Demodulator
Degradation
Upper AGC
Alarm limit
Lower AGC Alarm

/ Unlocked
Effect of RX Signal Environment on Demodulator
+3dBc
Adjacent carrier levels increase

or channel spacing changes
Here is the QPSK as effected by Channel Spacing
• Degradation created by 2 adjacent carriers (Symbol Rates = measurement channel)
• Zero degradation line = BER performance 10-8
Eb/No Degradation vs. Carrier Spacing

QPSK 3/4 Turbo
-0.5 Adjacent
-1
level
Eb/No Degradation
-3 dB
-1.5
0 dB
-2
3 dB
-2.5
6 dB
-3
-3.5
-4
0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30 1.50
Carrier Spacing Normalized To Symbol Rate
Here is the 8PSK effected by Channel Spacing
Eb/No Degradation Versus Carrier Spacing

8-PSK 3/4 Turbo
0.0
Adjacent
Eb/No Degradation
-0.5 level
-3 dB
-1.0
0 dB
3 dB
-1.5
6 dB
-2.0
-2.5
0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
Here is the 16QAM as effected by Channel Spacing
Eb/No Degradation Versus Carrier Spacing

16-QAM 3/4 Turbo
0.0
-0.5 Adjacent
Eb/No Degradation
level
-1.0
-3 dB
-1.5
0 dB
-2.0
3 dB
-2.5
6 dB
-3.0
-3.5
-4.0
0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
1E-1
Performance Verification
Example: (same for TPC) 1E-2
Testing Viterbi operation can be

done at a range of Eb/No values
deemed necessary to be used on Un-coded
1E-3 3/4 Rate 7/8 Rate
the link. The values of 9dB, QPSK
7.5dB and 6dB could be used for
Viterbi 3/4 rate.
1E-4
The shape marks the BER data
that was measured during the
test period of the 9dB noise level. BER
As shown the BER recorded is 1E-5
2.5x10-8 better than 6.5x10-8
specified by the manufacture.
The shape marks the BER data 1E-6

that maybe seen if there is a
noise problem within the modem
or RF path. The problem could
be in the TX or the RX circuits, 1E-7
so in this case another (known
good) modem is needed to
provide the TX signal.
1E-8
1E-9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb / No
Firmware Update Process
Firmware Update Links
» To support future upgrades the modem memory can be re-programmed in the field by the
owner via the Ethernet port located on the rear panel.
» The latest version of the “firmware” is always available on the Comtech EF Data web site.
www.comtechefdata.com
» Click the link Support then click Software Downloads The link takes you to the
information page. Click on the button [Download Flash and Software Update Files]
» You will see the products listed that have download files. The files are provided as both
Zip or the Exe (Self-extracting zip) versions.
» Inside the Zip file contains :::

Binary data file -- file to be uploaded into unit via FTP session
Update Notes -- file explaining the changes included in the updated version
MIB data files – files provided for users of SNMP Management systems
Application files - - software tools for modems with special graphics features
WWW.COMTECHEFDATA.COM
Firmware Files Saved
Click here
to Save
Zip Files to be Extracted
Extract all files to the Directory that you use to keep your updates...
FTP Programming Tool
FTP Update tools are available from Comtech.
FTP Programming Tool
FTP Update tools are available from Comtech.
Notes

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ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SOLUTIONS

The Most Bandwidth Efficient Communication Ever !

Inside the Super Modem

» IP Network data traffic and management capabilities

» A modem with State-of-the-art Forward Error Correction (Turbo / LDPC/ VersaFEC®)

» A modem with State-of-the-art satellite bandwidth reduction ( Carrier-n-Carrier ®)

» Built-in redundancy capability (1:1 with CRS-170A / 180 IF Switch)

• RS-422 or V.35 (EIA-530 25-pin)

• G.703 T1/E1, T2/E2 on balanced and unbalanced ports

• Four-port Ethernet 10/100 BaseT

• Engr. Service Channel (RS-232/485) Selectable

• Open Network (IDR / IBS) ESC and Alarms

* HSSI -- High Speed Serial Interface

• L-Band (950 MHz – 2000 MHz) - [ Optional Feature ]

1. 70/140 MHz IF [ Legacy - Been around for a long time ]

2. L-Band IF [ Gaining larger share of system integrations ]

Modes Cost Features

Modulation Cost Features

L-Band IF Cost Features

Select CONFIG to enter FAST Options or use the Demo mode

FAST: Set 1: Config View

ENT Set 2: Config View Set 3 Config View

FAST Demo Mode: Off On

The FAST CODE will be sent by E-mail or Fax after

Edit 20 digit FAST Code:

Example: Increase Data Rate to 25Mbps ---- (FAST Option)

Modem Assembly and Description

• PL/12587-1 Modem Chassis – AC Power Supply

• PL/12875-1 Carrier-in-Carrier® (card Option)

• CnC (Carrier in Carrier)

CDM-625 with Carrier-n-Carrier

Typical Global Beam Footprint

CDM-625 with VersaFEC

• Do I need TPC/LDPC codec if I only want to use VersaFEC ?

*Covered by US Patents 7,353,444 and 7,415,659. (Other patents pending.)

LDPC, VersaFEC, DVB-S2)

One Way Latency, ms

• This is why a low latency

VersaFEC, 8-QAM 0.78 LDPC, 8-QAM 3/4

• What FAST options are available for VersaFEC ?

• How is ACM enabled on CDM-625 ?

Technical description developed to describe a series of

ModCods = Modulation and Code Rate combinations

• In a large network it would be preferred to

Router with Dual WAN ports

Router with Dual WAN ports

Packet run length:

Ethernet Switch: Mode WAN PerPortCnfg

VLAN: Disabled (Dis, Ena) mgmt-VLAN=0001

• VLAN = Global to all ports [Enabled/Disabled]

•Version 1.4.3 firmware adds the following Features:

CDM-625 with EDMAC

D&I (IBS)D&I 1 – 30 Ch 1,920 kbps Overhead 6.7%

D&I++ 1 – 31 Ch 1,984 kbps Overhead 2.2%

QDI QDI 1 – 4 ports 1Ch – (4xE1) Overhead 0.4%

EDMAC EDMAC Data Rate x 5% >2,048 kbps (DR x 1.6%)

EDMAC-3 Data Rate x 5% >2,048 kbps (DR x 1.6%)

ESC++ Variable Data Rates Overhead 11.8% to 1.6%

Customer data CDM-625

Mux / Demux Data and M&C muxed onto satellite link

NOTE: EDMAC supports only point to point M&C arrangements.

The modem’s EDAMC feature can be used for monitor

• ESC++ mode provides the following features:

 Use of this remote interface mode requires simple cable