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PUGADL AWIN
GROUP 4 : MM-1A
| M A C A L I N A O | C A L M A | M A L L A R I | H E R N A N D E Z | | M AT I C |
TO R N A D O | VA L B U E N A | VA L E N Z U E L A |
THE CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN
The start of the revolution against Spain has been officially commemorated in recent years as
“The Cry of Pugad Lawin.”
The supposed site of “Pugad Lawin” is situated in Brgy. Bahay Toro, Quezon City,
and is memorialized with a
tableau of life-sized, oddly rigid Katipuneros tearing their cedulas.
BAHAY TORO, QUEZON CITY
• “Cry” took place on August 23, 1896; at a site
known as Pugad Lawin, situated in what today is
Bahay Toro, Quezon City; which in 1896 had been
the house and yard of Juan Ramos.
• the name “Pugad Lawin” came to be used in the twentieth century
to refer not just to one of the contending “Cry” sites, but to
two. First one site, and then another. Today, the Pugad Lawin
marker is in Bahay Toro, where Juan Ramos had supposedly lived.
But in previous decades, as will be discussed later, Pugad Lawin was
said to have been three kilometers or so to the northeast, where
Ramos’s mother Melchora Aquino (“Tandang Sora”) had lived near
Pasong Tamo in barrio Banlat.
DEFINITIONS OF “CRY”
• Pasya, Pagpupunit and Unang Labanan
•
The debate has long been clouded by a lack of consensus on exactly what is
meant by the “Cry”. The term has been applied to three related but distinct
events –
• the “pasya” – the decision to revolt;
• the “pagpupunit” – the tearing of cedulas; and
• the “unang labanan” – the first encounter with Spanish forces.
• These three events, to state the obvious, did not all happen at the same time
and place. When and where the “Cry” should be commemorated thus
depends on how it is defined.
HISTORIAN’S INSIGHTS: TERMS
• Teodoro A. Agoncillo equates the term with the pagpupunit, which
he says happened immediately after the pasya.
• Isagani R. Medina also takes the “Cry” to mean the pagpupunit, but
says it happened before the decision to revolt had been taken.
• This was the location specified by Tomas Remigio, Julio Nakpil, Sinforoso San
Pedro, Guillermo Masangkay, Cipriano Pacheco, Briccio Pantas, Francisco
Carreon and Vicente Samson
VETERAN TESTIMONIES:
MELCHORA AQUINO’S (P. TAMO)
• Only one veteran – Pio Valenzuela – ever maintained that the
decisive meeting took place at Melchora Aquino’s place near Pasong
Tamo.
• He also once recalled (in 1911) that the pasya had been taken in
Kangkong. If his testimony on that occasion is counted, the tally for
Kangkong would be 9 out of 10.
VETERAN TESTIMONIES:
JUAN RAMOS’S (BAHAY TORO)
• One other veteran – probably Ramon Bernardo – remembered the
decision as having been taken in Bahay Toro, but he did not say “Juan
Ramos’s place in Bahay Toro.” He said it had been taken at
Melchora Aquino’s place, “sa pook ng Sampalukan, Bahay Toro.” It
therefore seems his recollection was simply mistaken, because
Melchora Aquino’s place was near Pasong Tamo, in bo. Banlat
CONCLUSION:
WHERE ‘PASYA’ TOOK PLACE?
• Unless and until any solid evidence is found to the contrary,
therefore, the only possible conclusion to be drawn from the
veterans’ testimony is that “pasya” was taken by the Supreme
Assembly at the house of Apolonio Samson in Kangkong.
VETERAN TESTIMONIES:
PAGPUPUNIT SA KANGKONG
• veteran Cipriano Pacheco later recalled.
• Agoncillo was the pre-eminent historian of the day, and the 1896 revolution
was among his special fields. It was mainly upon his advice, it is commonly said,
that the Philippine government ruled that the term “Cry of Balintawak” should
be discarded in favor of “Cry of Pugad Lawin.” This change was signaled
formally in 1963 by President Macapagal, whose Proclamation 149 declared
that the 67th anniversary of the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” on August 23 would be a
special public holiday in Quezon City, “where the event took place.”
• By “the event” of August 23, Proclamation 149 meant the pasya, not the unang
labanan. Agoncillo’s definition of the “Cry” had become the official definition.
BALINTAWAK TO PUGAD LAWIN
• The “Cry,” therefore, was officially redefined, and the “Cry” site was
officially removed from Balintawak, but it was reassigned to “Pugad
Lawin, wherever it was,” not to a particular designated spot. The
problem this presented to the organizers of the annual “Cry”
commemorations was solved by the simple expedient of sticking to
what was familiar. The crowds gathered, rites were observed, and
politicos delivered their speeches at Balintawak, as before, as if
nothing had happened
RECOGNITION TO PUGAD LAWIN
• The Committee, that is to say, accepted his position that Pugad Lawin was a considerable distance from Pasong
Tamo, and that the yard where cedulas were shredded had belonged to Juan Ramos, not to his mother,
Melchora Aquino. The search for Pugad Lawin thus boiled down to a search for where Juan Ramos had lived.
• The Pugad Lawin Historical Committee did not discover any fresh documentary evidence in its 1983
investigation, but claimed to have identified the former site of Ramos’s place (then amidst a squatter settlement)
on the basis, it seems, of oral testimony from one of Juan Ramos’s grandsons, Escolastico Ramos.
• The Committee relayed its findings to the government’s historical agency (then called the National Historical
Institute), which despatched someone to visit the site, deliberated on the matter, and declared the Committee
to be right. On the occasion of the next commemoration of the “Cry,” on August 23, 1984, the NHI placed its
marker at the site in Seminary Road, Bahay Toro where it has since remained.
ISAGANI’S
• The foremost proponent of “Pugad Lawin in Bahay Toro” in this renewed debate was Isagani R.
Medina. He presented the case for Bahay Toro more fully, and with more documentation, than
anybody else has before or since, first in a paper he delivered at a conference in 1993 and then
in his annotations to Ronquillo’s memoirs. He patently wished to make his case as forceful and
persuasive as he could, and it seems unlikely he omitted any evidence he felt to be
significant. We now need to examine the case he makes.
•
Medina found official documents from 1896, the vecindarios or lists of residents for the
municipality of Caloocan, which show that Melchora Aquino and Juan Ramos, mother and son,
were listed under different cabecerías. This strongly suggests they resided (officially at least, in
terms of registration) in different places. Melchora Aquino lived with her youngest daughter,
Juana Ramos. Another of her daughters, Estefania Ramos, was living with her family nearby. Her
son Juan Ramos, however, was registered in another cabecería, of which he was himself the
cabeza de barangay, and was living with his wife, Alejandra Alcantara, and two young children,
Filomena and Canuta.
• Today, the “Cry” continues to be officially marked in Bahay
Toro almost by default, by the force of inertia. “Pugad
Lawin in Bahay Toro” retains its official status not because
there is any supporting evidence for that site, but because
nobody has pushed the case for the actual site, the site
that Katipunan veterans marked a century ago, the site of
Apolonio Samson’s house in Kangkong.
• 23 aug 1896 – 500 people sa pugad lawin
• Laban sa kastila • Milagros, Incarnation,Villegas et al
• Sigaw sa pugad lawin • Lahat ng lugar Balintawak / kalookan – palipat lipat ng places
• (sigaw – espanypol elgrito de rebelyon = disiyon ng himagsikan) bonifacio iwasan ang espanyol
•
• Symbolic Cedula – pag aalsa against spanish
• Hudyat ng rebolusyon agaist spain • Hen Santiago Alvarez – ambon non stop ; bukid ; basa damit ; pagal
at walang imik
• Monumento 1908 balintawak
• 2mn aug 22 – 300 and Bonifacio – Apolonio Samson house
• Aug 23 celebration Kangkong = itak sulira balara rebolber ang nandoon
• Aug 23 – Bonifacio papunta kina Tandang Sora sa Bahay Toro –
• Aug 19 1896 – mabuking ang katipunan = hulian sinalakay ang kamalig madami bigas - for house pinapatay hayop pinakain sa 500
bahay tao (fiest)
= unang sigaw = kamalig boni and kkk hacinto Valenzuela = itatag
• Hen Ramon blanco – hues de kutsilyo – total assassination KKK at pres boni
anahilation
• 1000 kinabukasan – pulong sa kamalig KKK – itatag na unang
pangulo
• Andres meeting punit cedula – pagkaalipin sa espanya • Hating gabi himagsikan sa maynila Aug 29-30 = pagtatatag ng
• Sigawan ng Mabuhay ang kalayaan – unang sigaw ng himagsikan pamahalaan ; pagsilang ng bayan estado
• Bonifacio – kalayaan o kaalipinan / Kamatayan o kabuhayan = mga
• Aug 26 – balintawak kapatid baril at kanyon para sa kalayaan
• Kangkong aug 22 ; apolonio Samson (katipunero) •
• Pugad lawin aug 23 ; juan ramos (son of melchora) • Aug 25 – KKK vs tinyente ross sa banlat – katipunan won -
malabon
• Aug 24 – bahay toro ; melchora aquino