CHAPTER II

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Statistics and Probability
EDWARD M. ALFONSO, M.A.Ed. - MATH
Understanding the Normal Curve Distribution
Lesson 1

Objective Objective Objective Objective

#1 #2 #3 #4

Understand State and Sketch the Recognize the

the concept illustrate the graph of a importance of
of the normal properties of a normal the normal curve
curve normal curve distribution; in statistical
distribution; distribution; and inference.
2
Determine whether the statement is True or False, If false, modify the
statement to make it true.
1 The areas under a probability distribution correspond to
the probabilities of a random variable X.

2 A probability distribution is generated by frequencies.

3
The areas under the curve corresponds to all
probabilities for X.

4 Under the curve, there is no area over a point.

5 The probability associated with a particular value of X is 0.

 VIZUALIZING
Activity A FREQUENCY
#1
PERFORMANCE
DISTRIBUTION
OUTPUT
 Make a Frequency Polygon
Given the following score distributions of students in Statistics & Probability quiz.

Score (X) f Score (X) f

21 2
20 5 3 1
19 7
18 11
2 3
17
16
6
3
1 1
15 1 N 5
N 35

GROUP 1 GROUP 2 5
 Make a Frequency Polygon
Given the following score distributions of students in Statistics & Probability quiz.
GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5
Score (X)iuvaret
Labore f Score
No error(X)
vocibus f Score (X) F
probatus eam te. Enim fabellas
9 sea. Vel id 1 50 3
5 1
concludaturque no quo. gubergren maiestatis
8 49 4
Latine nostrud per ad. dissentiet. Ius ei oratio 2 Labore48iuvaret
4 3
Vix ei quem labores. 7
platonem, ex usu
modus dicit deseruisse.
4 probatus eam te. Enim
47
9
11
6 7 concludaturque no quo.
3 5 5 11
Latine46nostrud per ad.
Vix ei quem labores, in
13
45 15
2 3 4 7 sed convenire
44 facilisis. 23
3 4 43 18
1 1 2 2 42 14
1 1 41 10
N 13 N 42 40 7
39 5
38 1
6
VIZUALIZING
A NORMAL Activity
DISTRIBUTION #2
PERFORMANCE
OUTPUT
 What is the shape of
TASK 1 the graph and its
skewness?
Compute the three
measures of
averages: mean,
median , and mode.
What do you notice?
What does this
Where did you
imply?
find these
measures on the
graph?
What
generalization
can you make?

8
 Follow the procedures in the task.

PROCEDURE #6 PROCEDURE #1
Visualize the approximations Include a third column and
of the normal curve. convert the frequencies to
Describe what you see. probabilities.

PROCEDURE #5 PROCEDURE #2
Describe what TASK 2 Call each new distribution
a probability distribution.
you observe.
PROCEDURE #4 PROCEDURE #3
Compare the frequency Sketch the graphs of the
polygon of each data set probability distributions.
to the graph of its
probability distribution. 9
Further understanding
100

50

Very Low Low Average High Very High

Score Score Score Score Score

There are many events in real life that generate random

variable that have the natural tendency to approximate the
shape of a bell.
10
 Further understanding
40

20

Very Low Low Average High Very High

Scores Scores Scores Scores Scores

Example of this, is a test administered to a class of 40

students, there will be a few high scores, as well as few
low scores. Most of the scores will found in between
these two extreme scores. 11
 Lets continue…
If a distribution consists of a very large number of
cases and the three measures of average (mean,
median, and mode) are equal, then the distribution
is symmetrical and the skewness is 0. In statistics,
such distribution is called normal distribution or
simple normal curve.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
NORMAL CURVE
The normal curve has very important
role in inferential statistics

• It provides a graphical
representation of statistical
values that are needed in
describing the
characteristics of
populations as well as in
making decisions.
13
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
NORMAL CURVE
The normal curve has very important
role in inferential statistics

•It is defined by an
equation that uses
the population mean,
𝜇 and the standard
deviation, 𝝈.
14
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
NORMAL CURVE
The normal curve has very important
role in inferential statistics

• There is no single curve, but

rather a whole family of
normal curves that have the
same basic characteristics
but have different means
and standard deviations.

15
PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Property #1 Property #2 Property #3

The distribution The curve is The mean, the median,
curve is bell – symmetrical about and the mode
shaped. its center. coincide at the center.
16
 PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

PROPERTY #4 PROPERTY #5 PROPERTY #6

The Width of The tails of the The area under the
curve flatten out curve is 1. Thus, it
the curve is indefinitely along represents the
determined by the horizontal axis, probability or
the standard always approaching proportion or the
the axis but never percentage
deviation of touching it. That is, associated with
the distribution. the curve is specific sets of
asymptotic to the measurement
base line. values. 17
 UNDERSTANDING
Activity THE STANDARD
#3 NORMAL CURVE
PERFORMANCE
OUTPUT
 TASK 3
STANDARD NORMAL CURVE

1 2 3 4

Read and Be ready with You may use Given the previous
understand a handy copy a scientific table.
the following of the Table of calculator to Compute the values
of Z using the
notes about Areas Under perform
formula:
the standard the Normal mathematical 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐
−𝟏/𝟐
normal curve. Distribution. operations. 𝒆 𝝈
𝒚=
𝝈 𝟐𝝅 19
Life can only be understood
backwards;
but it must be lived forwards.

The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 20

Life can only be understood
backwards;
but it must be lived forwards.

The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 21

STANDARD NORMAL CURVE
A standard normal curve is a
normal probability distribution
that has a mean 𝜇 = 0 and a
standard deviation 𝝈 = 1.
It is almost 100% (not yet 100%)
because the curve almost
touches the horizontal line. Thus,
there is a small fraction of the
area at the tails of the distribution.
22
 Four – Step Process
in Finding the Areas Under the Normal Curve Given a z – value

STEP STEP STEP STEP

1 2 3 4
Express Using the Match the Read the area
z – Table, third digit (or probability)
the given at the
z – value find the first with the intersection of
into a three two digits appropriate the row and the
on the left column on column. This is
– digit form. the required
column. the right.
area. 23
 TASK 4
• Find the corresponding
1. z = 0.96 area between z = 0 and
each of the following z –
2. z = 1.74 values.
• Discuss your answer with
3. z = 2.18
your seatmate.
4. z = 2.69 5. z = 3.00

24
 GRAPH OF A STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The Normal curve for a population The horizontal base contains

distribution is specifically determined
by its mean equal to 0 and its standard the z score values associated
deviation equal to 1. with areas under the curve.
25
 TASK 5
• Sketch the Graph of a
1. z = 0.96 Standard Normal
Distribution
2. z = 1.74

3. z = 2.18

4. z = 2.69 5. z = 3.00

26
GRAPH OF A STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The table is a series of columns containing numbers

for z and for P(z). The z represents the z-value for a
normal distribution and P(z) represents the area under
the normal curve to the left of that z-value for a normal
distribution with mean µ = 0 and standard deviation σ
= 1.

13 - 27
 Using the Normal Tables
N (0,1)
 0
 1 2

(1) Area Below z = -2; P(z < -2) = 0.0228

13 - 28
 Using the Normal Tables
N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(2) Area Below z = -1; P(z < -1) = 0.1587

13 - 29
 Using the Normal Tables
N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(1) Area Above z = +2; P(z > +2) = 0.0228

13 - 30
 Using the Normal Tables
N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(2) Area above z = +1; P(z > +1) = 0.1587

13 - 31
 Using the Normal Tables

N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(3) Area above z = 0; P(z > 0) = 0.5000

13 - 32
 Calculating the Area Under the Normal Curve

N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(1) Area between -1, +1; P( -1 < z < +1)

up to z = +1: .8413
up to z = -1 : .1587
.6826

13 - 33
 Calculating the Area Under the Normal Curve
N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(2) Area between -2, +2; P( -2 < z < +2)

up to z = +2: .9772
up to z = -2 : .0228
.9544

13 - 34
 Calculating the Area Under the Normal Curve

N (0,1)
 0
 1
2

(3) Area between -2, +1; P( -2 < z < +1)

up to z = +1: .8413
up to z = -2 : .0228
.8185
13 - 35
WRITTEN OUTPUT
SEATWORK
Determine the area below the following
and draw the graph

37
Determine the area above the following
and draw the graph

38
Determine the area of the region indicated
and draw the graph

-1<z<1
11.
-2<z<2
12.
-1.5<z<2.5
13.
0.18<z<3.2
14.
-3.01<z<1.65
15.

39
Performance
QUIZ
Output
Determine the area below the following
and draw the graph

1. Z=3 4. -0.15
INTELLIGENCE
KNOWLEDGE

3. 1.25

2. -2.5 5. 3.13

41
Determine the area above the following
and draw the graph

7. 10.
8.
6. 9.

Z = -2.15 Z = -0.03 Z = 1.96 Z= -1.64 Z= 2.33

42
Determine the area of the region indicated
and draw the graph

-0.1<z<1.47
11.
-1.96<z<1.96
12.
-2.33<z<1.64
13.
-2.88<z<3.12
14.
-2.69<z<0.01
15.

43