Human Culture

and Civilization
Presented by: Amo, Cabardo & Domingo
Yakan Wedding awes visitors at ARMM
Cultural Village
Usual wedding
 Culture
• the beliefs, values, mind-sets, and practices of a
group of people. It includes the behavior pattern and
norms of that group—the rules, the assumptions, the
perceptions, and the logic and reasoning that are
specific to a group.
• is really the collective programming of our minds from
birth. It’s this collective programming that
distinguishes one group of people from another.

Culture awareness
• most commonly refers to having an understanding of
another culture’s values and perspective.
 Cross - Cultural
understanding/Cultural relativism

• requires that we reorient our mind-set and,

most importantly, our expectations, in
order to interpret the gestures, attitudes,
and statements of the people we
encounter. We reorient our mind-set, but
we don’t necessarily change it.
 Culture Distinguish from one the other
Nationalities
• A national culture is—as it sounds—defined
by its geographic and political boundaries
and includes even regional cultures within
a nation as well as among several
neighboring countries.
Subcultures
• Groups are defined by ethnicity, gender,
generation, religion, or other
characteristics with cultures that are
unique to them.
Organizations
• Every organization has its own workplace
culture, referred to as the organizational
culture. This defines simple aspects such as
how people dress (casual or formal), how
they perceive and value employees, or how
they make decisions (as a group or by the
manager alone).
 Cultural Barriers
• Generational - Each age group has a different
general approach to work, which often leads to
conflicts with older workers describing younger
workers as "slackers," and younger workers
criticizing older workers as being "out of touch."
• Status and Resistance - Workers who are
accustomed to workplaces where seniority and
status are emphasized may find it difficult to
adapt to more fluid environments, where job
titles are de-emphasized and production
methods do not always follow a predetermined
set of guidelines.
Ancient Past
Archeologists
• Study the preserved material remains of past
human activities. Places where these materials are
found are called archeological sites. Archeological
remains include weapons and tools used to
accomplish tasks such as hunting, farming, cooking,
craft making, and building houses or other facilities.
• work much like detectives to determine from
fragmentary evidence what actions or events
produced the remains preserved at a site.
History
• Historians use documentary sources, including
written accounts, maps, and lists (inventories and
census records, for example) to reconstruct what
happened in the more recent past.
 Elements of Culture
Symbols
• The first element that exists in every culture is a variety
of symbols. A symbol is anything that is used to stand for
something else. People who share a culture often
attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture,
sound, or image.
Language
The second element present in every culture is a
language. Language is a system of words and
symbols used to communicate with other people.
This includes full languages as we usually think of
them, such as English, Spanish, French, it also
includes body language, slang, and common
phrases that are unique to certain groups of
people.

Values
Another cultural element is a system of values,
which are culturally defined standards for what is
good or desirable. Members of the culture use the
shared system of values to decide what is good
and what is bad.
Rituals
Different cultures also have different rituals, or
established procedures and ceremonies that often
mark transitions in the life course. As such, rituals both
reflect and transmit a culture’s norms and other
elements from one generation to the next.
Values
Another important element of culture and involve
judgments of what is good or bad and desirable or
undesirable. A culture’s values shape its norms.
Artifacts
The last element of culture is the artifacts, or material
objects, that constitute a society’s material culture.
In the most simple societies, artifacts are largely
limited to a few tools, the huts people live in, and the
clothing they wear.
 Why is culture a significant
human accomplishment?
Culture is important to us because it
defines our evolutionary identity. Culture
helps us understand our ancestral values
and gives us the very meaning of life. It also
makes us unique from other parts of the
world. When born in a particular region, we
grow up by learning our regional culture
and the society shapes our lives to become
what we are today. Traditional culture of a
community keeps us bonded.
• Ancestry
• Self-realization
• Evolutionary enlightenment
• Moral values
• Discipline
• Knowledge
• Compassion
• Meaning of life
• Safeguard future generations
• Responsibility
 Civilization
• The word “civilization” comes from a
Latin word “civis” (which means
citizen).

• The process by which a society or

place reaches an advanced stage of
social and cultural development and
organization.
 Factors that affect and influence
the rise of civilization
• Humans were hunter-gatherers. This means that
people were moving from one place to another
searching for food instead of settling in one place
with stable supply of food.

• People learnt how to practice agriculture and

domesticate animals for food. They were able to
produce stable food like barley, wheat, maize, rice,
beans, potato, etc. And they domesticated
animals like cows, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats,
pigs, horses, chickens, ducks, etc. All these allowed
the people to secure constant food supply.
• Normally, people settled somewhere with the
favourable environment (constant supply of
water and fertile soil) to start agriculture (e.g.
river valleys near the tropics, etc.). Also, such
favourable environment provided people with
other resources like metals and minerals.

• Settling near a permanent source

of water provided people with several things.
Water could be used for consumption and
irrigation. Also, people could get seafood from
water bodies like rivers and oceans. Water was
needed in metal-working and water was used
as a means of transport.
• And, they also developed stone-working
technology to develop tools for agriculture
(e.g. plough) and to kill domesticated
animals for food (e.g. spears). The stone-
working technology marked a great
technological shift from using wooden tools
because stone is a harder material and
allows greater efficiency.
• So, with agriculture and domestication of
animals, people were able to get stable
supply of food and hence they did not have
to move from place to place searching for
food.Finally, they were able to settle in one
place and started forming a
settlement/community. These smalls patches
of settlements around the Earth gradually
evolved to form civilisations in which they
had a shared culture.
 Trading
• allowed people to have surplus food
and economic stability. Many people no
longer had to practice farming, allowing a
diverse array of professions and interests
to flourish in a relatively confined area.
 Architecture
• All civilizations work to preserve their legacy
by building large monuments and structures.
 Politics
• All civilizations rely on
government administration—bureaucracy.
 Warfare
• by fighting wars, people have created larger,
more organized societies that have reduced
the risk that their members will die violently.
 Faith
• Is the determining agent of social stability of
a community civilization.
 Innovation
• Improve and make life easier.