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Equilibrium
Constant
Equilibrium Constant (K)
Provides information about equilibrium
mixture and the extent to which the
reaction has taken place
K value shows how far a reaction
proceeds towards completion
Allows calculating equilibrium
concentrations of products and reactants
Equilibrium Constant (K)
A large K value (K>>1), indicates that the
equilibrium position lies to the right and
the concentration of the products of the
forward reaction are greater than those
of the reactants.
If K value is small (K<<1), the equilibrium
position lies to the left, and the
concentrations of the reactants
predominate over the products.
Consider the following
reaction
N2(g)+O2(g)⇌2NO(g)
Kp=[pNO]2/[pN2][pO2]
= 4.0 x 10 -31 at 200 C
The extremely low equilibrium constant
value indicates that at this temperature,
only minute quantities of nitric oxide, NO,
are present at equilibrium and that the
reverse reaction is greatly favored. The
equilibrium position lies very far to the left,
which means the reaction hardly occurs
at all, which is just, as well, because we
live in a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere.
Consider the following
reaction
CO(g)+CL2(g)⇌COCL2(g)
Kc=[COCL2]2/[CO][CL2]
= 4.57 x 10 9
Therelatively large value of Kc indicates
that the equilibrium concentration of
COCL2 is much greater than CO and CL2
and the synthesis of COCL2 is virtually
complete. The equilibrium lies to the right
and the formation of products is highly
favored.
Using
the ideal gas equation and the equilibrium
constant expression, the relation between Kc and
Kp can be derived. The resulting formula is
Kp = Kc (RT) Δn [6.6]
Given:
2SO2 O2 2 SO3
[SO3]2
Kc=
[SO2]2[ O2 ]
(0.90)2
=
(0.1)2 (0.55)
=1.47 x 10 2
Since Kc >>1, there are
more products than
reactants
Sample Problem 2
A. The component of an equilibrium mixture at 27C
for the reactions,