DIGITAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING

Welcome!
SEMESTER 2, 2018/2019

Faculty of Electrical & Electronics

Engineering (FKEE)

9/26/2019 NORIZAM
FKEE\Chapter0
 DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING
CODE # : BEE 4413 (3 credits hour)
Lecture/Lab - 3 hrs (2 + 1)
Lab - 2 hrs

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE/Chapter0

LECTURER
PROFILE
• Lecturer’s name : Dr. Norizam Bin Sulaiman
• Office’s venue : E11-C10
• Office’s Tel # : 09-4246085
• H/p # : 012-4596552
• E-mail : norizam@ump.edu.my /
norizam.sulaiman@yahoo.com
• Announcement : will be made during class hour or
will be put in e-learning/student portal (KALAM)
• Teaching slides and softcopy of textbook already
attached to Kalam.ump.edu.my
• In facebook (need to create section facebook) &
Whatsapp group
 CLASS SCHEDULE &
VENUE
Section 1:
1. Wednesday => 16:00pm – 17:50pm
(Lecture  BK6)
(Lab  Signal Processing Lab/F08A )

2. Friday => 15:00 pm – 16:50pm

(Lab  Signal Processing Lab/F08A )
9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter0
 CLASS SCHEDULE &
VENUE
Section 2:
1. Tuesday => 12:00pm – 13:50pm
(Lecture  BK2)
(Lab  Signal Processing Lab/F08A )

2. Thursday => 08:00 pm – 09:50pm

(Lab  Signal Processing Lab/F08A )
9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter0
 COURSE
SYNOPSIS
This course introduces students to the
fundamental principles of digital signal
processing (DSP) including sampling theorems,
Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system analysis, z-
transform, Filter design, Discrete-Time
Systems structures, and Discrete Fourier
Transform (DFT). This course also exposes
students to the computational tools in solving
engineering problems related to DSP and its
application.
9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter0
 COURSE
OUTCOMES
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
• CO 01  Apply sampling theorem to obtain discrete-time signals,
classify discrete-time system and perform convolution in time
domain.

• CO 02  Design various types of digital filter using transfer function

of LTI system, obtain filter response and perform convolution using
DFT technique.

• CO 03  Conduct independent readings and researches in

providing design solution for filter design problem by translating
filter’s transfer function into real-time using computational tools.

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter0

 COURSE
SYLLABUS (TOPICS)
• Chapter 1 : Introduction to Discrete Signals (1 hrs)
• Chapter 2 : Sampling Theorem (3 hrs)
• Chapter 3 : Discrete-Time Signals & Systems (8 hrs)
• Chapter 4 : z-Transform (10 hrs)
• Chapter 5 : Filter Design (10 hrs)
• Chapter 6 : Discrete-Time Systems Structure
Realization (4 hrs)
• Chapter 7 : Discrete-Fourier Transform (DFT)(6 hrs)

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 42 Hours (14 weeks).

9/26/2019 NORIZAM
FKEE\Chapter0
 ASSESSMENTS
The Final Grade will be calculated as follows:
Quizzes (4x) => 10 %
Test (2x) => 30 %
Assignment/Project (1x) => 10 %
Lab (2x) => 10 %
Final Examination => 40 %
Total => 100 %
 20% coursework will be published in wk 9
 60% coursework will be published in wk 15
9/26/2019 NORIZAM
FKEE\Chapter0
 ASSESSMENT’S
DETAIL
 Quizzes CO 01 & CO 02 (10%)
Will cover Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7

 Tests (30%)
Test 1 from Chapter 2, 3, 4 & 5  Wk 6
Test 2 from Chapter 6 & 7  Wk 13

 Projects (10%) & Lab (10%)

Project - Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (Group work) using MATLAB/LABVIEW
Lab – Chapter 5 & 6 Using NI myDAQ & EMONA myDSP

 Final Exam (40%)

4 Questions (Chapter 2, 3, 5, 6 & 7)

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE

 REFERENCE
BOOKS
• Proakis, J. G., Manolakis, D. G., “Digital Signal Processing :
Principles, Algorithms & Applications”, 4th Ed., Prentice Hall, 2007.
• Mitra, S. K.,“Digital Signal Processing : A Computer-Based
Approach”, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, 2005.
• Hayes, M. H.,“Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Digital
Signal Processing”, McGraw Hill, 1999.
• Oppenheim, A. V., Schafer, R. W., “Discrete-Time Signal Processing,
2nd Ed.,Prentice Hall, 1999.
• Ifeachor, Emmanuel C., Jervis, Barrie W., “Digital Signal Processing :
A Practical Approach”, 2nd Ed.,Prentice Hall, 2002.
• Ingle, V. K., Proakis, J. G., “Digital Signal Processing using
MATLAB”, Thompson, 2007.
• Tervo, R. J.,“Practical Signals Theory with MATLAB Applications”,
Wiley, 2012.
• http: //www.dspguide.com, www.dspguru.com/,
• https://www.edmodo.com/

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter0

CLASS ROOM POLICIES
ATTENDANCE
Attendance Policies
 MUST MEET 80% ATTENDANCE POLICY (UNDER
ACADEMIC REGULATION, SECTION 8)
 FAILURE TO COMPLY STUDENT SHALL BE DROPPED
FROM THE COURSE, ZERO MARKS WILL BE GIVEN THE
GRANTED COURSE
 ANY ABSENT TO THE CLASS DUE TO HEALTH/MEDICAL
PROBLEM OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY FACULTY OR
UMP MUST COME WITH PROPER/ APPROVED
DOCUMENTATION, PLEASE FOLLOW THE FACULTY
ATTENDACE PROCEDURE & RULE.
ATTENDING LECTURE IS VERY HIGH PRIORITY
9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE
CLASS ROOM POLICIES
CLASSROOM CONDUCT

• All students in the class must treat others with

civility and respect and conduct themselves
during class sessions in a way that does not
unreasonably interfere with the opportunity of
other students to learn. Failure to comply with
this requirement may result in points being
deducted from a student’s final numerical
average/soft skills.

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter0

ACADEMIC HONESTY

• Your written assignments, project, test and

final examinations must be your own work.
• Any academic misconduct will not be
tolerated.
• To insure that you are aware of what is
considered academic misconduct, you should
review carefully the definition and examples
provided in Student Handbook/Academic Rule
& Regulation.
9/26/2019
 DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 WHAT IS DSP ?

• DSP OR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING IS THE

PROCESSING OF THE SIGNALS DIGITALLY OR BY
DIGITAL MEANS.

• THE SIGNALS ARE ANALOG (CONTINUOUS) SUCH

AS HUMAN VOICE, ELECTRICAL SIGNAL(VOLTAGE
OR CURRENT), RADIO WAVE, OPTICAL, AUDIO,
AND SO ON WHICH CONTAINS A STREAM OF
INFORMATION OR DATA.

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
Difference of Analog & Digital Signal

• Analog signal must be converted into Digital form (Discrete)

before DSP techniques can be applied. The analog signal is
basically denoted as x[t] or xa[t] because it varied by time. The
analog signal comes in form of sinusoid (sine or cosine wave).

• The Analog signal is digitized by using Integrated Electronic

Circuit device called an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The
output of ADC will be in the form of binary number that represents
the analog signal such as electrical voltage.

 Sinusoidal wave
 Triangular wave
 Square wave
 Sawtooth wave

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
Difference of Analog & Digital Signal

• The analog signal are always come with noise. Thus the noise filtering is
needed before the signal goes to ADC. The filtering can be done by using
DSP techniques.
• The special purpose microprocessors are designed to carry out application
of DSP. It is named as Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and used in real
time application.

digital digital
signal signal
analog analog
signal A/D DSP D/A signal
9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1
INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
SIGNAL PROCESSING

• DSPs are programmable devices and capable of carrying out

millions of instruction per second.

• It is vital to know how Digital Signal Processing work before we go

to DSPs (The diagram of the process is shown in Figure 1 and 2).

• The signals and systems must come together. The systems are
needed to operate the signals. For example, we need to use
Thermometer to measure Temperature, Microphone to carry out
analog signal (human voice) and convert it to electrical signal,
Charge-Couple Device (CCD) used in in Camera or Digital Camera
to convert image to picture and so on. In general, the system is
characterized by the type of operation that it performs on the
signal.

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
SIGNAL PROCESSING

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
SIGNAL PROCESSING

A Complete Process of Digital Signal

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1
 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
SIGNAL PROCESSING

• From the diagram, it can be seen that ADC and DAC

are 2 vital devices used in signal processing to convert
the signal from analog to discrete (digital) and vice
versa.

• ADC is basically consists of Sampler, Quantizer and

Coder. All this elements are built up by CMOS
Switched-Capacitor (for Sampling), Op-Amp (Signal
Amplification) & Comparator (Quantizer).

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
SIGNAL PROCESSING

• Quantization is the conversion of discrete-time

continuous-valued to discrete-time discrete- valued
(digital) signal. The difference of this is called
Quantization Error, Qe.

• The coder in ADC will convert the output of the

Quantizer to b-bit binary sequence that can be read by
DSPs (Digital Signal Processors).

• The DAC, will perform a reverse operation of ADC in

order to generate back analog signal.

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
CHANGE OF SIGNAL FORMS IN DSP

ANALOG DISCRETE-TIME SIGNAL

(CONTINUOUS-
TIME SIGNAL

DIGITAL SIGNAL
9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1
 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
QUANTIZATION PROCESS

2b = L,
b = # of bit

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
APPLICATION OF DSP

• DSP CAN BE APPLIED IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS :

=> COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
(MOBILE PHONE, SATELLITE, RADAR, SONAR,
INTERNET)
=> ENTERTAINMENT ELECTRONICS
(RADIO, TV, Hi-Fi, CD/VCD/DVD PLAYER,MP3),
=> MULTIMEDIA
(ACOUSTICS, IMAGE, SPEECH RECOGNIZATION &
VIDEO CODING, DIGITAL CAMERA),

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
APPLICATION OF DSP

=> MEDICAL INSTRUMENT

(EEG, EMG, ECG – Electrocardiogram – provides
information about the condition of patient’s heart),
=> GEOPHYSICS (Seismology)
(Apparatus used to measure earth movement)
=> INSTRUMENTATION
(ELECTRONIC TESTER Such as Digital Multimeter,
Oscilloscope)
=> IC TECHNOLOGY
=> DATA COMPRESSION

9/26/2019 NORIZAM FKEE\Chapter1

 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
APPLICATION OF DSP
DETERMINE WHICH PART IN CELL PHONE or MOBILE
PHOE BELOW APPLY DSP?

9/26/2019
 INTRODUCTION TO
DISCRETE SIGNALS
APPLICATION OF DSP

9/26/2019