Newborn

means a child from the time of

complete delivery to 30 days
old.
 Newborn Screening
Is a simple procedure to find out if
the baby has a congenital metabolic
disorder that may lead to mental
retardation or even death if left
untreated
 When is NBS done ?
NBS is ideally done on the 48th to 72nd
hour of life.

However, it may also be done after 24

hours from birth.
 How is NBS done ?
A few drops of blood are taken from
the baby’s heel, blotted on a special
absorbent filter card, and then sent to a
Newborn Screening Center (NSC)
 Who will collect the
sample for NBS ?
Physician
Nurse
Medical Technologist
Trained Midwife
 Where is NBS available ?
NBS is available in hospitals, lying-ins, rural
health units, health centers, and some
private clinics.

If babies are delivered at home, babies may

be brought to the nearest institution
offering NBS.
 What are the disorders tested
for NBS ?
Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Galactosemia (GAL)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase
Deficiency (G6PD Def.)
 Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH)

CH results from lack or absence of thyroid

hormone which is essential for the physical and
mental development of a child. If the disorder is
not detected and hormone replacement is not
initiated within two (2) weeks, the baby with CH
may suffer from growth and mental retardation.
 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
(CAH)
CAH is an endocrine disorder that causes severe
salt loss, dehydration and abnormally high levels
of male sex hormones in both boys and girls. If not
detected and treated early, babies with CAH may
die within 7-14 days.
 Galactosemia (GAL)
GAL is a condition in which babies are unable to
process galactose, the sugar present in
milk. Accumulation of excessive galactose in the
body can cause many problems, including liver
damage, brain damage and cataracts.
 Phenylketonuria (PKU)
PKU is a rare condition in which the baby
cannot properly use one of the building blocks
of protein called phenylalanine. Excessive
accumulation of phenylalanine in the blood
causes brain damage.
 Glucose-6Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Deficiency (G6PD def)

G6PD deficiency is a condition where the body lacks

the enzyme called G6PD. Babies with this deficiency
may have hemolytic anemia resulting from exposure
to oxidative substances found in drugs, foods and
chemicals.
 Behavioral Development of a Health
Baby :
0-1 month suckles and smiles
2-3 months vocalizes and controls head
4-5 months controls hand and rolls over
6-7 months sits briefly and crawls
8-9 months grasps and pulls up
10-11 months walks with support and stands
alone
Kinds of Immunization Age of Immunization

BCG (Anti-TB) 0-1 month old and 7 years old

OPV (Anti-polio Vaccine) 0-1/2 month, 2 ½ months, 32

months
DPT (Anti-diphtheria, 1 ½ months, 2 ½ months, 32
Pertussis and Tetanus) months
Hepa B Vaccine 1 ½ months, 2 ½ months, 32
months
MMR (Measles, Mumps, 9 months to 1 year
Rubella)
 APGAR Score for Assessing Newborns
Criteria 0 1 2
Color Pale or Blue Pink body, Blue Pink body, Blue
extremities extremities
Heart Rate Absent Less than 100 beats Greater than 100
per minute beats per minute
Respiration Absent Slow and Irregular Good breathing
with crying
Reflex Respond Absent Grimace or Cough, sneezes, or
noticeable facial pulls away
movement
Muscle Tone Absent Some flexion of Active and
extremities spontaneous
movement of limbs
 Breastfeeding
Is the traditional and ideal form of infant
feeding, meeting an infant’s nutritional needs
for his first four to six months of life.

It is non-allergenic and easily digested.

It lowers the risks of intestinal illnesses and

general infections.
 Lactation
Is the period of milk production initiated
by the PROLACTIN HORMONE in the
mammary gland.

The first thick and yellowish fluid that

comes out from the second to the fifth day
after delivery is called COLOSTRUM.
 Advantages of breastfeeding
are :
It is economical and nutritious

It promotes emotional bonding between

the child and the mother.

Mother’s milk has an antibody that protects

the infant from certain diseases.