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Networking Systems
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
P R O F Y UA N M I A O
Y UA N . M I A O @ V U. E D U. AU
Outline
Weekly
Teaching
Schedule
Assessment Text
Types of
Networks
Practice &
OSI Model
Lab Session
This knowledge and skills will be applied to analyze, evaluate, develop and
design current and future computer networks.
Attendance is important!
◦ You will be asked to submit your tutorial/laboratory work by end of the class
◦ Both individual tasks and group work will be constructed in tutorial/laboratory
sessions
◦ https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0QlxO5b3oiBYW1VSzBQY1E3UkU/view?usp=shari
ng
Any person found colluding or plagiarizing will face disciplinary action. Further
information on university policy is available at
http://tls.vu.edu.au/SLS/slu/ReadingWriting/Plagiarism/Plagiarism.htm
Communication links
◦ fiber, copper, radio, satellite
◦ transmission rate = bandwidth
access
points wired
links
Routers
◦ forward packets (chunks of data)
router
Communication links
◦ fiber, copper, radio, satellite Home network
◦ transmission rate = bandwidth Regional ISP
Routers
Institutional network
◦ forward packets (chunks of data)
Internet standards
◦ RFC: Request for comments
Institutional network
◦ IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
Institutional network
Tier-1
providers
Tier 1 ISP
interconnect
(peer)
privately
Tier 1 ISP Tier 1 ISP
to/from backbone
peering
… …
.
…
…
to/from customers
local
ISP Tier 3 local
local local
ISP ISP
ISP ISP
Local and tier- 3 Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP
ISPs are
customers of Tier 1 ISP
higher tier ISPs
connecting them
to rest of
Internet Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP Tier-2 ISP
local
Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP
local ISP
local local
ISP ISP ISP
NIT5110 - Networking Systems 21
Internet Structure – Network of Networks
A packet passes through many networks!
local
ISP Tier 3 local
local local
ISP ISP
ISP ISP
Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Clients:
communicate with server
may be intermittently connected
may have dynamic IP addresses
do not communicate directly with
each other
switch
coaxial cable
mail server
to external
network web server
router
IP subnet
cable headend
CMTS
…
splitter cable
cable modem … modem
termination system
ISP
• Challenges:
– multiple applications, each
serving massive numbers of
clients
– managing/balancing load,
avoiding processing, networking,
data bottlenecks
Inside a 40-ft Microsoft container,
Chicago data center
Tier-1 switches
B
A C Tier-2 switches
TOR switches
Server racks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tier-1 switches
Tier-2 switches
TOR
switches
Server racks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TCP connection
Hi request
TCP connection
Hi response
Get
Got the time? http://www.awl.com/k
urose-ross
2:00pm
time <file>
TCP connection
Hi request
TCP connection
Hi response
Get
Got the time? http://www.awl.com/k
urose-ross
? time <file>
switch
destination Hn Ht M network
M application Hl Hn Ht M link Hn Ht M
Ht M transport physical
Hn Ht M network
Hl Hn Ht M link router
physical
NIT5110 - Networking Systems 39
Encapsulation
Example:
transmission
A propagation
B
nodal
processing queueing
transmission
A propagation
B
nodal
processing queueing
100 km 100 km
ten-car toll toll
fleet booth booth
Q: How long until the fleet clear the A: 6 (last car travel time) +5 (300 sec,
2nd toll booth? last car passed the 1st booth)+.5 (last car
passed the 2nd booth) =11.5 minutes
Similar to the earlier analogy, there are other factors can affect the throughput
significantly, besides the link speed.
- the propagation time is distance / light speed = 3000km / 300000 km/h = 0.01 hr
= 36 s
- throughput (total bits sent) = 1024 x 8 (bits) / 72s = 114 bps = 0.1 kbps
- That means, even with a link of 100Mbps or 1000Mbps, the throughput will be
only 0.1kbps .
- It shows the importance of the protocol design. Frequent acknowledgement in
long distance communication is undesirable.
- When the switch processing time changes, link quality changes, file size changes,
the protocol needs to be adjusted accordingly to gain the maximum speed.
You will have chance to use Cisco Router and Switches to design and
implement a real network in major assignments or labs
Enable
Config terminal
hostname R1
interface F0/0
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
No shut
Exit
interface F0/1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
No shut
Exit
You can search the Internet on the meaning of the commands. Self learning is a
capability that IT professionals need as technologies are developed at an
extraordinary pace.
Ping 192.168.0.1
Ping 192.168.1.1
Ping 192.168.1.2
Later you will have opportunity to conduct the labs with physical routers,
switches and pcs