ELECTRIC TRACTION

SYSTEMS

Prepared By :
 MOTIVATION
• Sheer size and roaring sound.
• Use of electronics to bring down distance
and time.
• A fascination for electrical students
- Use of traction motors
- Speed Control
- Braking
 TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
• Traction system, its classification and
nomenclature.
• Power Supply in Electric Traction (AC and
DC systems).
• Traction motors used.
• Control of traction motors.
• Braking.
TRACTION SYSTEM,
ITS CLASSIFICATION
AND
NOMENCLATURE
 INTRODUCTION
• Traction - locomotion on the rails (driving
force - steam or electric drive)
• Classification of Traction Systems:
> Non-Electric
> Electric
- receive electricity externally
- self contained locomotives
 NOMENCLATURE IN INDIAN
RAILWAYS
Name consists of four parts
e.g. WDP2: Diesel-Electric Passenger train running on broad gauge
W/Y/Z A/D P/G/M/S 2/4/6/2C
(Gauge (Mode of (What for it (Model
type) traction) is used) No.)
W  B.G. A  AC Traction P  Passenger

Y  M.G. D  Diesel-Electric G  Goods

Z  N.G. Traction (Not DC Traction) M Mixed (Passenger and Goods)

S  Shunting
 TYPES OF GAUGES USED
Type of Gauge Gauge Width
1. Standard Gauge or Broad Gauge (B.G) 1.676 m
2. Meter Gauge (M.G) 1.0 m
3. Narrow Gauge (N.G) 0.762 m
4. Light Gauge (L.G) 0.610 m

TYPES OF RAILWAY SERVICES

 Main line service
 City service or urban service
 Sub-urban service
 SYSTEMS OF TRACK
ELECTRI-FICATION
 Direct current system
 Single phase low frequency a.c system
 Single phase high frequency a.c system
 Three phase a.c system
 Composite system
- Single phase to Three phase
- Single Phase to Direct Current
 POWER SUPPLY IN
ELECTRIC TRACTION
(AC AND DC SYSTEMS)
 POWER SUPPLY IN ELECTRIC
TRACTION

•Conductor Rail System

•Overhead System
Contact strips

Horn

Pantograph arm

Fig: Pantograph and its parts

OVERHEAD LINE CATENARY
TYPES OF OVERHEAD
CATENARY
 CONTROL
OF
TRACTION MOTORS
 CONTROL OF DC TRACTION
MOTORS
• Rheostatic Control •Series-Parallel Control
 CONTROL OF DC TRACTION
MOTORS (Contd.)
• Field Weakening Method

• Diesel-Electric Locomotive Control

CONTROL OF AC INDUCTION
MOTOR

• Rheostatic Control
• Pole-Changing Control
• Cascade Control
• Combination of Cascading and Pole-
Changing Control
 BRAKING
OF
TRACTION MOTORS
 BRAKING
• Electrical Braking
- Plugging
- Rheostatic Braking
- Regenerative Braking
• Mechanical Braking
- Compressed Air Brake
- Vacuum Brake
- Magnetic Track Brake
REGENERATIVE BRAKING
 ADVANCED TRACTION
SYSTEMS
• Multiple Unit Traction System (EMU,
DMU)
• Driving force – from multiple units
• EMU – suburban railway transport
• Rheostatic Control
 CONCLUSION
• Advanced technologies – Magnetic
Levitation used for ultra high speed trains
• Electric traction – economical, easy and
safe

ANY QUESTIONS ???