Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Sta. Mesa Manila

Master in Public Administration

Proposed Policy Recommendations to Improve

the Implementation of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
in the National Capital Region:
Basis for Developing a Harmonized Anti-poverty
Framework
FERDINAND L. LA PUEBLA
 This paper evaluates the implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps) in the National Capital Region as basis for developing a harmonized anti-
poverty framework by reviewing secondary data from agencies, interviews from DSWD
staff and 4Ps beneficiaries as surveyed.
Using mixed methods of research, qualitative and quantitative data sets were
triangulated to establish the existing relationship and partnership that exist between and
among agencies ordered by the Executive Order No. 1 of the current administration in
alleviating poverty in the country.
Results revealed that there was no direct or strong collaboration between and
among agencies from the E.O. No. 1 with the DSWD, DOH, DILG and DepEd to
directly address poverty. There were initiatives and efforts made by some agencies with
DSWD, DOH, DILG, and DepEd, but, having an integrated efforts and program to
address poverty remained elusive for many with DSWD alone exerting efforts including
its partner agencies. Beneficiaries have received services from different areas, while
changes brought about by 4Ps to beneficiaries in terms of different areas of their lives
were gathered and analyzed, they remained elusive in addressing the root cause of their
poverty problem. Program concerned were identified and other suggestions and policy
recommendations to push for a proposed set of policy recommendations as basis for the
development of a harmonized anti-poverty framework.
1. What are the poverty-related mandates of the twelve
identified government agencies and do their mandates
relate to one another in supporting the implementation of
4Ps program?
2. How do their mandates affect the implementation of the
4Ps program?
3. How did the 4Ps improve or provided changes in the lives
of the beneficiaries in terms of health, skills and
knowledge, decision making, finance, education,
livelihood, and traits and attitudes, and political security?
4. What other actions undertaken by the implementing
agencies to address poverty and other human insecurities?
5. What are the factors that affect the
implementation of the 4Ps to achieve better
standards of living or better quality of life of the
beneficiaries?
5.1 Number of Children
5.2 Family Size
5.3 Openness to Change (attend meetings and study
information materials)
5.4 Willingness to Succeed (comply to
conditionalities)
5.5 Socio-economic Category (C, D, or E)
 5.6 Educational Background of Parents
5.7 Presence of Education Opportunities
5.8 Presence of Livelihood and Employment
Opportunities
5.9 Presence of Health Insurance and Health Cards
5.10 Expenditure pattern of urban household
5.11 Incremental demand for non-agricultural
goods
6. What policy recommendations may be proposed and
adopted as basis for developing a harmonized anti-
poverty framework in the context of the 4Ps?
Human Security Framework
It is an inter-disciplinary concept that displays the following
characteristics: people-centered multi-sectoral
comprehensive context-specific prevention-oriented.
Human security entails a broadened understanding of
threats and includes causes of insecurity relating for
instance to economic, food, health, environmental,
personal, community and political security
Social Justice Indicators
This theory refers to the justice in terms of
distribution of wealth, opportunities, and
privileges within a society. It is in basis of the
following indicators: Distributional justice, Fair
access, Environmental justice, Intra- and inter-
generational justice
This dissertation study focuses on the review of the different
government and government corporations’ mandates and
programs in the hope to come up with a basis for harmonizing
anti-poverty mandates and programs.
Only cities inside Metro Manila are selected to conduct this
study as to how DSWD as the lead implementing agency of
the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and Conditional
Cash Transfer.
The evaluation of this 4Ps Program shall include those
beneficiaries who are already one year or more than with the
program.
The study will cover policies and make use of laws as part of
the introduction of the study and focus only on the CCT as a
major program of DSWD together with its beneficiaries.
The following stakeholders are stated each below and
what this study would benefit each of them.

 The poorest, poorer and poor Filipino families,

 The Local Government Units of Metro Manila
 To Polytechnic University of the Philippines
 To present and future researchers,
 Poverty in the Philippines
In a nationwide survey conducted by the Social
Weather Stations (SWS) last December 5-8, 2015 among
1,200 respondents, 50 percent or equivalent to 11.2 Million
families claimed they are poor in the past three months, the
same percentage recorded in the third quarter survey of the
same year. (Manila Bulletin, January 7, 2016)
 Conditional Cash Transfer
CCTs have been adopted on every continent, and
scholars and policymakers alike look to the program as a
solution to rampant global inequality (Adato, Michelle &
Hoddindott, John, 2009)
 These may be different in terms of focus as this current study also looks
into alleviating poverty through review of mandates and 4Ps with its
Modified CCT program.
 However, it is similar with the foreign studies in terms of the overall goals
of study – to help the people survive and have better lives and standards of
living.
 For the local studies, this study is different to most of the local studies
which are national in scope such as the NSCB or PSA statistics in terms of
poverty incidence.
 As this study does not want to include other broader concepts, it remains
different due to its focus on mandates review and cost-benefit analysis to
be used in analyzing poverty alleviation program and in identifying other
poverty issues and human insecurities to be experienced or being
experienced by the beneficiaries of the 4Ps.
 Most of the literatures gathered revealed historical background of the CCT
and how it evolved and transferred to other countries such as the
Philippines.
 Evaluative research
An evaluation research is a descriptive research
design that appraise the implementation of 4Ps,
practices, policies, instruments or other variables based
on the statement of the problem of the study.
 The researcher intends to involve the participation of different
stakeholders in the the implementation of 4Ps:

1.1 4Ps and CCT Beneficiaries

1.2 Government Sector Representatives

 The researcher will employ, a multi-stage sampling design specifically

application convenient sampling to be held at shelter center in cities
around Metro Manila.

 One family per district per city shall be chosen to participate in the
study.
Assisted-survey Questionnaire
Semi-structured Interview
Validation of Research Instrument: Cronbach’s
Alpha
 Methods:

1. Documentary analysis and review

2. Survey
 Content Analysis
 Triangulation Method
 Percentage distribution
 Frequency distribution.
 T-test
 Z-test
 Simple Cost-benefit Analysis
 The poverty-related mandates of the twelve identified government
agencies and their mandates to one another in supporting the
implementation of 4ps program
Agencies Mandates
1. Cooperative Development The CDA, pursuant to its mandate as the lead agency for the
Authority (CDA) promotion and development of cooperatives and in consonance to
the realization of collective vision and strategic goals.
2. Housing and Urban The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
Development Coordinating (HUDCC), serves as the oversight, the over-all coordinator,
Council (HUDCC) initiator and facilitator of all government policies, plans and
programs for the housing sector to ensure the accomplishment of
National Shelter Program.
3. National Anti-Poverty The National Anti-Poverty Commission, shall serve as the
Commission (NAPC) coordinating and advisory body for the implementation of the
Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act.
4. National Commission on It is the mandate of NCIP to protect and promote the well being of
Indigenous People (NCIP) ICCs and IPs with due regards to their beliefs, customs, traditions
and institutions.

5. National Commission on
Muslim Filipinos
6. National Food Authority
7. National Youth
Commission
8. Presidential Action Center
9. Philippine Commission on
Women
It is the mandate of the National Commission on
Muslim Filipinos to promote the rights of Muslim
Filipinos and to make them active participants in
Nation Building.
It is the mandate of the NFA to ensure national food
security and stabilize supply and prices of staple
cereals both in the farm and consumer levels.
It is the mandate of the National Youth Commission to
promote sustainable developmental policies and
programs for and with the Filipino Youth.
It’s mandates is to effectively bridge the delivery of
services to the general public, as it strives to provide
satisfactory conclusion to the needs of the public,
through the most appropriate and efficient means
available.
Mandated with the intention of promoting and
protecting the rights of the Women in the Philippines
 Mandated to promote the rapid integrated
10. •Philippine Coconut
development and growth of the coconut and
Authority (PCA) other palm oil industry in all its aspects and to
ensure that the coconut farmers become direct
participants in, and beneficiaries of such
development and growth.
PCUP is mandated to serves as the direct link of
11. Presidential Commission
the urban poor to the government in policy
on Urban Poor formulation and program implementation
addressed their needs.
It is tasked to manage and supervise technical
12. Technical Education and
education and skills development (TESD) in the
Skills Development Philippines.

Authority (TESDA)
The Effect of Mandates to the Implementation of 4P’s
Program
Agencies Effects of Mandates
1. Cooperative Development The CDA, pursuant to its mandate contributed to the societal
Authority (CDA) goal of poverty reduction and the improvement of the quality
of life of the members of the cooperatives and some
beneficiaries of 4Ps.
2. Housing and Urban In accordance to its mandates its should provide quality of
Development Coordinating shelter and the kind of communities where people live can be
Council (HUDCC) both a source of vulnerability and a means to enhance
development opportunities and improve human development
outcomes.
3. National Anti-Poverty Reformed and developed poverty-alleviation projects and
Commission (NAPC) programs that would bring about better living conditions for
the poor.
4. National Commission on Pursuant to its mandates NCIP provides us the rights that
Indigenous People (NCIP) protects the welfare of the IPs.
Pursuant to its mandate, the NCMF is pursuing the promotion
5. National Commission on
and development of Muslim Economic affairs and
Muslim Filipinos enhancement of Muslim culture and institutions.

6. National Food Authority
7. National Youth Commission
8. Presidential Action Center
9. Philippine Commission on Women
Pursuant to its mandate it ensure reasonable
rate of return to Filipino farmers, by
achieving a nationwide sustainable
mechanism.
NYC arranges for other government
agencies and private companies to hire out-
of-school, unemployed youth as interns
who receive a monthly stipend that is 75%
of the minimum wage.
PAC strives to provide satisfactory
conclusion to the needs of the public,
through the most appropriate and efficient
means available.
Core programs formulated their GAD plans
to ensure that women-beneficiaries are
capacitated and provided with the
opportunity to participate in leadership
action and in decision-making opportunities
within their communities.
 There were also project proposal for cash for training in
10. Philippine Coconut
Calbayog for the coconut planting and maintenance that has
Authority (PCA) been submitted and awaiting funding from Protective Service
Bureau. However in terms of its mandates application to
Metro Manila no projects has been implemented since it do
not goes according to the geographic profile of the area.
PCUP provide access to large markets for goods and services
11. Presidential
and communication with the rest of the world. Urban centers
Commission on Urban create opportunities for jobs, employment, and livelihood

Poor
TESDA set-ups training standards in the country and
12. Technical Education
producing globally competitive workers through quality
and Skills Development training, plans to offer more training services to urban & rural
poor, farmers, fisher folks, indigenous people, women, rebel
Authority (TESDA) returnees/combatants, drug dependents, repatriated OFWs,
out-of-school youths, micro, small and medium enterprises,
family enterprises, and local government units.
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Government
Organization Familiar to Respondents
Organization Frequency Percent
Cooperative Development Authority 1 2.5
Housing and Urban Development
Coordinating Council 5 12.5
National Anti-Poverty Commission 2 5
National Commission on Indigenous
People 2 5
National Commission on Muslim
Filipinos 0 0
National Food Authority 10 25
National Youth Commission 4 10
Office of the President- Presidential
Action Center 3 7.5
Philippine Commission on Women 3 7.5
Philippine Coconut Authority 1 2.5
Presidential Commission on the
Urban Poor 1 2.5
Technical Education Skills
Development Authority 14 35
 The table shows the government owned organizations that the 4Ps has.
Hence, only 10 or 25% of the respondents said that there is a presence of National
Food Authority while 14 or 35% of the respondents said that there is a presence of
Technical Education Skills Development Authority are agencies who are actively
engaging to the community.
It appears from the gathered data that not all beneficiaries are aware of
those 12 agencies that are mandated to provide poverty alleviation projects in
order for the marginalized sector to have a better living conditions.
Nevertheless it can also be drawn from the data that respondents are not
well-informed with the existence of the project and programs of some of the
agencies beacause of the following reasons: 1. The projects and programs are not
yet implemented just like the housing program of HUDCC, 2 The projects and
programs are not inclined to the geographic profile of Metro Manila just like the
programs of PCA that is only applicable to rural areas. 3. The projects and
programs in accordance to their mandate cannot be applied to everyone especially
with PCW to the women. And NCMF that recognized and provide service to the
Musilim Filipinos. On the brighter side there are still agencies that are functioning
base on their mandates such as NFA and TESDA.
 The 4ps Improve Or Provide Changes In The Lives Of The Beneficiaries In
Terms Of Health, Skills And Knowledge, Decision Making, Finance,
Education, Livelihood, And Traits And Attitudes, And Political Security
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Services Provide
to the Beneficiaries of 4P’s Program
Services Frequency Percent
Health Services 40 100
Welfare Services 34 85
Security, peace and order
Services 24 60
Human rights Services 34 85
Education 38 95
Employment services 9 22.5
Business development services 13 32.5
Skills development Services 25 62.5
Information and social media
Services 37 92.5
Sports and recreational
Services 19 47.5
 It is indicated in the table that out of 40 respondents, all of them are
rceiving health services. Its bcause DSWD provides cash grants to
beneficiaries who comply with the conditions of sending their children to
school, bringing them to health centers for checkups, and attending monthly
family development sessions. The same with education services.
Most of the beneficiaries are also receiving information or social
media information. In terms of welfare services, 6 the respondents indicated
that they are not receiveing welfare services. There are also 25 respondents
who received skills development services, probably from TESDA
The least number of services provided is the employment services.
It is followed by business development services. The DSWD sure to deliver
social services by investing to such programs in health, education, welfare,
security, human rights and skills development services, however, little
services on promotion of employment and development of livelihood for the
family. As provided in this study, the employment of the majority of the
respondents on which they generate their household income is unstable. One
must have a sustainable source of income to continue sustain the basic needs
of the family members, most importantly that the respondents has an
average member of 5.
 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the
Most Needed Services of the Respondents
Frequency Total Mean Rank
Health Services 15 25 1.66 2
Welfare Services 8 23 2.87 3
Security, peace and
order Services 6 22 3.66 5
human rights Services 6 24 4 8
education 16 30 1.875 1
employment services 7 24 3.42 4
business development
services 8 31 3.87 7
skills development
Services 9 41 4.5 9
information and social
media Services 4 15 3.7 6
sports and recreational
Services 7 5 5 10
 Table 4 shows the correspondent response in their most needed
serves that the 4P’s Program is giving. Education ranked 1st of the most
needed services in reference with 16 respondents with the mean of 1.875.
Health services ranked 2nd of the most needed services in reference with 15
respondents with the mean of 1.66. Welfare services ranked 3rd of the most
needed services in reference with 8 respondents with the mean of 2.87.
while sports and recreational services ranked 10th of the most needed
services in reference with 7 respondents with the mean of 5.

As stated in the previous data, the government is stressing on the

importance of health and education as a way of alleviating poverty. The
beneficiaries in return, have to comply in the conditionaltiies of the
program. The main goal of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is to
break the inter-generational cycle of poverty by fostering change In
behavior among parents to invest in their children’s (and their own) future
(health, nutrition, education] because low schooling and high malnutrition
rate are strongly associated with poverty cycle in the Philippines.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in
the lives of the beneficiaries in terms of health
Health Frequency Percent
become overweight 3 7.5
eat balance diet 19 47.5
stronger immune system 15 37.5
exercise more 2 5
better food preparation 24 60
stopped vices 2 5
become underweight 4 10
eat nutritious food 27 67.5
more active at work 25 62.5
move easily around 21 52.5
minimize vices 2 5
stopped using drugs 0 0
 Table shows how the 4P’s change the life of the respondents in
terms of Health. On the positive side, 19 or 47.5% of them are now
eating with a balanced diet. 15 or 37.5% of them have stronger
immune system. 2 or 5% of them exercise more. 24 or 60% of them
exercise have better food preparation. 2 or 5% of them stopped their
vices. 27 or 67.% can now eat nutritious food. 25 or 62.5% of them
become more active at work. 21 or 52.5% them can move easily
around. 2 or 5% of them minimize vices. While on the negative side, 3
or 7.5 of them become overweight. 4 or 10% of them become
underweight. And no one stopped using drugs.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program changed the life
of the respondents in terms of health by being able to eat food with an
ensure food nutrition because they can afford it now also, they are now
cautious of their health aspect because there are monitoring team from
DSWD that ensure they are healthy by consistently monitoring the
weight of the beneficiaries. So now, from being wary of going to
health centre’s they now visit it regularly.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the lives
of the beneficiaries in terms of skills and knowledge

Skills and knowledge Frequency Percent

more knowledge about
business 20 50
more things we can do for
llivelihood 19 47.5
better learning on financial
instruments 7 17.5
more knowledge on health
and lifestyle 22 55
Others pls. specify 0 0
 Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of
the respondents in terms of skills and knowledge. 20 or 50%
of them have more knowledge about business. 19 or 47.5%
of them have more things that they can do for livelihood. 7
or 17.5% of them have better learning on financial
instruments. 22 or 55% of them have more knowledge on
health and lifestyle.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program
changed the life of the respondents in terms of skills and
knowledge by sending CSO’s to conduct SLP, workshops
and teach them livelihood and business trainings and
knowledge on health and lifestyle to enhance their decision-
making, financial management etc. as one of the benefits that
the beneficiaries of 4P’s can received.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the lives
of the beneficiaries in terms of decision making

Decision Making Frequency Percent

More shared decision 19 47.5
better relationship of the
couple 29 72.5
more communication 16 40
less violence 12 30
no violence 4 10
no incest cases 3 7.5
avoid sexual harassment 3 7.5
Others pls. specify 0 0
 Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of the
respondents in terms of Decision Making. 19 or 47.5% said that there
were shared decisions. 29 or 72.5% of them had better relationship
with their partners. 16 or 40% of them had more communication. 12
or 30% said that there is less violence. 4 or 10% said that there is no
violence. 3 0r 7.5% said that there is no incess cases. 12 or 30% said
that there is less violence.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program changed the
life of the respondents in terms of decision making. The respondents
were able to acquire education about being an active citizens and
parenthood by several session and education conducted from Civil
Society Organization, Sustainable Livelihood Program, and several
Local Government Unit. These lead the respondents to have an open
communication and to have a harmonious life and relationship with
the shared decision made by both parents and their children.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in
the lives of the beneficiaries in terms of finance

Finance Frequency Percent

more efficient in
saving 18 45
more savings 12 30
increased expenses 0 0
more financial
security 8 20
less worries 15 37.5
 Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of the
respondents in terms of Finance.18 or 45% were more efficient in
saving. 12 or 30% of the respondents had more savings. No has
increase on expense. 8 or 20% had more financial security. 15 or
37.5% had less worries.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program changed the
life of the respondents in terms of financial aspect. The respondents
were able to acquire education regarding financial literacy by
several session and education conducted from Civil Society
Organization, Sustainable Livelihood Program, several Local
Government Unit. These lead the respondents from being more
efficient in savings, less their expenses and worries and increased
their financial security.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the lives of
the beneficiaries in terms of education

Education of Children Frequency Percent

children attended classes again 16 40

children were scholars 10 25

more problems due to scholarships 0 0

less school absteeism 13 32.5

students learn more 14 35

 Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of
the respondents in terms of Children’s Education. 16 or 40%
of them said that their children attended classes again. 10 or
25% of them said that their children were scholars. No one
said the there were more problems due to scholarships. 14 or
32.5% of them said that school absteeism were lessened. And
14 or 35% of them said that the students learn more.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program
changed the life of the respondents in terms of Children’s
Education. Children now attended their classes again and go
back to school, they now often abstent in class because they
are being monitored by DSWD to comply with their cash
grants. In return, children were able to learn more from
school some were even granted scholarships.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the
lives of the beneficiaries in terms of livelihood
Livelihood Frequency Percent
idea for business 18 45
additional income 22 55
no provision of livelihood 2 5
not interested in livelihood 3 7.5
no budget for business but interested 20 50
more frustration 0 0

Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program

changed the life of the respondents in terms of livelihood.
The respondents were able to engage in job fairs and acquire
financial assistance for business. These lead the respondents
to have more additional income and idea about business
however, half of the respondents are interested to start up a
business but do not have a budget for it.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the lives
of the beneficiaries in terms of traits and attitudes
Traits and Attitude Frequency Percent
negative in life 0 0
more confidence in living 18 45
no change 0 0
deals with child/children
well 10 25
positive in life 29 72.5
values life more 18 45
deals with partners well 13 32.5
stronger family relations 19 47.5
Others pls. specify 0 0
 Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of the
respondents in terms of Traits and Attitude. 18 or 45% of them
gained more confidence in living. 10 or 25% of them deals with
child/children well. 29 or 72.5% of them became positive in life.
18 or 45% of them values life more. 13 or 32.5% of them deals
with partners well. No one of them were negative in life and had
no change.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program changed
the life of the respondents in terms of traits and attitude. The
respondents were now an active citizens and slightly empowered
and confident to speak and express themselves because majority
of the respondents are having a positive outlook in life and
stronger family relations.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the lives of
the beneficiaries in terms of political security
Political Security Frequency Percent
know more about human
rights 34 85
better security 15 37.5
more social protection 21 52.5
Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of the
respondents in terms of Political Security. 34 or 85% of them have
more knowledge on human rights. 15 or 37.5% them have better
security. 21 or 52.5% of them have more social protection.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program changed
the life of the respondents in terms of Political security. The
respondents were able to acquire knowledge about economic
rights, human rights and parenting because of several session
and education conducted by partnership with organization.
The 4Ps improvement or provided changes in the lives of
the beneficiaries in terms of employment
Employment Frequency Percent
have means to apply for a job 15 37.5

still hoping for employment 12 30

no provisions on employment 4 10
Others pls. specify 0 0
Table shows how the 4P’s Program changed the life of the
respondents in terms of Political Security. 34 or 85% of them have more
knowledge on human rights. 15 or 37.5% them have better security. 21 or
52.5% of them have more social protection.
Based from the data gathered, the 4Ps program changed the life of
the respondents in terms of Political security. The respondents were able to
acquire knowledge about economic rights, human rights and parenting
because of several session and education conducted by partnership with
organization.
 4P’s Program’s Level of Effectiveness
Areas Verbal Expression Verbal
1-very 2- 4- Very Mean Interpretatio
3- effective
ineffective ineffective effective n
1. Health 0 0 0.025 0.975 3.975 Very effective
2. Skills and knowledge 0 0.125 0.375 0.5 3.4 Very effective
3. Decision making 0 0 0.5 0.5 3.5 Very effective
4. Finance/ Financial
Management 0 0 0.65 0.35 3.35 Very effective
5. Education 0 0 0.05 0.95 3.95 Very effective
6. Livelihood 0 0.125 0.475 0.4 3.275 Very effective
0.17142857 0.4285714
7. Employment 0.342857143 1 3 0.2 1.925 ineffective
8. Traits and attitude 0 0.05 0.525 0.425 3.375 Very effective
9. Implementation of the 4P's 0.05 0 0.2 0.75 3.65 Very effective

10. Comprehensiveness of the

4P's Package 0.05 0.025 0.45 0.475 3.35 Very effective
11. Support of other government
agencies 0.475 0.075 0.375 0.075 2.025 ineffective
Very effective
Weighted Mean 3.252272727
 The table shows the respondent’s rate on the effectiveness of 4P’s
Program on the given areas. 4P’s Program is very effective in terms of health with
the mean of 3.975. 4P’s Program is very effective in terms of skills and knowledge
with the mean of 3.5. 4P’s Program is very effective in terms of decision making
,with the mean of 3.5. 4P’s Program is very effective in terms of finance/ financial
management, with the mean of 3.35. 4P’s Program is very effective in terms of
education, with the mean of 3.95. 4P’s Program is very effective in terms of
livelihood, with the mean of 3.275. 4P’s Program is ineffective in terms of
employment management, with the of mean of 1.925. 4P’s Program is very
effective in terms of livelihood with the mean of 3.375. 4P’s Program is very
effective in terms of the comprehensiveness of the program with the mean of 3.65.
4P’s Program is ineffective in terms of Support of other government agencies with
a mean of 2.025.
It appears from the data presented that out of 11 covered areas of 4P’s,
respondents find 9 areas very effective and well-functioning and helpful. Those
are Health, Skills and knowledge, Decision making, Finance/ Financial
Management, Education, Livelihood Comprehensiveness of the 4P's Package,
Traits and attitude, Implementation of the 4P's. While the other two which is
Employment and Support of other government agencies are deem ineffective by
the respondents.
Other actions undertaken by the implementing
agencies to address poverty and other human
insecurities
As an aid to address poverty and other human
insecurities, government agencies are engaged with
activities. Sustainable Livelihood Program(SLP) is
given to beneficiaries, giving them option to register in
either the micro-enterprise development track or the
employment facilitation track after participating in
social preparation and capacity-building activities. As
well as the medical, financial and educational
assistance, one of this is the 4P’s Program. Social
pensions were also provided especially for the senior
citizens.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the
beneficiaries in terms of number of children
Number of Children Frequency Percent
0 - 3 children 33 82.5
4 - 6 children 7 17.5
Total 40 100
If you have children, Frequency Percent
what are their ages
0 - 10 of Age 21 52.5
11 -20 of Age 49 122.5

21 - 30 of Age 33 82.5

31 - 40 of Age 7 17.5
41 and above 0 0
 The previous table interprets that the respondents are composed
mostly by 1-5 members of household. It is further elaborated in Table 7
where there is the number of children specifically indicated. The two table
only shows that majority of the respondent beneficiaries have a family
member of five and having three (3) children.
The latter table shows the age of children of the respondents. 21
or 19.1 % children are in the ages 0-10 years old. There are also 49 or 44.5
% of the children are in the age of 11-20 years old. In the age range of 21-
30 years old, there total of 33 or 30 % of the respondents. Lastly, there are
7 or 6.4 % respondent in the ages 31-40.
The tables further shoes that in the 40 respondents, they all have a
total of 110 respondents, in which highest number of children is in the ages
11—20 years old. It is followed by a 33 children in the age bracket of 21-
30. With the data provided, it is evident that even though many of the
children are already in the working age, their parents are still in the
poverty line as they were granted with the cash transfer through 4Ps.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to
achieve better standards of living or better quality of life of
the beneficiaries in terms of Family Size
Number of members in the
household/household size Frequency Percent
1 - 5 members 34 85
6 - 10 members 6 15
Total 40 100
Table shows the number of number of members in the household. Those
who have 1-5 members composed of 34 or 85% of the respondents. And those who
have 6-10 members composed of 6 or 15%.
Out of 40 respondents who are beneficiaries of the program 4Ps, majority of
them are composed of 1-5 members. The people should realize that lower fertility
translates into increased family wealth and educational attainment. This is an
indicator that population and development is related to household development for it
is noted that the lower the number of family members, the higher increased in
capacity to support their needs and comply to the demands in the society's high
standard of living.
 How long is your family's beneficiary of 4Ps (in years)
How long is your family s
beneficiary of 4Ps (in Frequency Percentage
years)
0 - 3 years 0 0
4 - 6 years 3 7.5
7 - 10 years 37 92.5
Total 40 100
Table shows the span of membership of their family in 4Ps. Those family
who are beneficiaries of 4Ps for about 7-10 years are 37 or 92.5% of the respondents.
Those family who are beneficiaries of 4Ps for about 4-6 years are 3 or 7.5% of the
respondents.
The table further indicates that out of 40 respondents, there are 37 of them
who have been a beneficiary for 7-10 years. The government intervention for this
long is commendable for their continues service in giving grants to the beneficiaries.
However, continues social help only indicates that their level of development is also
low. They are being dependent to government for years, but they don’t seem to
improve there family development. The beneficiaries are composed mostly by
women and they are mostly married. Yet, out of 40, only 6 of the beneficiaries have a
formal employment.
 Amount Received by the Respondents from the 4 P's
How much does the 4P's program
Frequency Percentage
have been giving you per month?
1000-2000 4 10
2001-3000 17 42.5
3001-4000 14 35
4001 and above 5 12.5
Total 40 100
Large percentage indicates that respondents are receiving 2000-4000 pesos per month. As
provided in this study, the respondent household consist mostly of five members. And the
average amount they received from work as their family income ranges from 5,000 -15,0000,
The annual per capita threshold or the minimum income required to meet the basic food and
nonfood needs was estimated at Php21,753. In reference with the thresholds, a family of five
(5) will need an average of Php6,329 per month to meed the family’s basic needs; and
Php9,064 per month for their minimum basic food and nonfood needs. These represent an
increase of about 15 percent for both the food and poverty thresholds between 2012 and 2015.
The gathered data further proves that the Conditional Cash Transfer of the 4PS program is
being met. The families were able to receive a substantial amount of money necessary to
sustain their needs.
 Grant from 4P’s Program

Frequency Mean Percent

No
longe
No No r
longer longer receiv
Receive receive Receive receive Receive e
Health Grant P500 per
household every month,
or a total of P6000 every
year 26 14 0.65 0.35 65 35
Education Grant P300
per child every month for
ten months or a total of
P3000 every year a
household may register a
maximum of three
children for the program. 40 0 1 0 100 0
 Table shows the grants that the respondents received from
the 4P’s Program. In terms of having Health Grant P500 per
household every month, or a total of P6000 every year, 26 or 65% of
them are still receiving with the mean of 0.65.While 14 or 35% of
them are no longer a receiver, with the mean of 0.35. In terms of
having Education Grant P300 per child every month for ten months
or a total of P3000 every year a household may register a maximum
of three children for the program, 40 or 100% them are still are still
receiving with the mean of 1. While no one of the respondents are no
longer receiving.
It appears from the data presented that more than half of the
respondents received health grants comprises of vitamins, regular
check-ups and worth of P 500.00 per month and all of them received
education grant for their children as it is the pinnacle aim of 4P’s.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries
in terms of Openness to Change (attend meetings and study
information materials)
Factors Affecting the Implementation of the 4Ps to Achieve a
Better Standards of Living or Better Quality of Life

3.3From the changes

3.2 Which of the following factors listed, are/is
affect the implementation of the 4P's these/enough for you
to achieve better standards of living to let go in the 4P's 3.3.1 If yes, do you want to saty in the 4P's
or better quality of life program? program? Why or why not?
1. Sumunod sa 4P's commandments NO Magka-college na
Tatlo ang anak ko at gusto ko na makapagtapos
2. Late magbigay ng grant NO sila lahat
Kapag benificiaries ng 4P's walang bayad sa
3. Tanggaling ang 4P's NO oospital
4. Nagiging tamad ang
nakakatanggap NO Di laging may malaking pera
5. Some beneficiaries isinasangla ang Nakagraduate na po yung tatlo kong anak sa St.
atm Yes Benilde
6. Ngasususgal ang ibang
beneficiaries Yes Regular PagCor employee na po yung isa
7. Some not used properly Yes Yung grade 10 nasa school of the deaf
8. Education No Malaking kawalan
9. N/A Yes Hindi na ko nakadepende sa 4P's
10. Nakakadagdag sa budget No Bata pa kasi yuung anak ko

11. livelihood No Malaki ang suporta na nakukuha sa 4P's

12. positive life No Madaming gastusin
13. education No Sakitin ang asawa at may diabetes
14. okay ang buhay no Nagtataasan ang mga bilihin

15. Issue on demolishing 4P's program No Kulang pa ang natatangap

Malaking tulong sa mga anak at pag-
16. N/a No aaral nila
17. Hindi sumusunod sa May apo na nasa ibang bahay pero
commandments No sinusuportahan
18. Walang tyaga at interes ang mga
members No N/a
19. DSWD provides lesser attention to
us No N/a
Pagtapusin muna ng kolehiyo ang aking
20. In time release of monthly grant No anak
 Based on the data gathered from the survey,
majority of the respondents are not yet willing and ready
to let go or graduate from 4Ps because of similar reasons:
1. Lack of income, 2. Children are approaching college
soon and will be needing as much as fund that they can
have to finance their children’s education, 3. Increase
expenses as time pass by due to TRAIN Law and
inflation and the likes. Although some people believed
that the cash grants they received in 4P’s is not yet
enough it is still considered as big help that is why letting
go of 4P’s is like letting go of their remedy to a better life.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries
in terms of Willingness to Succeed (comply to conditionalities)
Compliance to 4P’s Program Conditions
Verbal Expression
Verbal
3-moderate 2-easy to Mean
4-less difficult Interpretation
Conditions compliance 5-most difficult difficulty comply 1-very easy

1. Pregnant women must avail

pre- and post-natal care, and
be attended during child birth
by a trained professional 0.103448 0 0.068966 0.241379 0.586207 1.3 very easy
2. Parents or guardians must
attend the family development
sessions which include topics
on responsible parenting,
health and nutrition 0 0 0.075 0.175 0.75 1.325 very easy
3. Children aged 0-5 must
receive health check up's and
vaccines 0 0 0 0.057143 0.942857 1.05714 very easy
4. Children aged 6-13 must
receive deworming pills twice a
year 0 0.075 0.125 0.125 0.771429 1.6 very easy

6. Children beneficiaries ages

3-18 must enroll in school and
maintain an attendance of
85% of class days per month 0.075 0 0.075 0.15 0.7 1.6 very easy

Weighted Mean 1.376428 very easy

 The table shows the compliance of conditions of 4P’s Program according
to the respondents. In terms of the rule, that the pregnant women must avail pre-
and post-natal care, and be attended during child birth by a trained professional,
the compliance was very easy with mean of 1.3. In terms of the rule, that parents
or guardians must attend the family developments sessions which include topics
on responsible parenting, health and nutrition the compliance was very easy with
the mean of 1.325. In term of the rule, that children aged 0-5 must receive health
check ups and vaccines, the compliance is very easy with the mean of 1.05714. In
term of the rule, that children aged 6-13 must receive deworming pills twice a
year, the compliance is very easy with the mean 1.6. n term of the rule, that
children beneficiaries ages 3-18 must enroll in school and maintain an attendance
of 85% of class days per month, the compliance is very easy with the mean 1.6.
Overall the compliance with the conditionalities to the 4P’s Program are very easy
with the mean of 1.376428.
It appears from the data presented that respondents find it easy to comply
with the conditions stated in order for them to comply and received cash grants.
Also, abiding the conditions is also for their own benefits to further secure their
healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups and also for them to learn responsible
parenting and a lot more necessary things to learn as responsible citizens.
The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the
beneficiaries in terms of Socio-economic Category (C, D, or E)
Family Sources/ Income of the Respondents
Family Source/s of Income Frequency Percentage
Informal employment (contractual) 15 37.5
Part - time/extra work ( occasional, e.g. laba, etc.) 11 27.5
Formal employment ( regular employee/formal
6 15
employment)
Others please specify 1 2.5
Total 33 82.5
Out of 40 respondents, only 33 responded on to what their source of
family income. The remaining 7 respondents didn't indicate their source of
income simply because they don't have a work at all. It can be deduced from
the findings that majority of the respondents were getting their income from
employment. This probably due to the fact that families are not heavily
relying on the assistance as their source of income. To improve their
financial independence, families are still finding ways on how they would
finance their needs and one of which is employment.
 Respondens’ Monthly Income
What is your average income per month? Frequency Percent
1,000 - 5,000 3 7.5
5,001 - 10,000 17 42.5
10,001 - 15,000 10 25
15,001 - 20,000 5 12.5
20,001 - 25,000 0 0
25, 001 - above 5 12.5
Total 40 100
Table shows the monthly income of the respondents. 3 or 7.5% of the
respondents have 1,000 to 5,000 pesos of income. 17 or 42.5% of the respondents
have 5,001 to 10,000 pesos of income. 10 or 25% of the respondents have 10,001-
15,000 pesos of income. And another 10 or 25% of the respondents have 25,001
pesos and above of income.
With the gathered data, the evident sum is that majority of the respondents
are minimum wage earners. This can be considered as a vulnerable stance in their
condition. With this comes a greater need to implement the 4Ps effectively.
It is also provided in the table that out of 40 respondents, 5 of them are
having a monthly income of 25,000 pesos and above. This is a valid indicator that
not all beneficiaries are qualified for the program. Its not a bad thing to generate
more income, however, the program should be given to those who truly deserved it.
 Debt Status
Have you ever borrowed
money? Frequency Percent
yes 35 87.5
no 5 12.5
Total 40 100

Table shows the number of the respondents who had

borrowed money and who are not. 35 or 87.5% answered Yes
which indicates that they borrowed money. While 5 or 12.5%
answered No, which indicates that they didn’t borrow money.
Based on the figures, some of the respondents do not
borrow money to any creditor because of high interest. While
more than half of the respondents borrowed money to
creditors (such as 5’6) and some have loans to PAG-IBIG and
SLP when in need.
 Financial Status in Terms of Debt
As of this moment, do you have
debts? Frequency Percent
yes 19 47.5
none 21 52.5
Total 40 100

Respondent’s Debt Amount

If yes, how
much? Frequency Percent
1,000-5000 7 17.5
5001-10000 7 17.5
10001-15000 0 0
15001-16,000 0 0
16,000-20,000 0 0
20,001 and above 5 12.5
 The first table shows respondents were parted to two
portions: 1. The one that has debt as of the moment and 2. Those
who do not have. It is evident that the division between the two is
very close. It appears that more than half do not have a debt while
almost half of the respondent has.
The second previous table shows the amount of debt that the
respondents have. Those who have 1,000-5,000 are 7 or 17.5 of the
respondents. Those who have 5,001 to 10,000 amount are 7 or 17.5
of the respondents. And on the other side are debt ranging 20,001
and above are 5 or 12.5% of the respondents.
`Based on the data, the debt of those respondents who has
debt as of this moment, range from P1,000 but not more than P
10,000.00 also, according to some of the respondents, they are
paying it daily by rendering P100 to P200.00 per day.
The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the
beneficiaries in terms of Educational Background of Parents
Highes Educational Level Frequency Percent
( 1 ) - High School Graduate 21 52.5
( 2 ) - College Level 1 2.5
( 3 ) - College Graduate 7 17.5
( 4 ) - Masteral Level 0 0
( 5 ) - Master's Degree Holder 0 0
( 6 ) - Doctoral Level 0 0
( 7 ) - Doctor Degree Holder 0 0
( 8 ) - Post-graduate Level 0 0
( 9 ) - Vocational 11 27.5
Total 40 100
 Table shows the educational attainment of the respondents.
Majority are High School Graduate which composed of 21 or 52.5% of the
respondents. Those who attained Vocational Courses composed of 11 or
27.5% of the respondents. College Graduate composed of 7 or 17.5% of
the respondents. Those has College Level composed of 1 or 2.5% of the
respondents. While there were no Masteral Degree, Master’s Degree
Holder, Doctoral Level, Doctor Degree Holder and Post-graduate Level.
In Manila, for example, where figures for school completion rates
are higher than anywhere else, there are far fewer people living below the
poverty line, showing a direct correlation between education and living
conditions.
Education builds up human capital gradually. Therefore, sustained
investment in education is required to realize significant results. It is
important then to ensure proper targeting so that those who will be assisted
for five years really deserve to be given support. .
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries
in terms of Presence of Education Opportunities
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of
Number of Day care Centers in the Barangay
Number of day-care centers in the barangay Frequency Percent
0 day care center
2 5
1 - 5 day care centers
38 95
6 - 10 day care centers 0 0
Total 40 100

The table shows the number of day care centers in the barangay of
the respondents. Majority have 1-5 day care centers which composed of 38
or 95% of the respondents. 2 or 5% of the respondents do not have day care
centers. And no one has 6 and above day care centers.
Allocation of Education Grant P300 per Child Education Grant
.
Education Grant P300 per child every month for ten months or a total of P3000
every year a household may register a maximum of three children for the program
Cost Frequency Percentage
School Fees 26 0.65
Allowance 3 0.075
Miscellaneous 11 0.275
School Supplies 6 0.15

It appears from the data presented that the P 300.00 per

children educational grant received by the respondents per month
is trim down to mostly to school fees such as projects, photocopy,
etc. and miscellaneous comprises of film showing and fieldtrips;
and few for their allowances and school supplies.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries
in terms of Presence of Livelihood and Employment Opportunities

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Family Sources/ Income of the Respondents

Family Source/s of Income Frequency Percent

Informal employment
15 37.5
(contractual)
Part - time/extra work
11 27.5
(occasional, e.g. laba, etc.)
Formal employment (regular
6 15
employee/formal employment)
Others please specify 1 2.5
Total 33 82.5
 Table shows the frequency and percentage of family sources
or income of the respondents. Out of 33 respondents, 15 or 37.5 %
of them have an informal employment such as being contractual.
There are also 11 or 27.5 % of the respondents who do part time or
extra work. Moreover, 6 or 15% of the respondents have a formal
employment. Lastly, there is only `1 respondent or equivalent to 2.5
% of the respondents who has an other work aside from the
categorized sources of family income.
Out of 40 respondents, only 33 responded on to what their
source of family income. The remaining 7 respondents didnt
indicate their source of income simply because they dont have a
work at all. It can be deduced from the findings that majority of the
respondents were getting their income from employment. This
probably due to the fact that families are not heavily relying on the
assistance as their source of income. To improve their financial
independence, families are still finding ways on how they would
finance their needs and one of which is employment.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries
in terms of Presence of Health Insurance and Health Cards
Number of Health Centers in the Barangay
Number of health centers in the
Frequency Percentage
Barangay
0 - 5 health centers 38 95
6 - 10 health centers 2 5
Total 40 100
Table shows the numbers of health centers in the barangay of the respondents.
Those who have 0-5 health centers are 38 or 95% of the respondents. Those who have 6-
10 health centers are 2 or 5% of the respondents.
In line with the goal of the program to alleviate the poor in poverty, the
government invest in health of the beneficiaries by giving a grant of 500 per month for a
total of P3,000 per year, per household, depending on household composition. The grant
is conditional to pregnant women availing themselves of antenatal care and regular health
checks for women and children aged 0-5, deworming of school aged children 6-14 years
old, school enrolment of children and attendance in family development sessions.
 Avocational of Health Grant P500 per
Household Every Month
Health Grant P500 per household every month, or a total of P6000
every year
Cost Frequency Percentage
Medicines 24 0.6
Laboratory 6 0.15
Check-up 2 0.05

Table shows the Health Grant P500 per household every month, or a total of
P6000 every year. 24 or 60% of the respondents said that it includes allocation for
Medicines. 6 or 15% of the respondents said that it includes allocation for
Laboratory. And 2 or 5% of the respondents said that it includes allocation for
Check-up.
It appears from the data presented that the P 500.00 received by the
respondents per month is trim down to mostly to medicines, while some to their
laboratory fees and a few for their check-ups.
 Insurance Plan of the Family

Does your family have

insurance plan? Frequency Percent
Yes 23 57.5
NO 17 42.5
Total 40 100

The table shows the respondents availment of insurance

plan. 23 or 57.5% of the respondents have insurance plan. While
17 or 42.5 of the respondents do not have insurance plan.
Based on the data, some of the respondents doesn’t/
can’t avail insurance plan because of lack of money to avail or
because of being unemployed. While more than half of the
respondents were able to avail insurance benefits by being a
certified member of and because of their contributions to
PhilHealth and SSS.
 The factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries
in terms of Expenditure Pattern Of Urban Household
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Daily Spending
How much are you spending on a daily basis? Frequency Percent
100-200 14 35
201-300 4 10
301-400 10 25
401-500 6 15
500 and above 6 15
Total 40 100

Table reveals that most of the respondents spent an amount of

100-200 with 35% of them followed by 301-400 pesos a day with 25% of
them. However, they have also mentioned that increased in spending
was due to the increased in prices of commodities affected by TRAIN
Law. If this will continue to happen, it could be analyzed that the effect of
TRAIN Law can even hamper the achievement of the goals of 4Ps for the
beneficiaries to have more and better changes in their lives.
 Savings per Month
How much do you save per
month? Frequency Percent
No savings 9 22.5
500-1000 12 30
1001-2000 9 22.5
2001-3000 10 25
3001-4000 0 0
Total 40 100
Table shows the amount of money that the respondents are saving
on a monthly basis. 9 or 22.5% of the respondents do not save money.
While 12 0r 30% of them are saving an amount of 500 to 1,000 pesos. 9
or 33.5% are saving 1,001 to 2,000 pesos. 10 or 25% of them are saving
2,001 to 3,000 pesos.
Based on the figures, some of the respondents do not have
savings at all. While more than half of the respondents can only save
money ranging from P500.00 but not more than P3,000.00. Factors than
had been mentions by the respondents that affect their savings are not
enough income to save and inflation due to TRAIN Law
 Main Daily Expenses
What are the things you mainly
buy daily? Frequency Percent
Food: Rice & Dish 29 72.5
School needs 7 17.5
Water 1 2.5
Others e.x Groceries 3 7.5
Total 40 100

Table shows the things that the respondents are receiving on a

daily basis. 29 or 72.5% of the respondents said that mainly buy rice and
dish. Second is school needs in reference to the 7 or 2.5% of the
respondents. Lastly groceries which has 3 or 7.5% response.
However, they have also mentioned that increased in spending
was due to the increased in prices of commodities affected by TRAIN
Law. If this will continue to happen, it could be analyzed that the effect
of TRAIN Law can even hamper the achievement of the goals of 4Ps for
the beneficiaries to have more and better changes in their lives.
 Proposed and adopted policy recommendations as basis for developing a
harmonized anti-poverty framework in the context of the 4Ps
1. In terms of partnership and collaboration, there is a need of CSO mapping for managing and
taking care of partners for consideration, clear guidelines with the partner, have open
employment for a sustainable life and problems that underlie with the beneficiaries selling
their ATM.
2. In terms of social arrangement, LGU of Manila is not supportive of the 4Ps, low education
background decreases the level of acquiring cash grants from 4Ps, economic age limit must be
removed, and have clear directory with CSOs for services and program.
3. Services Needed to Improve the quality of Life and Standard of Living:
3. 1 Extend the offer of education grant until college.
3.2 Inclusion of scholarship to the program,
3.3 Stable employment,
3.4 housing program and
3.5 increase financial assistance
3.6 address the strict policy and regulation for the members,
3.7 raise awareness of the member,
3.8 more support from the government agencies and
3.9 add more benefits for the beneficiaries.
1. What are the poverty-related mandates of the twelve identified government agencies
and do their mandates relate to one another in supporting the implementation of 4Ps
program?
[

Summary of Findings

1. The task of the 12 government agencies such as CDA, HUDCC, NAPC, NCIP, NCMF,
NFA, NYC, PCA, PCW, PCA, PCUP, and TESDA in order to directly develop anti-poverty
programs and consultations seemed to be a big challenge between and among them
especially as to their direct involvement in poverty alleviation and in terms of coordination
with the 4Ps lead agency such as DSWD. In response to this anti-poverty program, the
DSWD, DOH, DepEd and DILG had been the key departments working on the issue.
However, there were problems with the integration of effortss based on their focus
mandates to addressing poverty through the recognized and well-known 4Ps. However, due
to their differeing mandates, focus on poverty alleviation and strong collaboration with
DSWD were not continuously visible. As such that CDA is not an inter-agency
collaborating with DSWD. DSWD is not directly coordinating with HUDCC with actions
against illegal squatting syndicates and building a safe are both for the development of
urban housing because HUDCC is not a direct social welfare provider to alleviate poverty.
NAPC is not one with DOH, DepEd and DILG in pursuance of holistic packages of
programs from health, education, shelter, nutrition, and community infrastructure that are
directed to anti-poverty goals and purposes.
Conclusion

1. There are two groups aiming to solve poverty issues. One is the first
two is the twelve agencies and second, are the four 4 departments.
It has been concluded that there is no direct connection and
coordination between the two groups. As such that there were no
integration of the mandates and effort in spite of having the same
intention to alleviate poverty. There a very limited collaboration with
agencies and even with the private sector.

Recommendations

1. As a recommendation, before any improvement, first there is a need

to unify the provision of parties with one goal which is poverty
alleviation. Furthermore, the unification of the parties such as the
government agencies under E.O. 1, the 4 departments and the LGU of
Manila will produce better results through helping each other.
2. How do their mandates affect the implementation of the 4Ps program?

Summary of Findings

2. In terms of mandates of the 12 agencies from the implementation, it

was drawn that some of the agencies are not functioning according to
their mandates or they did not fulfill their mandates in terms of
providing and helping the state to poverty-alleviation plan in Metro
Manila because of the following reasons: 1. The projects and programs
are not yet implemented just like the housing program of HUDCC. 2.
The projects and programs are not inclined to the geographic profile of
Metro Manila just like the programs of PhilCoA that is only applicable to
rural areas. 3. The projects and programs in accordance to their
mandate cannot be applied to everyone especially with PCW to the
women. And NCMF that recognized and provides service to the Muslim
Filipinos. On the brighter side, there are few agencies who still act
according to their mandates such as NFA and TESDA. There is limitation
on the part of the programs and projects provided by agencies
concerned especially and mostly those reconstituted into the E.O. No. 1.
Conclusion

2. . It can be concluded from the gathered data that because

Cooperative Development Authority, Housing and Urban
Development Coordinating Council, National Anti-Poverty
Commission, National Commission on Indigenous People, National
Commission on Muslim Filipinos, National Youth Commission,
Office of the President- Presidential Action Center, Philippine
Commission on Women, Philippine Coconut Authority, Presidential
Commission on the Urban Poor are not actively engaging and
implementing their mandates in Metro Manila; the respondents are
not aware or familiar about their organizations even their projects
and programs. On the brighter side there are few active agencies that
the respondents are familiar with both the agencies and its poverty
alleviating projects such as Technical Education Skills Development
Authority and National Food Authority.
Recommendations

2. There should be a clear collaboration and linkage with each

agency in the E.O. No. 1 by DSWD, DOH, DepEd, and DILG
through its city social welfare offfce. By doing this, a better
understanding of agency’s commitment to solve poverty will be
re-emphasized not only on them but for the rest of the leading
agencies. Strict implementation and strong collaboration
towards a common goal of alleviating poverty must be written
and mechanized to sustain the efforts along with policy
directives as multi-agencies’ collaboration and partnership. The
mandates of 12 agencies should be flexible and crafted in
accordance to the geographic profile depending on the area and
the needs of the community.
3. How did the 4Ps improve or provided changes in the lives of the
beneficiaries in terms of health, skills and knowledge, decision
making, finance, education, livelihood, and traits and attitudes, and
political security?

Summary of Findings

3. Most of the beneficiaries received health services, education

services, information or social media information, security, peace
and and order services, human rights services. In terms of
welfare services, few respondents indicated that they are not
receiving it while more than half of the respondents received
skills development services, probably from TESDA. The least
number of services provided is the employment services. It is
followed by business development services. Social welfare
services seemed not familiar to the beneficiaries. Employment
services was seen to be limited only to food for work, street
sweeping by MMDA, and the like.
With all these services, there were key services that respondents or
4Ps beneficiaries needed also and it showed that employment
services are needed by most of the families. From these services,
there were also changes that were culled out from the data, these
changes such as Positive changes were seen on the changes in terms
of health. There has been a better preparation for food, people are
eating a balanced diet, they’re becoming active at work, move easily
around and stringer immune system and on the other side just small
percentage become overweight. In terms of skill and knowledge, the
respondents are good in terms of business, livelihood, knowledge
but there were problems in term of handling financial matters. When
it come to the changes in decision-making, better relationship was
seen on couples, more communication and better shared decision. In
terms on finance significant changes were seen on respondents
having more efficient savings and their worries were lessened.
In term of education significant changes were seen primarily on
children attending class again less school absentee as such that
there were no problems in terms scholarship. In terms of traits and
attitudes majority of them have positive mindset. In terms of
employment majority have mean to apply for job others are still
hoping for employment. And on the changes in political security,
there were more knowledge about human right, more social
protection and a better security. On the other side beneficiaries
can’t let go of their membership on the 4Ps program was not
enough to convince 4Ps beneficiaries to leave the Philippines.
However, in spite of these changes, most of the beneficiaries did
not want to graduate from or leave 4Ps because it remained a big
financial help on them. Making them dependent and hopeful of
extending the program up to graduation of their children in
college. These changes afore-mentioned brought about by 4Ps
seemed to be not enough changes for them to leave 4Ps and give
more opportunities to those who are really poor.
Conclusion

3. It can be concluded from the data that out of 11 covered areas of 4Ps
(health, skills and knowledge, decision making, finance/financial
management, education, livelihood, employment, traits and attitude,
implementation of the 4Ps, comprehensiveness of the 4Ps package, support
of other government agencies. Respondents find 9 areas very effective,
well-functioning and helpful such as on health, skills and knowledge,
decision making, finance/ financial management, education, livelihood,
comprehensiveness of the 4Ps package, traits and attitude, implementation
of the 4Ps. As it changes and alleviate the quality of their life in those
aspects. While the other two which are employment, and support of other
government agencies are deem ineffective according to the respondents
because these remained elusive for them to have a stable job/employment
and assistance from other government agencies that are relevant to help
them move away from the cycle of poverty. On the changes that brought to
them by 4Ps, it seemed that these remained not enough to let them go out
and leave the program despite their level of social well-being.
Recommendations

3. It is highly recommended to maintain services provided on 9

areas that are deemed very effective, well-functioning and
helpful. Those are Health, Skills and Knowledge, Decision-
making, finance/ financial management, education, livelihood
comprehensiveness of the 4Ps package, Traits and attitude.
Hence they should alleviate and craft their strategy in terms of
employment and support of other government agencies and
business services. Thus, the impact of these changes that were
brought about by 4Ps must be deeply rooted from the root
causes of their poverty so as not to address the problem
superficially and without continuity.
4, What other actions undertaken by the implementing agencies to
address poverty and other human insecurities?

Summary of Findings

4. Based from the result of survey and interview from the respondents and
from interviewees, government agencies engaged with activities to provide
an aid to address poverty and other human insecurities. Such as
Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) that is given to beneficiaries,
giving them option to register in either the micro-enterprise development
track or the employment facilitation track after participating in social
preparation and capacity-building activities. As well as the medical,
financial and educational assistance, one of this is the 4Ps Program. Social
pensions were also provided especially for the senior citizens. These are
separate programs and it seemed to be by application and not an automatic
membership if the family is a 4Ps benefiaciary. The intensified integration
of SLP into the 4Ps and then making them together would mean more to
the households.
Conclusion

4. It can be concluded from the result of data that there are actions
undertaken by government agencies to address problems of poverty and
other human insecurities by engaging with activities that provide an aid to
marginalized sector such as SLP, medical assistance, financial and
educational assistance. There seemed to be not enough and not all can avail
on a continuous basis.

Recommendations

4.Based from the data it can be recommended that there should be a strict
regulation that those who are truly in need can only receive and benefits
from the actions undertaken by government agencies to fully address
problems of poverty and other human insecurities.
5. What are the factors that affect the implementation of the 4Ps to
achieve better standards of living or better quality of life of the
beneficiaries?

Summary of Findings

5. The following are 10 factors that affects the implementation of the 4Ps
to achieve better standards of living or better quality of life of the
beneficiaries: 1. Number of Children- he negative impact of large family
size on household savings pointed out in the study has an impact both
macro-economically and on households. Larger family size reduces
household savings, lowering the already low national savings. 2. Family
Size- the family size has a role on such areas such as poverty incidence,
vulnerability to poverty, as well as the underlying mechanisms of savings,
labor supply and earnings of parents and human capital investment.
Openness to Change- revealed that majority of the 4Ps beneficiaries are
willing to change and willing to learn more for their benefit.
4.Willingness to Succeed- abiding the conditions is also for their own benefits to
further secure and alleviate their lifestyle, 5. Socio-economic Category - Family
income is important because it sets an economic indicator of the family's standard of
living. Income of the family define the family member's development mostly on
child's development as well as the ability of them to sustain their daily needs. 6.
Educational Background of Parents- Education builds up human capital gradually.
Therefore, sustained investment in education is required to realize significant results.
7. Presence of Education Opportunities- education correlates with living standards:
practically 19 out of 20 poor persons in 2009 belong to households where the heads
have little or no schooling. Lack of education of the household head limits earning
potentials of the household., 8. Presence of Livelihood and Employment
Opportunities - One of the problems concerning a developing country is the
availability of jobs. 9. Presence of Health Insurance and Health Cards- health centers
are deemed important to have a life of value, 10. Expenditure pattern of urban
household- due to an increased in prices of commodities affected by TRAIN Law.
There are also others factors affecting the implementation of 4Ps on the part of the
beneficiaries. These are the attitude of 4Ps beneficiaries of being lazy to attend family
development sessions (FDS), being so dependent on the cash grant, some problems in
terms of fairness in choosing the real poor households, and other problems like
gambling, and loaning their cash cards. For DSWD staff, some problems that affect
the implementation of the program is that there is a limitation in the conduct of
monitoring due to limited transportation allowances.
Conclusion

5. It can be concluded that massive number of children and huge

family size could have negative effect to achieve better standards
of living or better quality of life of the beneficiaries. Also
beneficiaries’ willingness and openness to change affect the
standard of living of the beneficiaries due to internal and external
phenomena that they are experiencing. Also, it is important to
note that their cooperation and willingness to succeed to
improve their life is necessary. The level and the source of income
sets an economic indicator of the family's standard of living.
Furthermore, education and access to health care are also
deemed important as it builds up human capital it correlates with
standards of living of the people. Lastly, Lack of availability of
jobs also affect the lives and the quality of the beneficiaries’ life.
Recommendations

5. It is recommended to preemptively
combat those negative factors affecting
the implementation of the 4Ps to achieve
better standards of living or better quality
of life of the beneficiaries.
6. What policy recommendations may be proposed and adopted as
basis for developing a harmonized anti-poverty framework in the
context of the 4Ps?

Summary of Findings

6. In terms of partnership and collaboration, it was found that there are no

clear guidelines as such that there is in need to have a CSO mapping. In
terms of Resource mobilization, problems were seen on delayed release of
card and cash grant, and scarcity of fund from the government. While in
terms of social arrangement, LGU of NCR do not seem to be supported
and coordinated with the implementation of 4P’s Program. And on policy
and Program Improvement, needs of improvement were seen unclear
modification of the characteristics of the target beneficiaries, supervision,
system of giving cash and policy itself is not comprehensive. Furthermore,
request to extend there were requests to extend the educational grant up to
college degree. Improve business development services, skills
development service and government support of the agencies. As well as
increase the grant of 4P’s due to inflation.
Conclusion

6. It has been concluded that there were suggestions to

improve partnership and collaboration with other
government agencies and private sector, resource
mobilization for more funding support and economic
opportunities for the beneficiaries, social arrangement to
facilitate provision of more support to beneficiaries, and
policy and program improvement in general. There is a
need to further improve 4Ps particularly on the process of
acquiring 4Ps, policy strict implementation, services that it
offers, knowledge that the beneficiaries have, and improve
the coordination and partnership needed for the program.
Recommendations

6. In terms of proposed policy

recommendations there is a need first to
assure the coordination of the
implementing agencies and departments.
Assess the provisions of the 4P’s Program
and form solution from it.
Identified Areas of 4Ps Proposed Policy Recommendations and Key Elements for Developing a Harmonized Anti-poverty Framework

Partnership and Collaboration  CSO Mapping

 Take care of the partners for consideration

 Clear guidelines with the partner

 Have open employment for a sustainable life

 Problems that underlie with the beneficiaries selling their ATM.

 Clearly Direct with CSO’s for services and programs

Resource Mobilization  Delayed release of cash grant to the beneficiaries.

 Lots of process before getting the fund.

 There is scarcity on the grants.

 Don’t have enough budget

Social Arrangement  LGU of Manila is not supportive of the 4P’s.

 Low education background decreases the level of acquiring cash grants from 4P’s.

 Economic age limit must be removed.

 Have clear directory with CSOs for services and program.

Policy and Program Improvement  Unclear modification of the target characteristics.

 The system of giving cash grant is problematic.

 Strict supervision of the beneficiaries

 Policy itself is unclear and not comprehensive.

 The beneficiaries don’t have clear knowledge on their goals of acquiring 4P’s.
Services Needed To Strengthenor Expand the Program Coverage

1. College education for 4Ps

2. Stable employment
3. Security Service
4. Trainings and seminars about starting a business
5. Business development services
6. Skills development Services
7. Housing program
8. Strict policy and regulation for members
9. Raise awareness of members
10. More support from other gov't agencies
11. More benefits for 4P's beneficiaries
12.Scholarship
13. Increase financial assistance
14. Continuous projects for 4P's
15. Universal Health Care
7. For the future research, it is encouraged to
look beyond the management of each parties
specifically the 12 agencies under E.O No1
and the four departments and on the
importance of LGU on the implementation
programs like 4P’s in order to aid poverty.