HRE 122:

Citing Sources

Group 3
Bongot, Maryruth
Dalangin, Lisha Elamae
Marcos, Maryann
Salamat, Leila Patrisha
Velasco, Aya Yvonne
Patatas …………………………………………
Citing Sources
It is Important not only to get information
from credible sources but also to properly document
all borrowed ideas, information, concepts,
arguments or information and attribute them to
their authors or creators. This procedure is done by
citing sources.
Purpose for Citing
Sources • To give credit to the
original author of work
Plagiarism is a
serious offense in which
someone takes and uses the
ideas, information, concepts,
arguments or information of
someone else, intentionally
(blatant) or unintentionally,
without proper citations.
• To promote scholarly writing
Scholarly writing means that you are able to
exhaustively use related and existing ideas,
information, concepts or arguments of an expert
and to properly attribute these to the original
source.
• To help your target
audience identify your
original source

With your proper

citations, your target audience
can easily identify the location
of the original source used in
your paper.
 Forms of Citation
1.) In-text citation
It requires the writer to cite
the details of the reference used in
a certain part of his or her essay.
The format of in-text citations vary
per style.
Example (APA style)
Two of the three reviewed studies focusing
on communication in non-Internet and
Internet relationships mediated by FtF,
phone, or email modalities found that the
frequency of each modality’s use was
significantly linked to the strength of the
particular relationship (Cummings et al.,
2002).
2.) Reference Citation
It refers to the complete bibliographic entries
of all references used by the writer. This appears in
the reference list found at the last part of the
paper.
 Example (APA style)
Structure: Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State:
Publisher.
EXAMPLES

James, H. (1937). The ambassadors. New York, NY:

Scribner.

Rowling, J.K. (2001). Harry Potter and the socerer's

stone. London: Bloomsburg Children's.
These two forms of citations
are dependent on each other.
Once a source is cited in-text,
it should also appear in the
reference list or else it may
be considered as a form of
plagiarist.
 Style Guides
1. The Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (APA).
2. The Modern Language Association Style Guide
(MLA)
3. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE)
4. American Medical Association Manual of Style
(AMA)
5. The Chicago Manuel Style
GForce
Style Guide Discipline

Psychology, education, hotel and restaurant management,

APA business, economics, and other social sciences

Literature, arts and humanities

MLA

Engineering
IEEE

Medicine, health sciences, and other natural sciences

AMA

Reference books, non-academic periodicals (e.g., newspapers,

Chicago magazines, journals, among others)
Guidelines in
In-text
Citation
 APA, 6th Edition (pp 169-179)
Basic Citation Rules
 Follow the author-(latest) year of publication method.
According to Sipacio (2014), APA style is required
for business student majors. (NARRATIVE
METHOD)

APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio,

2014). (AUTHOR AND DATE METHOD).

 For a work with only one author: (Author, Date) or Author (Date)
 For a work with two authors: Author 1 and Author 2 (Date) or
(Author 1 & Author 2, Date)
For a work with three to five authors:
*First Citation: Author 1, Author 2, and
Author 3 (Date)
*Subsequent Citation: (Author 1 et al., Date)

Direct Quotations: include the page number(s)

enclosed in parentheses
*(p. 56) or (Author, Date, Page)
 Basic Rules From the MLA Handbook, 7TH edition
(Chapter 6) and MLA Style Manual, 3RD edition
(Chapter 7)
• This style follows the author-page method. Note that
the author's name may appear in the sentence, but
the page number should always be in the
parenthetical citation and not in the sentence
• Absence of comma in the in-text citation
• For single authors in a print source, write the
surname of the author.
• For three or fewer authors, list all the last names of
the authors in the text or inside the parenthetical
citation. Notice the use of "and" in the parenthetical
citations below.
• For a print source with more than three authors, you
can either use the first author's name followed by et
al. or you can list all the authors.
• If the print source does not list an author, use the
shortened title of the work enclosed in quotation
marks in place of author's name
 Basic Rules From the MLA Handbook, 7TH edition
(Chapter 6) and MLA Style Manual, 3RD edition
(Chapter 7)
For Direct Quotations:
• Use double marks to enclose direct quotes not
exceeding four lines. In the parenthetical citation,
give the author’s last name and the page number

• All punctuations which are part of the quoted text

must be placed inside the quotation marks.

• If your source quotes another text, use “qtd. in” in

the parenthetical remarks.

• For direct quotations that exceed four lines of text,

start a new line.
IEEE Editorial Style Manual, 2014
(p 34)
• No need to name the author, page
number, or date of publication in the
in-text citation.

• The references are numbered

according to the order in which they
were cited in the text.

• Reference numbers should be

enclosed in brackets.
AMA Manual of Style 10th
edition, (Section 1, Part 3)
 Similar to IEEE editorial style, there is no need to add
the author, date, or year of publication in the in-text
citation.

 Each reference is assigned a number according to the

order in which it was cited in the text.

 The number references is placed in superscript after

the period in the sentence.
 - (reference)1

 When two articles of different authors are cited, use a

comma to separate the reference numbers
 - (reference) 1,2
Guidelines in
reference
citation
Barrot, J.S. (2013). A macro perspective on key
issues in English as second language (ESL)
pedagogy in the postmethod era:
Confronting challenges through
sociocognitive- transformative approach.
Asia-Pacific Education Researcher. DOI:
10.1007/s40299-013-0119-4.
 APA 6th Edition
• Place the reference list on a new page.
• Label this page "References".
• Double-spaced
• Sequence in writing names of the author: Last name,
First name initial. Middle initial.
• Arrange in alphabetical order
• Do not cut or add on sites
• Capitalize the first letter of first word of a title
• Italicize the titles
• Remove hyperlink
• Put "n.d." for sources with no date
 Sources Examples
Articles from an online journal Barrot, J.S. (2013). A macro perspective
on key issues in English as second
• If the article has been assigned with language (ESL) pedagogy in the
a digital object identifier (doi) then postmethod era: Confronting challenges
you should indicate it. Otherwise, use through sociocognitive- transformative
the URL of the article preceded by a approach. The Asia-Pacific Education
signal phrase “Retrieved from”.
Researcher. DOI: 10.1007/s40299-013-
Include volume number, issue number
0119-4.
enclosed in parentheses (if
available), and page number/s.
Guthrie, K., & McCraken, H. (2010).
Reflective pedagogy: Making meaning in
experiential based online courses. Journal
of Educators Online, 7 (2), 1-21.
Retrieved from
http://www.thejeo.com/archives.pdf.
Barrot, J.S. (2013). A macro perspective on key
issues in English as second language (ESL)
pedagogy in the postmethod era:
Confronting challenges through
sociocognitive- transformative approach.
The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher.
DOI: 10.1007/s40299-013-0119-4.
Guthrie, K., & McCraken, H. (2010). Reflective
pedagogy: Making meaning in experiential
based online courses. Journal of Educators
Online, 7 (2), 1-21. Retrieved from
http://www.thejeo.com/archives.pdf.
 Books
Single author Friedman, T. L. (2009). Hot, flat and
crowded: Why we need a green
revolution-and how it can renew
America. NY: Picador.

Two authors Dryzek, J.S., & Dunleavy, P. (2009).

Theories of the democratic state. NH:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Multiple author (with seven authors)
Plata, S. M., et al. (2006). Research,
• Format of book with two or multiple
process and product workbook. Laguna:
authors applies to all sources.
Trailblazers Publication.
Friedman, T. L. (2009). Hot, flat and
crowded: Why we need a green
revolution-and how it can renew
America. NY: Picador.
Dryzek, J.S., & Dunleavy, P. (2009).
Theories of the democratic state.
NH: Palgrave Macmillan.
Plata, S. M., et al. (2006). Research,
process and product workbook.
Laguna: Trailblazers Publication.
Thesis and Dissertation Tiu, G. (2013). Toward an
internationalization model for De La
Salle University (DLSU): An
assessment of current approaches in
two Asian institutions (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation). De La Salle
University, Manila.
Tiu, G. (2013). Toward an internationalization
model for De La Salle University (DLSU):
An assessment of current approaches in
two Asian institutions (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation). De La Salle
University, Manila.
MLA HANDBOOK, 7TH EDITION
 Place the reference list separate from the content of
your text
 Label it “Works Cited”
 Do not use bold face, underline, or quotation marks
 Double-spaced
 List the entries in alphabetical order by the author’s
last name
 FORMAT: Last Name, First Name
 Italicize the titles and capitalize the first letter of
each major word in the title
 Do not include URL for Web Sources
 Place a period at the end of all entries
 Sources Examples
Articles from an online Barrot, Jessie. “A Macro Perspective
journal on Key Issues in English as a Second
Language (ESL) Pedagogy in the
• Author(s). “Title of the
Postmethod Era: Confronting
article”. Title of Journal
Volume. Issue (Year):pages. Challenges Through Sociocognitive-
Medium of publication. Date transformative Approach.” The Asia-
accessed. Pacific Education Researcher (2013):
n. pag. Web. 8 November 2014.
• Put “n. pag.” To indicate no
page. Otherwise, include the
page range. Indicate “Web”
for online access and the date
of access.
Barrot, Jessie. “A Macro Perspective on Key
Issues in English as a Second Language
(ESL) Pedagogy in the Postmethod Era:
Confronting Challenges Through
Sociocognitive-transformative Approach.”
The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher
(2013): n. pag. Web. 8 November 2014.
Books
• Last name, First name. Title of Book. City
of Publication: Publisher. Year of
Publication. Medium of Publication.
Single author
Two authors
Multiple author (with seven
authors)
• Format of book with two or multiple
authors applies to all sources.
Friedman, Thomas. Hot, Flat, and
Crowded: Why We Need a Green
Revolution- and How It Can Renew
America. NY: Picador. 2009. Print.
Dryzek, John and Dunleavy, Patrick.
Theories of the Democratic State. NH:
Palgrave macmillan. 2009. Print.
Plata, Sterling, et al. Research,
Process and Product Workbook.
Laguna: Trailblazers Publication.
2006. Print.
Friedman, Thomas. Hot, Flat, and
Crowded: Why We Need a Green
Revolution- and How It Can Renew
America. NY: Picador. 2009. Print.
Dryzek, John and Dunleavy, Patrick.
Theories of the Democratic State. NH:
Palgrave macmillan. 2009. Print.
Plata, Sterling, et al. Research, Process and
Product Workbook. Laguna:
Trailblazers Publication. 2006. Print.
Thesis and Dissertation
Tiu, Glendora. Toward an
• Cite as you would a book, but
internationalization model for De La
include whether it is a Salle University (DLSU): An
Dissertation, MS/MA thesis, Assessment of current approaches in
and others after the title. two Asian Institutions. Diss. De La
Salle University, Manila. 2013. Print.
Tiu, Glendora. Toward an internationalization
model for De La Salle University (DLSU):
An Assessment of current approaches in
two Asian Institutions. Diss. De La Salle
University, Manila. 2013. Print.
IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL,
2014
• Place the reference list on a new page
• Label it “References”
• Do not use bold face, underline, or quotation marks for the title.
• Entries should be single-spaced
• Entries are listed according to the order they were cited in the
text.
• Do not cut or add to the titles
• For articles, enclose the titles with quotation marks.
• Capitalize all major words in the titles
• Include URL if the article has not been assigned with a DOI
• Provide period at the end of all entries
• Provide page numbers of sources
 Sources
Articles from an online journal
Examples
[1] J. Barrot, "A marco perspective on
key issues in English as a second
language (ESL) pedagogy in the
postmethod era: confronting
challenges through sociocognitive-
transformative approach," The Asia
Pacific Education Researcher. Doi:
10.1007/s40299-013-0119-4. 2013,
Accessed on: Oct. 27, 2015.

Books [2] J. Dryzek, J. and P. Dunleavy,

Theories of the Democratic State. NH:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
 AMA MANUAL STYLE, 10TH
EDITION
• Place the reference list on a new page
• Label it “References”
• Do not use bold face, underline, or quotation
marks for the title.
• List you references based on numerical order
reflecting the order of your in-text citation.
• Reference number in the in-text citation must be
written before the corresponding bibliographic
entry
• Do not apply hanging indentation
• Entries should be single-spaced and left justified
• For book titles, capitalize all the first letters of
major words.
• Provide period at the end of all entries
• Provide page numbers of sources
 Sources Examples
Online Journal Articles 1. White J. A qualitative study on
anemia. Med Quart. 2013(2);19-29.
doi: 12.1235.

Books 2. Friend T. Contemporary surgical

procrdures. 4th ed. Manila,
Phillipines: Hermes Publications Inc.;
2010.