CHAPTER 2:

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES ON CHILD

AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT
Educ 1 – The Child and Adolescent Learners and the Learning Principles

BSEd – 1B
GROUP 1 – Teamba
Leader : DUNGO, Fern Angelo. C
Members :
EDER, Kristine M.
EDULAN, Luvimi
ESPINO, Cindy
FIGURON, Jasha
 CHAPTER 2:
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES ON CHILD
AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

D. Language and Literacy Development

D.1 How language Develop?
D.2 Biological and Environmental
Influences
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOP?
What is Language?
-form of communication, whether spoken, written, or
signed, based on system symbol.
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?

Infancy - Babbling, gestures and other

vocalizations
• Crying present at birth
• Cooing: Occurs at 2 to 4 months of age
• Babbling: Begins at about 6 months of age
• Gestures : Begin 8 to 12 months of age
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?
Infants recognizing language
sounds

• “Citizens of the world” • Referential and expressive styles

• Newborn recognize sound • Two-word utterances
changes • Telegraphic speech
• Recognize own language
sounds at 6 months
• Child learns verbs earlier than
child learning English
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?
First words
• Receptive exceeds spoken vocabulary
• Timing of first word, vocabulary spurt varie
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?
Early childhood

• Complex sentences at 2 to 3 • Vocabulary development is

years of age dramatic at age 6
• Become more sensitive to • Fast mapping
language sounds;
morphology rules, some -give novel labels to novel
overgeneralizations objects
• Learn and apply syntax rules; -use of mutual exclusivity
auxillary-inversion rule takes -benefit from hearing
longer mature speakers
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?

SES is linked to language development

• Welfare parents talk less to their children
• Maternal language and literacy skills
positively related to child’s vocabulary;
not talkativeness
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?

Advances in pragmatics
• 6-year-old is better conversationalist
• Young children start using extended
discourse
• Age 4-5 can change speech style at will
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?
Middle and late childhood

• New skills learned when entering • Vocabulary development linked

school to comprehension
• Vocabulary and grammar • Whole language approach
• Development of metalinguistic • Basic skills and phonics
awareness approach
• In adolescence: most know rules • Writing
for appropriate language use • Years of practice needed for
• Child with large vocabulary good writing
learns to read easier • Concerns about students writing
competence
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?

Bilingualism and second language

learning

•Sensitive periods vary across different

language systems
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?

Adolescence

• Increased use and understanding

• Much better at recognizing ideas and
writing
 D.1 HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS?

Adulthood and Aging

• Distinct personal linguistic style is part of identity

• Vocabulary often continues to increase
throughout adult years until late adulthood
• Non-language factors may because of decline in
language skills in older adults
 D.2 BIOLOGICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Biological influences
• Evolution and brains role in language
• Broca’s area: in brain’s left frontal lobe involved in speech
production
• Aphasia: language disorder resulting from brain damage; loss of
ability to use words
 D.2 BIOLOGICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Chomsky

• Humans biologically prewired for language

• Language acquisition device (LAD): biological
endowment to detect features, rules of language
• Theoretical, not physical part off brain
• Evidence of uniformity in language milestones across
languages and cultures
 D.2 BIOLOGICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

Environmental Influences
• Behavioral View
• Criticisms
• No longer considered a variable
explanation
• Interaction view
 D.2 BIOLOGICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

An interaction view of Language

• Language has strong biological foundations
• Acquisition influenced by experiences; enriched
environments have more positive effect
• Worldwide: language milestones reached about the
same time
• Children acquire native language without explicit
teaching; some without encouragement
 D.2 BIOLOGICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

An interactionist view of language

Bruner: stresses roles of parents and
teachers help construct language
acquisition support system (LASS).