VIRGINIA

HENDERSON
14 BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
 NURSE
• Is temporarily the consciousness of the unconscious
• The love of life for the suicidal
• The leg of the amputee
• The eyes of the newly blind
 NURSE
• A means of locomotion for the infant
• Knowledge of confidence for the mother
• The mouthpiece for those too weak or withdrawn to
speak and so on
 HENDERSON
• Called the “First Lady of Nursing” and the “First Truly
International Nurse”
• Her writing, presentations, research and contacts with
nurses have profoundly affected nursing and gave an
impression on the recipient of care by nurses throughtout
the world
• she began her career in public health nursing in the
Henry Street Settlement and in the visiting nurse service
in Washington, D.C.
• She was the first full-time instructor in nursing in Virginia
when she was at Norfolk Protestant Hospital
• An early advocate for the introduction of Psychiatric
Nursing in the curriculum and served in the committee to
develop such a course at Eastern State Hospital in
Williamsburg, Virginia in 1929
• Nurses through the US studied with her without ever
leaving their home schools when her revision of Bertha
Harmers’ textbook of the Principles and Practice of
Nursing became widely used.
• Other important publications grew out of Henderson’s
years at Yale University including Nursing Research; A
Survey and Assessment
• She also directed a twelve-year project entitled Nursing
Studies Index, four volumes recognized as an essential
reference for many years
• Nature Nursing, this book expressed for belief about the
essence of nursing and influenced the hearts and minds
of those who read it.
• At 75 years old, she directed her career to international
teaching and speaking. Another generation harvested the
benefits of contact with this outstanding nurse of 20th
century
• Numerous honors bestowed on Henderson
• Honorary degrees from 13 universities
• Selected to the American Nurse Association Hall of Fame
• Sigma Theta Tau International Library named her honor
• Historical Nurse Leadership Award was presented to her
by the Virginia Nurses in 1988
• Recognized Henderson as one of the 51 Pioneer Nurses
in Virginia Nurses Association in 2000
• Halloran, a nurse theorist write “Henderson was to the
20th Century as Nightingale was 19th century. Both wrote
extensive works that have influenced the world.
METAPARADIGM
IN
NURSING
 PERSON
• The person is an individual who requires assistance to
achieve health and independence in some cases, a
peaceful death
• Introduced the concept of mind and body of a person as
inseparable. For a person to functions to the utmost, he
must be able to maintain physiological and emotional
balance
 HEALTH
• Viewed health as a quality of life and is very basic for a
person to function fully
• As a vital need, health requires independence and
interdependence
• Gave emphasis in prioritizing health promotion
 ENVIRONMENT
• It is important for a healthy individual to control the
environment but as illness occur, this ability is diminished
and affected
• In caring for the sick, the responsibility of the nurse to
help the patient manage his surroundings to protect him
from harm or mechanical injury
• Nurses must provide physicians data about the safety
needs of the patient
 NURSING
• She asserted that nurse function independently from the
physician but they must promote the treatment
prescribed by the physician
• Special role of the nurse is to help both the sick and well
individuals. Care must include people from all walks of
life from the well to the sides newborn to the dying
• Role of the nurse as a health care provider
• The nurse must be knowledgeable in both
biological and social sciences
• Must have the ability to assess basic human
needs
• Her definition of nursing was considered as
the signature of the profession
 14 BASIC NEEDS
1. Breathing normally
2. Eating and drinking adequately
3. Eliminating body wastes
4. Moving “maintaining a desired position”
5. Sleeping and rest
6. Selecting suitable cloths
7. Maintaining normal body temperature by adjusting
clothes in modifying the environment
8. Keeping the body clean and well groomed to promote
integument (skin)
9. Avoiding dangers in the environment and avoiding
injury to others.
10.Communicating with others in expressing emotions,
needs, fears with opinions
11.Worshipping according to one’s faith
12.Working in such a way that one feels a sense of
accomplishment
13.Playing or participating in various forms of
recreation
14.Learning, discovering or satisfying the curiosity
that leads to normal development a health, or
using available health facilities
 3 TYPES OF
RELATIONSHIP
 A. 3 LEVELS OF NURSE-PATIENT
RELATIONSHIP
1. The nurse as a substitute for the patient:
• Provide knowledge, will and strength in order to make him
complete, whole and independent once again
2. The nurse as a helper to the patient:
• Nurse focuses her attention in assisting the patient meet these
needs so as to regain independence as quickly as possible
3. The nurse as a partner with the following:
• As partners, formulates the plan of care together
• Both an advocate or as a resource person, the
nurse can empower the patient to make effective
decisions regarding his care plans
• As partners, their interest are the same having the
patient achieve health and independence
 B. THE NURSE-PHYSICIANS
RELATIONSHIP
• Though the nurse and patient are partners, the plan of
care must be implemented in such a way that will
promote the physicians prescribed therapeutic plan
• She insisted that nurse do not follow doctor’s orders to
patients or other health care team members
 C. NURSE AS A MEMBER OF THE
HEALTH CARE TEAM

• As member of the team, the nurse works

and contributes in carrying out the total
program of care
 ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING
COMMUNITY
1. PRACTICE
• Henderson’s approach focuses on decision-making
A. ASSESSMENT PHASE
• She gathers data by observing, smelling, feeling and
hearing
• The nurses use critical thinking and analysis of the
condition of the patient.
B. PLANNING PHASE
• Plan of care to meet the needs and personality.
• To make the plan same with the goals of the health care
team, the notes and responsibilities of each professional
member must be included and integrated to the care of
plan.
 C. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

• Nurse uses the 14 basic needs in answering the factors

that are contributing to the illness state of the patient
• Interventions are focused on:
• Maintaining health
• To recover from illness
• To aid in peaceful death
• She performs activities that are directed in helping the
patient attain his independence as fast possible
D. EVALUATING PHASE
• Nurse-patient reviews the relationship and decides
whether the goals are met or not
• Assess if the patient attained independence and if health
is achieved
2. EDUCATION
• Developed 3 phases of curriculum development
A. FIRST PHASE
• Emphasis is made on helping the patient perform ADL
• Priorities are given on the fundamental needs of the
patient and planning of nursing care
B. SECOND PHASE
• Importance is placed on assisting patients achieve their
needs in times of mark body disturbance
• The approach becomes more medical and the nurse
understands the rationale behind the prescribed
therapeutic plans made by the doctor
C. THIRD PHASE
• Centered on the patient and his family together with the
dynamics affecting the relationship in the side unit
 RESEARCH
• Henderson supported the use of research in improving
the practice of nursing
• The nurse responsibility is to identify problems,
continuously validates her practice, improving the
methods used, a reassuring the effectiveness of the care
 ANALYSIS
A. SIMPLICITY
• Her work “The Principles and Practice of Nursing” has
given an extremely comprehensive and well explanationq
 GENERALITY
• They work in such a way that they cover
al areas of nursing practice and could be
applied in every setting
 DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES

• She emphasized the importance of nursing independence

from and interdependent on the different health care
profession
• Advocated curriculum development and at the same time
viewed research as an important tool in improving the
clinical practice of nursing