BREAST CARCINOMA

DEFINITION
Breast cancer is a malignancy in breast tissue that can originate from
the ductal epithelium and lobules. Breast cancer is one of the most
common types of cancer in Indonesia
RISK FACTOR
• female sex
• > 50 years old
• family and genetic history (carriers of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM or TP53 gene
mutations (p53)
• history of previous breast diseases (DCIS in the same breast, LCIS, high density on
mammography)
• history of early menstruation (<12 years) or late menarche (> 55 years)
• reproductive history (no children and no breastfeeding)
• hormonal
• obesity
• alcohol consumption
• history of chest wall radiation
PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION
SECONDARY PREVENTION
DIAGNOSIS
History and Physical Examination:
Main complaint :
1. Lump in the breast
2. Speed of growth with / without pain
3. Nipple discharge, nipple retraction, and crusting
4. Skin disorders, dimpling, peau'orange, ulceration, venektasi
5. Armpit lumps and arm edema
Additional Complaints:
1. Bone pain (vertebra, femur)
2. Shortness and others
Laboratory Examinations It is recommended:
• Routine blood tests and blood chemistry checks according to estimated
metastases
• Tumor marker: if the results are high, it needs to be repeated for follow-up
Imaging Check :
• Mammografi
• USG
• CT Scan / MRI
STAGING
Based on the AJCC TNM
TREATMENT
1. Surgery
Surgery is the earliest therapy known for the treatment of breast cancer. Surgical therapy is
known as follows:
• Therapy of local and regional problems: Mastectomy, breast conserving surgery, axillary
dissection and therapy of local / regional recurrence.
• Surgical therapy with the aim of hormonal therapy: ovariectomy, adrenalectomy, etc.
• Therapy of residif tumors and metastases.
• Reconstructive therapy, cosmetic repair therapy for local / regional therapy, can be done
at the same time (immediate) or after some time (delay).
2. Systemic Therapy: Chemotherapy
3. Hormonal Therapy
4. Target Therapy
5. Radiotherapy